JOSE

RIZA CHAPTER V
RIZAL TO PARIS AND TO
GERMANY
CARINGAL, MARYJOY D.
CRUZ, ISAH MAY
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany

• Rizal went to Paris and Germany in order to

specialized in ophthalmology.
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• Ophthalmology- A branch of medical science
dealing with the anatomy, functions, and
diseases of the eye.

• He has special interest in this branch of

medicine so that he could restore his mother’s
sight.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany

• Rizal who was then 24 years old and a full

pledge surgeon decided to go to Paris in order
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to further his study and acquire adequate
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knowledge in ophthalmology.

• On the way to Paris, he first stopped at

Barcelona to visit a friend, Maximo Viola.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany
Máximo Viola y Sison (1857-1933)

• A medical student belonging to an affluent

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family of San Miguel, Bulacan.
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He is known as the best friend of Jose Rizal in
Europe.
• They planned to tour Europe together after Viola
got through with his medical.

• He is also known as propagandist, writer,

revolutionary leader and doctor from Bulacan,
Philippines.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany

• Rizal stayed in Paris for

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almost 4 months.
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• He became assistant of Dr.
Louis de Wecker.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany
Dr. Louis de Wecker (1832-1906)

• He was a French ophthalmologist born in

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Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
• His name is associated with "de Wecker
scissors", which are small sharp-pointed
scissors used for intraocular surgery of the
iris and lens capsule.
• Dr. José Rizal completed his
ophthalmological training under Professor
Louis de Wecker in Paris in 1885
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany

• During his free time, he visited his

fellow-country men- Pardo de Taveras:
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 Trinidad Hermenegildo José María
Juan Francisco Pardo de Tavera y
Gorricho
 Félix Pardo de Tavera
 Paz Pardo de Tavera;
• Juan Luna
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany
Juan Luna y Novicio (1857-1899)

• He was born in the town of Badoc, Ilocos

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Norte in the northern Philippines.
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He was a Filipino painter, sculptor and a
political activist of the Philippine Revolution
during the late 19th century.
• He became one of the first recognized
Philippine artists.
• He painted a historical Convass, The Blood
Compact which Rizal posed as Sikatuna
and Trinidad as Legaspi.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany
The Blood Compact (El Pacto de Sangre)
• The Blood Compact portrays the 1565 Sandugo
(blood compact ritual) between Datu Sikatuna of
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Bohol and Miguel López de Legazpi, surrounded by

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other conquistadors.

• Datu Sikatuna was described to be 'being crowded

out of the picture by Miguel López de Legazpi and
his fellow conquistadores‘

• José Rizal and Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera helped

Luna in completing the painting by providing
historical advice and posing for the painter: Rizal
posed as Sikatuna while Pardo de Tavera posed as
Legazpi
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany

• Rizal left Paris and moved to Heidelberg, a

German City where he arrived on February
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7, 1886.
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• With some German law students, he lived in
a boarding house.
• They found out that Rizal was a good chess
player.
• His German Friends recommended him to be
a member of the Chess PLAYER’S CLUB
whose members were mostly law students.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany

• Rizal had the privilege to work in the clinic

of a noted Polish ophthalmologist, Dr.
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Javier Galezowsky.
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• Rizal worked at the University Eye
Hospital under the direction of Dr. Otto
Becker, distinguished German
ophthalmologist, and attended the lectures of
Dr. Becker and Prof. Wilheim Kuehne at
the University.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany

• Heidelberg- a city in Baden-

Wurttenberg in West Germany.
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• Famous for its old universities and
beautiful sceneries in the countryside.

• Rizal used to take walk along the cool

banks and crystal clear water of the
Neckar River.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany

• August 6, 1886- he attended the

celebration of the fifth centenary of
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the foundation of the University of
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• He wrote an ode- a lyric poem
expressive of exalted emotion entitled
“A las flores del Heidelberg” or To
the Flowers of Heidelberg, translated
by Charles E. Derbyshire.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany

• Among them was his favorite flowers- the

light blue “forget-me-not”
• The beautiful spring flowers reminded
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Rizal of the blooming flowers at the garden
of his home in Calamba.
• April 22, 1886, in a mood of
homesickness, he wrote a fine poem “A
Las Flores de Heidelberg.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany

To Frankfurt and Leipzig

• Cities in East Germany where Rizal visited by
boarding a train.
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• He also went to Manheim and Cologne,
where he had some sight-seeing at the Stadel
Art Institute, the zoological garden, and the
synagogue at Jew’s Alley.
• In Leipzig City, he came to know Dr. Hans
Meyer, eminent German scholar, who once
visited the Philippines in 1882.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany

First Letter to Blumentritt

• Rizal wrote his first letter in German

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(which he had improved after his stay
with the (Ullmers) to Professor
Ferdinand Blumentritt, Director of
the Ateneo of Leitmeritz, Austria on
July 31, 1886
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany

• Rizal had the perception that one of the

Professor’s interests was on culture and
about Philippine languages. Rizal in his
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letter said O
“I have heard that you are studying our language, and
that you had already published some works about it;
permit me to send you a valuable book written by my
country man in our language. The Spanish version is
mediocre because the author is only modest writer but the
Tagalog part is good, and it is precisely the language
spoken in our province.”
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany
• The book he sent with his letter was entitled
Arithmetica (Arithmetic), published in two
languages- Spanish and Tagalog.
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• Published by the University of Sto. Tomas Press in

•
1868 O
Rizal translate Schller’s William Tell from German
language to Tagalog version; the story of the
legendary Swiss patriot who championed its
independence.
• Dresden- city in East Germany on the Elbe River
where he met Dr. Adolf B. Meyer, Director of the
Zoological and Ethnographical Museum, who also
became his friend.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany

• The book he sent with his letter was

entitled Arithmetica (Arithmetic),
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published in two languages- Spanish
and Tagalog. O
• Published by the University of Sto.
Tomas Press in 1868
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany
Life in Berlin
• Berlin- historic city and capital of unified Germany
• Rizal befriended several top scientists:
 Dr. Feodor Jagor, German scientist and author of the
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book entitled Travels in the Philippines.
 Dr. Rudolf Virchow, a well-known anthropologist and
his son, Dr. Hans Virchow, a distinguished professor
of Descriptive Geometry.
 Dr. Joest, a famous German geographer through Dr.
Jagor.
• He also worked in the medical clinic of Dr. Schulzer, a
renowned German eye specialist.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany
Reasons why Rizal lived in Berlin
 to gain further knowledge in ophthalmology,
 to gain more insight and understanding in
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various sciences and languages,
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 to observe the prevailing political, social and
economic conditions,
 to observe and to learn new knowledge from
German scientist and scholars, and
 to finish writing his novel, Noli Me Tangere.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany
On German Women
• He has a high regard and admiration for they were
diligent, hardworking, active, educated, kind-
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hearted and friendly. Their mode of dressing is
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modest; they do not give emphasis to expensive
clothes and jewelry.

• In contrast, Rizal regretted that in the Philippines

some Filipino women are more interested in
beautiful clothes and fine jewelry than the value
of education.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany
Other German Way of Living
 Rizal noted that the German workers were protected
by insurance against the hardships of sickness,
accident, and old age.
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 The laws on labor hoped to increase the worker’s
loyalty to the government.
 Railroad were placed under national control.
 Schools made patriots of German youth, and the
Kaiser (a German emperor: the title used from 1871-
1918) tried to make Berlin the center of intellectual
life of the nation by giving large funds to its university
and to organizations of writers and scientists.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany
Other German Way of Living
 National unity was further increased by the economic
growth of Berlin, Hamburg, at the mouth of the
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Elbe, was a busy port in Germany and the chief
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outlet of various businesses for all central Europe,
Berlin was the economic metropolis of the nation.
 Rizal was delighted on the German customs in
observance of the Christmas season.
 In once social gathering Rizal attended, he was
amused that his attention was caught of the self-
introduction to the guests when a man attends a party
or social function.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany
Rizal Got Sick
• November, 1886 to the second week of May of the
following year, he tried to economize by placing
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himself on a strict vegetarian diet.
•
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He failed to receive his monthly allowance from
brother Paciano.
• He even loaned the diamond ring given by his sister
Saturnina to a pawnshop and sold some of his books
to second-hand book stores.
• Eating only once a day, he soon became sick with
chills, fevers and coughs- symptoms of tuberculosis.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany
The Noli Is Published
• “ Noli Me Tangere, means do not touch me.”
• The book contains things of which no one among
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ourselves has spoken up to the present; they are so

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delicate that cannot be touched by anybody.
Rizal was desperately despondent because he had slim
hope of having Noli published for he was penniless.
• Dr. Maximo Viola- Upon the insistence of this
magnanimous man from San Miguel, Bulacan, who
loaned P300 to Rizal, Noli was finally printed in
March, 1887.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany
The Noli Is Published
• Rizal received formal expression of high praise for his
novel and these were sent by Antonio Regidor and
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Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt.
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Rizal’s friends and admirers praised with pride the
Noli and its author. On the other hand, his enemies
were bitter in attacking and condemning the same.
• In the Philippines this novel was attacked and
condemned by Faculty Committee in 1887.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany
The Noli Is Published
• During the Congressional discussion and
hearing on the (Noli-Fili) bill in 1956, the
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proponents and opponents of the bill also
engaged themselves in a heated, bitter and
long- drawn-out debate that finally resulted in
the enactment of a compromise measure, now
known as Republic Act No. 1425 (Rizal Law)
and signed by President Ramon Magsaysay
on June 12, 1956.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany
The Noli Is Published
• Senator Fernando Vida, Deputy and ex- General Luis
M. de Pando, and Pramides Mateo Sagasta were
among those who unjustly lambasted and criticized Rizal
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and his Noli in the two chambers of the Spanish Cortes I
1888 and 1899.
• About thirteen years later, U.S. Congressman Henry
Allen Cooper of Wisconsin delivered on June 19, 1902
ang eulogy of Rizal and even recited the Filipino
martyr’s Ultimo Pensamiento (last thoughts) on the
floor of the United States House of Representatives in
order to prove to his colleagues the capacity of the
Filipinos for self- government.
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany
The Noli Is Published
• The U. S. Congressman said in part: “It ha been said
that, if American institutions had done nothing else than
furnish to the world the character of George
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Washington, that alone would entitle them to the respect
of mankind, so, I say categorically to all those who
denounce the Filipinos indiscriminately as barbarians
and savages, without possibility of a civilized future, that
this despised raced proved itself entitled to their self
respect and to the respect of mankind when it furnished
to the whole world the character of Jose Rizal.”
 Rizal to Paris and to Germany
The Noli Is Published
• The results of his speech and the appeal of
Representative Cooper, in effect, were the
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resounding approval of what is popularly
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known as the Philippine Bill of 1902,
which granted the Filipinos a large measure
of participation in running the social,
economic and political affairs of their
government.