Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 9 views

    The United Nations An Introduction

    Uploaded by

    Uswa Azhar

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    The United Nations An Introduction

    Uploaded by

    Uswa Azhar
    9 views13 pages

    Original Title

    The-United-Nations-An-Introduction

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    9 views13 pages

    The United Nations An Introduction

    Uploaded by

    Uswa Azhar

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    The United Nations: An

    Introduction
    The United Nations is an intergovernmental organization founded in 1945 to promote
    international cooperation and maintain global peace and security. As a central hub for
    harmonizing the actions of nations, the UN provides a forum for dialogue, policymaking, and
    collective action on a wide range of issues.

    by Syed Fatim Ali Shah

    Wajahat E Rasool

    Malaika Shamsuddin

    Uzair Kashif

    Nehal shahid

    Alina Butt

    Hafiz Ali Asgar


    Origins of the United Nations

    Wartime Origins San Francisco Guiding Principles


    Conference
    The United Nations was The UN's founding principles
    founded in 1945, during the The UN Charter was drafted at include promoting human
    final stages of World War II, by a conference in San Francisco rights, developing friendly
    51 countries committed to and signed on June 26, 1945 by relations among nations, and
    maintaining international peace representatives from 50 achieving international
    and security. countries, marking the official cooperation to solve global
    establishment of the United issues.
    Nations.
    Founding Principles and Purposes

    1 Maintaining International Peace 2 Developing Friendly Relations


    and Security Among Nations
    The UN was established to prevent the The UN promotes cooperation and dialogue
    recurrence of the devastating world wars between countries, aiming to build a world
    that had plagued the early 20th century. Its of mutual understanding and trust. It seeks
    primary purpose is to maintain international to resolve disputes through peaceful means
    peace and security through diplomacy, and strengthen international law.
    mediation, and collective action.

    3 Encouraging Respect for Human 4 Fostering International


    Rights Cooperation
    Protecting and promoting human rights is a The UN provides a forum for countries to
    core principle of the UN. It aims to work together on global issues such as
    safeguard the fundamental freedoms and economic development, social progress,
    dignity of all people, regardless of race, and environmental protection. It facilitates
    gender, religion, or nationality. multilateral cooperation and collective
    problem-solving.
    Structure and Organs of the UN
    General Assembly Security Council
    The UN General Assembly is the main The UN Security Council is responsible for
    deliberative, policymaking, and representative maintaining international peace and security.
    organ of the United Nations. All member states Its 15 members include 5 permanent members
    have a voice and a vote in this legislative body. with veto power and 10 non-permanent
    members.

    Secretariat Specialized Agencies


    The UN Secretariat is the administrative The UN has many specialized agencies like the
    backbone of the organization, carrying out the World Health Organization, UNESCO, and the
    day-to-day work of the UN. It is headed by the World Bank that focus on specific areas of
    Secretary-General, the chief administrative global cooperation and development.
    officer.
    UN Membership and Representation
    Membership Representation

    The United Nations currently has 193 member Each member state is represented in the UN
    states, with the latest addition being South Sudan General Assembly, where each country has one
    in 2011. Membership is open to all "peace-loving vote. The Security Council has 15 members, with
    states" that accept the obligations of the UN 5 permanent members (China, France, Russia, the
    Charter and are able and willing to carry them UK, and the US) and 10 non-permanent members
    out. elected for 2-year terms.
    The UN General Assembly
    The UN General Assembly is the main
    deliberative, policymaking, and representative
    organ of the United Nations. It is composed of all
    193 Member States and serves as a forum for
    multilateral discussion of international issues.

    The General Assembly meets in regular annual


    sessions and in special sessions when necessary. It
    makes recommendations on issues ranging from
    international peace and security to economic
    development and human rights.
    The UN Security Council
    The United Nations Security Council is the most powerful organ of the UN,
    responsible for maintaining international peace and security. It consists of 15
    members, with 5 permanent members (China, France, Russia, the UK, and the
    US) and 10 non-permanent members elected for 2-year terms.

    The Security Council has the authority to investigate disputes, impose sanctions,
    and authorize military action. Its resolutions are binding on all UN member
    states, making it a crucial tool for global conflict resolution and peacekeeping
    efforts.
    The UN Economic and Social Council
    The United Nations Economic and Social Council
    (ECOSOC) is one of the principal organs of the
    United Nations. It is responsible for coordinating
    the economic, social, and related work of the UN
    and its specialized agencies.

    ECOSOC serves as the central forum for


    discussing international economic and social
    issues, and for formulating policy
    recommendations addressed to member states and
    the United Nations system.
    The UN Human Rights Council

    Promoting Universal Addressing Global Upholding the Universal


    Human Rights Concerns Declaration
    The UN Human Rights Council The Council convenes regular Established in 2006, the
    is the principal sessions to discuss urgent Council's work is guided by the
    intergovernmental body human rights issues, investigate principles of the Universal
    responsible for promoting and allegations of abuses, and pass Declaration of Human Rights,
    protecting human rights resolutions aimed at improving promoting fundamental
    worldwide. It works to address the human rights situation in freedoms and advocating for the
    violations and make different countries. dignity of all people.
    recommendations to the UN
    General Assembly.
    The UN's Role in Global Peacekeeping
    1 Conflict Resolution
    The UN plays a crucial role in mediating conflicts and facilitating negotiations between
    warring parties to reach peaceful resolutions.

    2 Peacekeeping Missions
    UN peacekeeping operations deploy military and civilian personnel to monitor ceasefires,
    protect civilians, and support the implementation of peace agreements.

    3 Humanitarian Aid
    The UN coordinates the delivery of vital food, shelter, and medical supplies to populations
    affected by conflicts and natural disasters worldwide.
    Veto Power and Countries That Have It
    Permanent UNSC Utilizing the Veto Controversial Use
    Members
    These countries can The veto power has at times
    The 5 permanent members unilaterally block any been criticized as an
    of the UN Security Council UNSC resolution they undemocratic mechanism
    - the United States, Russia, oppose, allowing them to that can obstruct necessary
    China, the United Kingdom, shape global affairs and international action,
    and France - hold veto maintain influence on the especially regarding human
    power over any substantive world stage. rights issues and armed
    UNSC resolution. conflicts.
    Controversial Use of the Veto Power
    Geopolitical Interests
    Permanent UNSC members use veto to protect their own interests
    1

    Obstruction of Action
    2 Veto can block resolutions addressing urgent
    humanitarian crises

    Lack of Accountability
    3 Veto power is seen as undemocratic and
    unaccountable

    The veto power held by the permanent members of the UN Security Council has at times been criticized for
    its controversial use. Permanent members have used this power to shield their own geopolitical interests,
    even when it obstructs necessary international action on pressing humanitarian issues. This lack of
    accountability has led to calls for reform of the veto mechanism to make the UNSC more democratic and
    responsive to global concerns.
    Examples of the UN Security Council Veto

    The UN Security Council's veto power has been used numerous times by its permanent members to block
    resolutions on a wide range of global issues. These examples highlight how the veto has been a controversial
    tool, at times shielding national interests over pressing humanitarian concerns.

    Syrian Civil War: Russia has repeatedly used its veto to protect the Assad regime, blocking efforts to
    impose sanctions or refer the situation in Syria to the International Criminal Court.

    Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: The US has vetoed dozens of resolutions critical of Israel's treatment of
    Palestinians, preserving its close diplomatic alliance.

    Crimea Annexation: Russia vetoed a Security Council resolution declaring Crimea's 2014 secession from
    Ukraine illegal, legitimizing its annexation of the peninsula.

    You might also like