URBAN PLANNING &

SITE PLANNING
GERONIMO ANTONIO B. SINGSON, REB. EnP, MPA, MMEP

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 URBAN PLANNING
 Urban planning is the process of developing and
designing urban areas to meet the needs of the
community. The practice draws from a number of
disciplines – architecture, engineering, economics,
sociology, public health, finance, etc. – and strives
to prepare cities and municipalities for the future.
 7 TYPES OF URBAN PLANNING
• 1. Strategic Urban Planning
-Development Plan
-Core Strategy
-Comprehensive Plan

• Goals/Objectives
 Easing transportation throughout the city
 Creating more community spaces
 Improving citizen’s quality of life
 Encouraging people to visit or move to the city
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 7 TYPES OF URBAN PLANNING
• 2. Land-Use Planning
-Legislation and policy adopting planning instruments
like government statutes, regulations, rules, codes and
policies to influence land use.

-Deals with the type, location, and amount of land needed

to carryout different functions of the city.

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7 TYPES OF URBAN PLANNING
It also serve to zone or reserve land for certain purposes such
as:
1. Residentials - building like apartment homes, single-family
residences & condominiums
2. Commercial - building like retail shops and office buildings
3. Industrial - structures like manufacturing plants and
warehouses
4. Institutional/Municipal - structures like health centers,
police stations, courthouses, etc.
 7 TYPES OF URBAN PLANNING
• As with subsequent types of urban planning, consulting
with the community and relevant stakeholders is an
important part of land-use planning to ensure
TRANSPARENCY, and incorporate a wide range of
interests into the overall plan.
• If you communicate your strategic plan well, then
transportation, commercial and industrial planning should
flow right into your plans.

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 7 TYPES OF URBAN PLANNING

• 3. Master Planning
-envisions a future state for a
given space, and what it will take
to achieve that vision.

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 7 TYPES OF URBAN PLANNING

• 4. Urban Revitalization
- focuses on improving
areas that are in a state of
decline.

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 7 TYPES OF URBAN PLANNING
• 5. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
- identifying areas of growth to foster
greater financial prosperity within the
city, specifically by enticing companies
to build or move offices there.

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 7 TYPES OF URBAN PLANNING
• 6. ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING
- emphasizes sustainability. Considerations for this
type of urban planning include air pollution, noise
pollution, wetlands, habitats of endangered species,
flood zone susceptibility, and coastal zone erosion, along
with a host of other environmental factors dealing with
the relationship between natural and human systems.
-Environmental plans need to be filed alongside
master, revitalization, and infrastructure plans.

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 7 TYPES OF URBAN PLANNING
• 6. ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

 Prioritize projects according to organizational goals.

 Ensure environmental programs and projects are
linked to the city’s overall strategy.
 Allocate resources effectively.
 Generate realistic project timelines and proper
sequencing of projects.
 Track progress on hundreds of projects
simultaneously.
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 7 TYPES OF URBAN PLANNING
• 7. INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING
-deals with the fundamental facilities and systems that serve a
city and its people, and how those facilities can support goals laid out
in the strategic plan.

This type of urban planning covers:

 Public works infrastructure such as water supply, sewage, electricity,
and telecommunications
 Community infrastructure such as schools, hospitals, and parks
 Safety and transportation such as roads, police, and fire facilities
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 SITE
* An area or ground on which a town, building, or monument
is constructed.
* Any area which has played a significant role in the history of
our country.
• Such significance may be:
• Historical
• Cultural
• Archaeological
• Sociological
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• Scientific
 SITE PLANNING

• SITE - A space or ground occupied or to be occupied by a

building or a concentration of building developments or
human activities that fall under the same land use category;

• Through site planning, a site is made suitable for building

purposes, human activities, or life sustaining processes;

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 SITE PLANNING
• A site for human activities (production and consumption) may be
divided into lots, street pattern, and provided with such facilities
as water, sewer, power, drainage, etc.
• Every site is a unique interconnected web of things and
activities that imposes limitations and offers possibilities.
• A SITE (“Project Area” or “Planning Area”) varies in size,
location and characteristics.

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 SITE PLANNING

“
The art of arranging structures on
the land and shaping the spaces
between; an art linked to architecture,
engineering, landscape architecture and
city planning.”
„
- Site Planning by Kevin Lynch

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 SITE PLANNING
“
The art and science of arranging the uses of
portions of land. These uses are designated in
detail by selecting and analyzing sites,
forming land use plans, organizing vehicular
and pedestrian circulation, developing visual
form and material concepts, readjusting the
existing land forms by design grading,
providing proper drainage, and developing the
construction
details necessary to carry out the projects
„
- A Guide to Site and Environmental Planning, 1980 by Harvey 17
Rubenstein
 SITE PLANNING
“
Physical Planning is the art and science of
ordering the use of land and siting of buildings
and communication routes to secure the
maximum practicable degree of economy, social
amenities, convenience and aesthetics. It
involves the following components: physical,
social, and economic/administrative
„
- UAP Document 203-d Physical Planning Services

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 SITE PLANNING
There are two methods of establishing a site:
1. Site Selection Process
• The process selects from a list of potential sites one that suits
best the given use and requirements of the project.

2. Development Suitability Process

• This process selects the best possible use and development
suited for a given site.

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 SITE PLANNING
A. NATURAL FACTORS
Geomorphology Land forms, soil properties (composition, soil texture,
bearing capacity, stability, erosion/ erodability, fertility)
Topography Elevation, slope
Hydrology Surface and ground water, drainage, aquifer recharge
areas, depth to seasonal water table
Geology Seismic Hazards, depth to bedrock
Climate Wind, solar orientation, humidity
Vegetation Plant communities, specimen trees, exotic invasive
species
Wildlife Endangered of threatened species and habitats20
 SITE PLANNING
B. CULTURAL FACTORS
Existing Land Use Ownership of adjacent property, off-site nuisances
Legal Land ownership, land use regulations, easements and
deed restrictions
Circulation Vehicular and pedestrian circulation on or adjacent to site,
traffic volume, street function (arterial, collector)
Density and Zoning Legal and regulatory controls
Socio-economic factors and sensory (noise, odor, visual quality)
Utilities Sanitary, storm-water, water supply, power supply, and
communications
History factors Historic buildings, landmarks, and archeology
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 SITE PLANNING
C. AESTHETIC FACTORS

Natural Features TOPOGRAPHY, FLORA & FAUNA

Spatial Patterns SPACES AND SEQUENCES
Visual Resources VISTAS

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 Soil Types and Drainage

“Good drainage” refers to

the soil‟s ability to transfer
gravity water downward,
and that the soil is not
conducive to prolonged
periods of saturation.

‣Infiltration capacity: rate at which water penetrates the soil

surface (cm/hr or inches/hr)
‣ Permeability: rate at which water within the soil moves
through
a given volume of material (cm/hr or inches/hr)
‣ Percolation: rate at which water is absorbed back by soil
‣Porosity: capacity of soil or rock to hold water; ratio of the
volume of void spaces in a rock or sediment to the total volume
of the rock or sediment.
“Poor Drainage” is when the soil is frequently or permanently saturated and may have water
standing on it. This maybe caused by local accumulation of surface water, or rise in the level
of groundwater within the soil because because the soil particles are too small to transmit
infiltration 12
 Hydrology

Hydrology: the science that

studies the waters of the
earth, their occurrence,
circulation and distribution,
their chemical and physical
properties, and their reaction
to the living environment

•Intense rainfalls
promote highest rate of soil
erosion
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 Hydrology
•Aquifer: permeable geological
stratum/formation that can both
store and transmit groundwater
in significant quantities
•Watershed: geographic area
of land bounded by topographic
features and height of land that
captures precipitation, filters &
stores waters to a shared
destination; this is important in
water quality and stormwater
management 25
 Climate
Four types: cold, temperate, hot arid
& hot humid.
Topography, surface materials, plant
cover, location of structures, and
presence/absence of water have
striking impact on the microclimate
Solar orientation
Best-facing slopes
Wind flows
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 Climate

Albedo: characteristic of a surface;

fraction of total radiant energy of a
given wavelength incident on a
surface reflected back by that
surface
Passive Cooling: technology of
cooling spaces through proper siting
of structure and use of energy-
efficient materials, with the overall
objective of energy conservation
Climate and Green Building 27
 Slope
Relatively Flat/ Level to Nearly Level 0-3%

Easy Grades 4-6%

Moderately Undulating to Steeply Sloping 7-14%

Steep 14-18%

Not alienable and disposable > 18%

Rolling to Hilly 18-30%

Hilly to Mountainous 30-50%

Mountainous & Excessively Steep 50% & up

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Slope & Structures

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 Slope and Angle of Repose

Angle of Repose: is the maximum angle at

which any earth material can be safely inclined
and beyond which it wall fall.

Soil Stabilization Techniques

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 Slope Analysis
An analytical process made on a topographic
map that produces an overall pattern of slopes,
to help the planner determine the best uses for
various portions of the site, along with the
feasibility of construction.

Slope Requirements* for various Land Uses

LAND USE MIN MAX OPTIMUM
Housing Sites 0% 20-25% 2%
Playgrounds 0.05% 2-3% 1%
Public Stairs - 50% 25%
Lawns (Mowed) - 25% 2-3%
Septic Drainfields 0% 15%
Paved Surfaces
Parking Lots 0.05% 3% 1%
Sidewalks 0% 10% 1%
Streets and Roads - 15-17% 1%
20 mph - 12%
70 mph - 4%
Industrial Sites
Factories 0% 3-4%
RePqaurikreinmgents vary 0.05% 3%
* 20
MAPS
32

A map is a graphical representation of a place or particular

phenomena or themes in an area
General Map shows a complex of physical and cultural features
‣Base Map: shows the legal lines (boundaries, easements),
utilities, roads, paths,
‣ Vicinity Map: study area in relation to the province/region or
important reference points/radius of influence
‣Aspect Map: shows a particular information needed for analysis
purposes; derived from original thematic maps and is a
translation/interpretation of base data into customized categories
such as severe flooding, severe erosion, steep slopes, etc.
MAPS
Thematic Map depicts a single feature, represents a single them or
subject
‣ Topography Map
‣ Climate
‣ Hydrogeology
‣ Slope
‣ Soil
‣ Land Classification
‣ Infrastructure
‣ Cadastral
‣ Land Values
‣ Population Density
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MAPS
Analytical Map is a synthesis of two or more variables/thematic
maps
‣ Erosion Potential
‣ Flooding Hazard
‣ Land Capability
‣ Soil Suitability
‣ Development Constraints

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 SITE PLANNING PROCESS

Data-Gathering
Site Selection & Analysis
‣ Site Selection Process: selects a site that suits best the given use and
requirements of the project; based on an established criteria
‣ Development Suitability Process: selects the best use and
development suited for a given site; site analysis using various tools
and procedures
‣ Site analysis involves studying the site in terms of various factors,
namely: (1) natural; (2) cultural; (3) aesthetic
‣ In site analysis, it is important to gather existing data about the site
and its immediate environs. This involves site reconnaissance,
data- gathering/research, and even surveys. 35
 SITE PLANNING PROCESS

Organizing Circulation
Developing Visual Form and Material Concepts
‣Image of a City
Readjusting landforms
‣ Site Characteristics
and Engineering
Principles

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 SITE PLANNING PROCESS

Data-Gathering
Site Selection & Analysis
‣ Site Selection Process: selects a site that suits best the given use and
requirements of the project; based on an established criteria
‣ Development Suitability Process: selects the best use and development
suited for a given site; site analysis using various tools and procedures
‣ Site analysis involves studying the site in terms of various factors,
namely: (1) natural; (2) cultural; (3) aesthetic
‣ In site analysis, it is important to gather existing data about the site and
its immediate environs. This involves site reconnaissance, data-
gathering/research, and even surveys.
Short Course on Environmental Planning DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. 37
 SITE PLANNING PROCESS

Organizing Circulation

Developing Visual Form and Material Concepts

‣ Image of a City
Readjusting landforms
‣ Site Characteristics and Engineering Principles

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 SITE PLANNING – DESIGN PROCESS

Kevin Lynch outlines an eight-stage site planning cycle that

includes the following:

1. Defining the problem

2. Programming and the analysis of site and user
3. Schematic design and the preliminary cost estimate
4. Developed design and detailed costing
5. Contract documents
6. Bidding and contracting
7. Construction
8. Occupation and management

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SITE PLANNING
John Simond’s Planning-Design Process

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 General Activities of the
Site Planning-Design Process
1. Research (pre-project phase)
• Program Development
• Site Inventory
2. Analysis (site assessment)
• Site Analysis and Site Inventory (survey)
3. Synthesis
• Conceptual Design
• Preliminary Design
• Site Plan / Master Plan
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1. Research and Analysis Phases
Site Location
Existing
Conditions
• Topography
and Slopes
0-2% - Most
developable
2-8% - Easily
accommodat
es most
categories of
development
8-16% -
Some
development
restrictions; 42

upper limits
2. Program Development

• The development of the program is the bridging step between the

analysis and synthesis or design phases.
• Kevin Lynch defines the program as composed of the four “P’s”:
• “Population” refers to the actual user who may or may not be the
client per se.
• “Packaging” involves the type and quantities of elements that will
be provided in the design.
• “Performance” standards set the quality of elements expected,
whether in terms of materials or function.
• “Patterns” refer to general physical relationships that should be
achieved. 43
2. Program Development
• As Simonds explains, in developing the program the designer
responds to the client’s initial statement of intent, modified on
the basis of what he/she has learned at the end of the analysis
phase.
• While the analysis is based upon a basic program concept, the
potential of the site for development influences the planner’s
ultimate program recommendations. The program should include:
a. A statement of goals that the project should achieve.
b. A list of project objectives by which these goals will be
accomplished.
c. A list of project elements that will be included and a description
or analysis of their interrelationships.
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3. Synthesis (Design Phase)

A. Conceptual Design
B. Preliminary Design
C. Site Plan/ Master Plan
D. Design Implementation

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 Sequence in Producing a Site Plan

Client wants to Technical Alternative Site is

Key Issues Identified
develop a site team examined
assembled

Site Potential Present and future Discussion with

Site inventory
Assessed users needs local planners

Alternative Design and

Environmenta Development SITE PLAN approval management briefs
l Policies Concepts examined sought by client developed
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SITE PLANNING

Site planning, then, is the organization of the external

physical environment to accommodate human behavior. It
deals with the qualities and locations of structures, land,
activities, and living things. It creates a pattern of those
elements in space and time, which will be subject to
continuous future management and change. The technical
output – the grading plans, utility layouts, survey locations,
planting plans, sketches, diagrams, and specifications, are
simply a conventional way of specifying this complex
organization.
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 SITE SELECTION CHECKLIST

• Site characteristics – soil conditions, ground water and drainage,

slope, elevation,
• Availability of services – availability of sanitary and protective
services, removal of waste, power, fuel, and communications
• Availability of community services – public transportation facilities,
employment, stores, and markets, schools, churhes, recreation
facilities, parks, playgrounds, medical facilities, library

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 SITE SELECTION CHECKLIST

• Livability of site – types of buildings, density of development

• Costs – land costs, development costs, building costs, utility costs
• Maintenance and operating costs – utility costs, grounds
maintenance, taxes
• Marketability
• Appearance and general character – kinds of building, design of
exteriors, condition of buildings, grounds and streets
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 Site
Reconnaissance
Checklist
SURROUNDING AREAS

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Site
Reconnaissance
Checklist
THE SITE

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 Data
Requirements
and Possible
Sources

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Site Planning Analysis Format

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SITE PLANNING
• Site Planning occurs after Strategic Planning has taken place
and after the land use has been decided in relation to social,
economic, and environmental needs.
• Site planning is an integral part of land use planning that
involves the arrangement of structures, natural or man-
made, on the land and shaping the spaces between.
• “Site Planning” involves planning for a smaller urban area
already defined for commercial, residential, industrial,
recreational, or mixed use development.
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SITE PLANNING
• Site planning determines the detailed layout of an area so that
it functions effectively in relation to a given range of land uses
on the site and others around it.
• Site planning is working out the detail of:
1) what should happen on a given area of land;
2) how it should happen;
3)what it will cost to implement and manage proposed
developments on the area of land.
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SITE PLANNING
• While land use planning deals with broad policy areas on land
use utilization, site planning focuses more on the
intimate relationship between man and space
and between building and space.
• Site Planning is viewed as a natural extension of land use
planning

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SITE PLANNING AND LAND USE PLANS
“Site Planning” involves planning for a smaller urban area already defined for commercial, residential, industrial,
recreational, or mixed use development.
While land use planning deals with broad policy areas on land use utilization, site planning focuses more on the
intimate relationship between man and space and between building and space.
Site planning determines the detailed layout of an area so that it functions effectively in relation to a given range
of land uses on the site and others around it.
Site planning is working out the detail of:
• 1) what should happen on a given area of land;
• 2) how it should happen;
• 3) what it will cost to implement and manage proposed developments on the area of land
Site Planning References include PD 957, BP 220, HLURB Guidelines, National Building Code, LGU Ordinances and
CLUP Handbooks
‣ Density: the intensity of development; Floor-Area-Ratio is one measure/control of density; FAR= total building
GFA/lot area
‣ Easement: building setback
‣ Building Height 57
SITE PLANNING AND LAND USE PLANS

• Land use planning deals with broad policy areas on land

use utilization, while site planning focuses more on the
intimate relationship between man and space and
between building and space.
• Site Planning is viewed as a natural extension of land use
planning
• In the overall development planning process, site planning
occurs after land use planning has taken place or after
the land use has been decided in relation to social,
economic, and environmental needs.
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AREA DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
• provides an important link
between the Physical
Framework Plan and Site
Planning for the individual
projects
• provides a detailed framework
for decisions on Proposals
contained in the Long Range
Plan for functional areas of the
territory.
• was originally focused on
„economic development‟ but
now encompasses
„environmental sustainability,‟
„social viability,‟ „cultural
vitality,‟ and
„design/architecture‟.
 AREA ECOLOGICAL PROFILE
Data/Information Description
A. Geo-physical Environment
1.0 Land Characteristics
1.1 Geography Indicate relative and absolute location of the site and its boundaries with respect
to other plots. A base map or topographic map should be provided to show
boundaries of the site.
1.2 Geology and Geomorphology Describe the major geologic structures/faults, land formations, rock outcrops and
the relative bearing capacity of the surface and sub-surface materials to carry the
weights of structures. Indicates the slope stability, landslide potential, hazard
potential, and areas within and along fault lines.

1.3 Topography, Slope, Aspect, Indicate all man-made physical changes on the project area‟s surface such as
Elevation bldgs., roads, etc.; shows degree of inclination of a given area, expressed in
percentage rise of land relative to its ground distance.

1.4 Drainage, Tributary Patterns, Describe the types of drainage pattern and drainage density. Indicates the
Catchment Area name and location of catchment basins in the area on a map.

1.5 Land Classification & Regulatory State the legal classification of the land (i.e., A&D land or classified and
Status unclassified forest) and discusses the regulatory status of areas with lease or
permits (e.g., reforestation agreements). The land status can be shown on a
map.
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 AREA ECOLOGICAL PROFILE
Data/Information Description
1.6 Land Use Describe the current land uses within and around the project area and the extent of
coverage. Can be presented on a map.
1.7 Vegetative Cover Describe the current vegetative cover including the number of species, location
and density. Can be shown on a map.
1.8 Mineral Resources Locate mineral deposits and mining sites.
1.9 Soils Indicate the types of soil, their characteristics and area of coverage. Indicates the
basis for capability classification (i.e. natural characteristics, soil type, existing land
use, degree of soil erosion, etc.)
1.10 Disaster Prone Areas Discuss the natural hazards within and around the project area based on available
historical eruption, floods and droughts. Can be presented in map form.
2.0 Water Characteristics
2.1 Location and Size of Surface Indicate the important surface water resources within and around the site.
Resources Includes location and extent of lakes, reservoir, rivers, irrigation canals, and
wetlands. These are best presented using a map.
2.2 Marine/Coastal Resources Provide information on the coastal and marine resources of the area such as
mangroves, coral reefs, sea grasses, and aquaculture resources.
2.3 General Groundwater Provide information on the water table, location of wells and springs, aquifer
Information recharge and discharge rates, groundwater yield and groundwater.
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 AREA ECOLOGICAL PROFILE
Data/Information Description
2.4 Water Use and Regulation Describe the observed water usage of springs, wells, and surface waters within
and around the site by the local population, i.e., bathing, washing, irrigation,
fishing, recreation, etc.
2.5 Surface Water/Stream Discuss the importance of the watershed as a source of water, or deterrent
Condition against flooding, etc.
2.6 Prevailing Tidal Fluctuations Discuss the prevailing tidal fluctuations in the area. Indicates location of
any tide gauging stations.
B. Biological Environment
1.0 Vegetation/Flora Describe the terrestrial and aquatic vegetation according to species
composition, population densities and distribution, species diversity, distribution
f vegetation types, standing crop, etc.
2.0 Fauna Describe the terrestrial and aquatic fauna according to species, population
densities and distribution, species diversity, productivity, etc.
C. Socio-Cultural Environment
2.0 Quality of the Urban or Rural Discuss in detail the existing general setting where the site is situated to assess
Setting the impact of any site development especially in a well-established settlement
pattern where potential problems may arise due to the introduction of the new
development. People‟s perceptions especially about the existing quality of life
within the area should be recorded for future reference.
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 AREA ECOLOGICAL PROFILE
Data/Information Description
3.0 People living in and Discuss the behavioral settings around the project area including the people who live around the
Around Project Area project area, the number of structures around the project area and their approximate age,
condition and the way they are laid out.
4.0 History of the project area Discuss the historical transformation of the site from the point of view of its changing landscape
and significance. Indicates historical objects or sites of interest on or near the site.
5.0 Land ownership and Discuss legal control over the use of the land and how they might affect the site as well as the
Planning controls land immediately adjacent to it. Incorporate legal mandates (i.e., regulations on densities, FAR,
open land retention, parking, etc.) or restrictions on what may be built on the site.
6.0 Landmarks Discuss distinct features, natural or man-made, which stand outs from the general scene or are
remembered by people.
7.0 Landscape Character Discuss the landscape character or visual attributes within and around the project area especially
those that cannot be controlled such as mountains, or the community‟s cultural heritage and the
way the people have used or maintained the land within the constraints of their local
environment. Discusses the factors that operate to keep the landscape looking as it does.
8.0 Views Discusses the natural and man-made elements, patterns, textures and colors within and around
the project area which could be preserved, enhanced or screened.
9.0 Power and Utilities Utility trunks and distribution lines for electricity, water, drainage, sewerage
10.0 Roads and Access Major transport channels and the areas serviced by them
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 CLUSTERED DEVELOPMENT

• “Clustered Development” is a masterplan that integrates commercial,

residential, and other compatible mixed uses

• Characteristics
– quality exterior design; architecturally compatible
structures
 –located along an arterial roadway and

transit corridor near

center, and commercial or
centers community, employment 64
 CLUSTERED DEVELOPMENT
– minimal negative impact on
surrounding properties
–separation and screening
buildings between that
so
privacy in their residents
living units will enjoy
–building heights, noise, traffic and other
development-related impacts are
adequately mitigated to protect adjacent
property development
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 CLUSTERED DEVELOPMENT
– also provide for non-motorized and
pedestrian circulation, access and
facilities.
– ground level landscaping
substantial
and buffering, preservation of
areas, substantial natural
stands Landscaping of
substantial
should of the be
element a
total exterior appearance,
creates an interesting and trees.
inviting
environment for residents, and softens
the appearance of concrete structures.
66
 CLUSTERED DEVELOPMENT

–Has a variety of recreational facilities

•Many newer residential developments

on suburban fringes are planned and built
as complete neighborhoods by private
development companies

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 PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENT
• “Planned Unit Development (PUD) is an
integrated development scheme
wherein project site is comprehensively
planned as a unitary entity such that
innovations in site and building design
merit flexibility in zoning category, usually
suspension of standard zoning and its
replacement by negotiated agreements
with the LGU.
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 PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENT
•A PUD a
requires the entire area,
development plan comprehensive
usually for
residences, roads,
including recreational facilities and service
schools,
areas, plus commercial, office and
industrial areas,
complementarity of building typessiting,
building and
land uses, usable open spaces and the
preservation of significant natural land
features designed within the context of
balance ecology.” 58
 PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENT
• The purpose of PUD is to provide property owners the
flexibility to plan for the development of their land in a manner
that clusters new homes onto small lots while preserving large
areas for agricultural use or as undeveloped open space.
• PUD provisions can specify the percentage of land that
should be set aside (not subdivided into building lots or
developed).
• The minimum set aside is typically 40% or more of the original
parcel.
59
 PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENT
• PUD standards may include requirements for easements
and/or deed restrictions to prevent additional development.
• Municipalities can require a management plan for open
spaces or natural areas to be held in some form of common
ownership.

71
 Clustered vs Planned Unit Development (PUD)
 CLUSTERED DEVELOPMENT PUD
masterplan that integrates commercial, residential & other integrated development scheme wherein
compatible mixed uses
a project site is comprehensively planned
 characteristics
as a unitary entity such that innovations in site
‣ quality exterior design; architecturally compatible structures and building design merit flexibility in zoning category,
‣ located along an arterial roadway and transit corridor and usually suspension of standard zoning and its
near commercial center, community, or employment centers replacement by negotiated agreements with the LGU
‣ minimal negative impact on surrounding properties requires a comprehensive development plan for
‣ separation and screening between buildings so that residents the entire area, usually including residences, roads,
will enjoy privacy in their living units schools, recreational facilities and service areas, plus
‣ building heights, noise, traffic and other development- commercial, office and industrial areas, building
related impacts are adequately mitigated to protect adjacent siting, complementarity of building types and land
property development uses, usable open spaces and the preservation of
‣ also provide for non-motorized and pedestrian circulation, significant natural land features designed within the
access and facilities. context of balance ecology.”
‣ substantial ground level landscaping and buffering, preservation •density bonuses
of natural areas, substantial stands of trees. Landscaping should be a
substantial element of the total exterior appearance, creates an •purpose of PUD is to provide
interesting and inviting environment for residents, and softens the
appearance of concrete structures. property owners the flexibility to plan
‣ Has a variety of recreational facilities
for the development of their land in a manner
that clusters new homes onto
72 small lots while
‣ mostly new residential developments on suburban fringes preserving large areas for agricultural use or as
are developed as complete neighborhoods by private developers undeveloped open space.
 PUD and Density Bonuses
• Municipalities can be creative and use density bonuses as
a “carrot” to promote a range of community goals and
increase use of PUD provisions.
• A density bonus of 1.0% for every additional 0.5% of the
original parcel set aside as undevelopable above the
minimum 40% set aside required

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 PUD and Density Bonuses
• To encourage clustering and conserving large blocks of
undeveloped lands, density bonuses are linked to the
percentage of the original parcel being set aside. The more
land the subdivider is willing to conserve, the greater the
bonus received.
• The density bonus results in more lots or units than would
otherwise be allowed based on zoning district regulations.

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PUD and Density Bonuses

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CIRCULATION
Movement of people and vehicles within
the site
Information on existing circulation
patterns is critical in order to minimize, if
not eliminate, potential increase in the
level of congestion, traffic hazards, and
other inconveniences related to the
proposed development
Traffic hazards are associated with high
speed, heavy circulation and
dangerous roads and intersections
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CIRCULATION
Vehicular Circulation should have
adequate width and slope to
accommodate anticipated number
and types of vehicles
Pedestrians should be wide enough to
accommodate two-way traffic
Road hierarchy helps define zones
‣ Road Right-of-Way (RROW):
carriageway + sidewalk/s
Traffic Impact Analysis
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 STREETS
• Practical minimum distance between intersections on the
major arterial highway should be 250 to 300 meters.
• NO through streets should be provided
• All circulation should be directed around the periphery of
the development to the major arterial road.
• Each land of traffic will carry from 600 to 800 cars
per hour.

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 STREETS
• Horizontal alignment of all collector, minor, loop and access
streets – minimum of 60 feet in clear distance
• Vertical alignment should not exceed a grade differential of
6 to 8 percent.
• Sidewalks when used should be a minimum of 1.20 m wide.
• When trees are planted between the curb and the
sidewalk should be set back approximately 8 feet.
• If no trees are used the setback should be 1.20 m.
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 STREETS
A street grid provides
many advantages:
• Walkability is improved through
increased connections and
shorter street segments.
• On street parking reduces the
need for large surface
parking lots.
• Traffic is dispersed, with more
options for planning your route.
• The grid is transit and bicycle
friendly. Image: Peter Calthorpe
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 TYPES OF STREETS
Major Roads or
Major
Arterials

Secondary Roads or
Minor Arterials

Collector Streets

Loca
l
St 81

re
STREET PATTERNS

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 Parking Related Laws and Regulations

National Building Code (NBC)

The Subdivision and Condominium Buyer‟s Protective Decree (PD 957)

National Building Code:

 1 slot per 8 living units (less than 50 m2)
 1 slot per 4 units (50-100 m2)
 1 slot per unit (>100m2)
 MACEA guidelines (Makati): 1 slot per 100
m2 GFA
 OCA guidelines (Ortigas): 1 slot per 90 m2
Short Course on Environmental Planning DCERP & HUMEIN Phils. Inc. 83
Site Planning
FOR A SAMPLE
RESIDENTIAL
DEVELOPMENT

84
Site Planning
FOR A SAMPLE
RESIDENTIAL
DEVELOPMENT

85
 READING ASSIGNMENTS:

• National Building Code

• PD 957 and BP 220
• HLURB enhanced guidebook
• UDHA (RA 7279)
• Water Code (PD 1067)

86
 REFERENCES:
• “Site Planning and Analysis” Retrieved from
http://www.rri.wvu.edu/webbook/mcbride/section3.html
• “Introduction to Site Planning” Muhammad Salaha Uddin, Khulna University of Engineering &
Technology. Retrieved from
http://www.kuet.ac.bd/webportal/ppmv2/uploads/1403705050lecture_01.pdf
• Rye, D.S. Lecture notes on Site Planning
• Cultural Attributes in Site Planning PPT
• Art of Site Planning PPT
• Ekistics Site Planning and Urban Design PPT by A. Cadavos
• “Site Planning” Retrieved from
http://www.slideshare.net/xthianescala/site-planning-kevin- lynch
• Ces Orquina. Settlements, Urban Design & Site Planning

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THANK YOU!