8085 PPT 1

8085 Microprocessor
• 8 Bit CPU
• 3-6Mhz
• Simpler design: Single Cycle CPU
• ISA = Pre x86 design (Semi CISC)
• 40 Pin Dual line Package
• 16 bit address
• 6 registers: B, C, D, E, H,L
• Accumulator 8 bit
8085 Microprocessor Architecture
ReSeT6.5
INTR INTA RST5.5 RST7.5 TRAP SID SOD
Interrupt Control Serial I/O Control
Bus 8 Bit
MUX
ACC tmp R
IR W Z
B C
Flag
I Decode D E
& H L
M/C
ALU Encodin
SP
g PC
Inc/Dec. ter
Add latch
Timing and Control Add Buff Data/Add Buff

The internal architecture of the 8085
microprocessor determines how and what
operations can be performed with the data
operations are,
 Store 8-bit data.
 Perform arithmetic and logical operations.
 Test for conditions.
 Sequence the execution of instructions.
 Store data temporarily in read write memory
called stack.
Regist
ers
The 8085 has 6 general purpose registers to store 8-
bit data during program execution.
These 6 registers are identified as B, C, D, E, H and
L.
They can be combined as register pairs BC, DE and
HL to perform some 16-bit operations.
These registers are programmable. It can use to
load or transfer data from the registers by using
instructions.
Accumula
tor
 The accumulator (A) is an 8-bit register that is

part of ALU.
 It is used to store 8-bit data and to perform ALU
operations.
 The result of an operation is stored in
Accumulator.
 The Accumulator is identified as register A.
 The data on which operations is to be performed
is operand. One of the operands must be
Program
Counter (PC)
This 16-bit register deals with sequencing the
execution of instructions.
This register is a memory pointer. Memory locations
have 16-bit address.
The microprocessor uses this register to sequence the
execution of the instructions.
The function of the program counter is to point to the
memory address from which the next byte is to be
fetched.
Stack
Pointer (SP)
The stack pointer is also a 16-bit register, used as

a memory pointer.
It points to a memory location in R/W memory,
called stack.
The beginning of the stack is defined by loading
16- bit address in the stack pointer.
Timing and
control unit
 This unit synchronizes all the microprocessor

operations with the clock and generates the
control signal necessary for communication
between the microprocessor and peripherals.
 The control signals are similar to a sync pulse
in an oscilloscope. The and signals are sync
pulses indicating the availability of data on the
data bus.
Instruction register and
Decoder
 The instruction register and decoder are part of
the ALU.
 When an instruction is fetched from the
memory it is loaded in to the instruction
register.
 The decoder decodes the instruction and
establishes the sequence of events to follow.
 The instruction register is not programmable
and cannot be accessed by any instruction.
Register
Array
 There are two additional registers called
temporary registers W and Z, which are included
in the register array along with programmable
registers namely B, C, D, E, H, L, SP and PC.
 These registers are used to hold 8-bit data during
the execution of instructions. However, they are
used internally by microprocessor, they are
available to the program.
MUX /
DEMUX unit
 This unit is used to select a register out of all the
available registers.
 This unit behaves as Multiplexer (MUX) when
data going from the register to the internal data
bus.
 It behaves as Demultiplexer(DEMUX) when data
is coming to a register from the internal data bus
of the processor.
 The register select will behave as the function of
Address
Buffer
This is an 8-bit unidirectional buffer.

It is used to drive external high order address bus
(A15 – A8).
It is also used to tri-state the high order address
bus under certain conditions such as reset, hold,
halt and when address lines are not in use.
Address / Data
Buffer
This is an 8-bit bi-directional buffer.

It is used to drive multiplexed address/data bus.
i.e., low order address bus (A7-A0) and data bus
(D7-D0).
It is also to tri-state the multiplexed address/data
bus under certain conditions such as reset, hold,
halt and when the bus is not in use.
Incrementer/Decrementer
address latch
 This 16-bit register is used to increment

or decrement the contents of program
counter or stack pointer as part of
execution of instructions related to them.
Flag register
 The ALU includes five flip-flops, which are set
(or) reset after an operation according to data
condition of the result in the accumulator and
other registers.
 They are called Zero (Z), Carry (CY), Sign (S),
Parity (P) and Auxiliary Carry (AC) flags.
 Their bit positions in the flag register are shown
in Fig. The microprocessor uses these flags to test
data conditions.
The 8085 Bus Structure
A15
Address Bus (16bit)
A0
Memory I/P
8085
MPU O/P
D7
Data Bus (8bit)
D0
Control Bus (8bit)

8085 Bus Structure
• Address Bus : Consists of 16 address lines: A0 – A15
– Address locations: 0000 (hex) – FFFF (hex)
– Can access 64K ( = 216 ) bytes of memory, each byte has 8 bits
– Can access 64K  8 bits of memory
– Use memory to map I/O, Same instructions to use for
accessing I/O devices and memory
• Data Bus : Consists of 8 data lines: D0 – D7
– Operates in bidirectional mode
– The data bits are sent from the MPU to I/O & vice versa
– Data range: 00 (hex) – FF (hex)
• Control Bus:
– Consists of various lines carrying the control signals
such as read / write enable, flag bits

8085 PPT 1

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8085 Microprocessor

Interrupt Control Serial I/O Control

Timing and Control Add Buff Data/Add Buff

 The accumulator (A) is an 8-bit register that is

The stack pointer is also a 16-bit register, used as

 This unit synchronizes all the microprocessor

This is an 8-bit unidirectional buffer.

This is an 8-bit bi-directional buffer.

 This 16-bit register is used to increment

Control Bus (8bit)

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