6 Design Criteria V11-SYKES

GNG1103 – Engineering Design
GNG1503 – Génie de la conception

Benchmarking, Design Criteria and Specifications
Created by: Hanan Anis, Patrick Dumond, David Knox; Presented by: Emmanuel Bouendeu, David Knox, Muslim
Majeed, Rubina Lakhani. Jim Sykes
http://www.mason-uk.co.uk/images/Specification1.jpg
Faculté de génie | Faculty of Engineering

uOttawa.ca
Agenda
• Engineering design specification:
– Problem Definition (recap)
– User needs  design criteria
– Benchmarking
– Developing design specifications
genie.uOttawa.ca | engineering.uOttawa.ca
Housekeeping
• CAD lab needs a mouse and Arduino lab needs a kit,
which you need to buy/pick up
• Q: Everyone in a project group now with 4-6 people?
– Has anyone not checked in with their group yet?
Turning User Needs Into a Problem Definition
EMPATHIZE IDEATE
DEFINE PROTOTYP
E
TEST
Design Thinking Process
Iterative
Image from: http://dschool.stanford.edu
Problem definition a p
R ec
“A need exists for ski patrollers to
safely and easily transport injured
persons down a ski-hill with a
portable device that is easy to
control, compact and cost effective
for owners”
Turning User Needs
into
Design Criteria
What are Design Criteria?
• A precise description of what the product has to be
based on interpreted needs, also called:
– “Requirements”
– “Characteristics”
• Functional Requirements: Design criteria that
affect the solution’s “function”
(if measurable, then also provide a metric)
• Non-Functional Requirements: Are design criteria
that do not affect the “function” of the solution
• Constraints: Set of important considerations that
must be taken into account in your design
What is a Metric?
• Metrics are a list of measurable attributes you want
your solution to have (i.e., weight, size, speed,
impact resistance, etc.)
• Metrics have readily identifiable units of measure
• Metrics can be used to measure solution
performance
• Metrics are obtained from
– Functional design criteria
(“Musts” i.e., mandatory and “Wants” i.e., would be nice)
– Benchmarking (what is the competition doing?)
Engineering Design Specifications
• Target Specifications are numerical values based on
defined metrics desired of potential solutions
• Create a list of Design Criteria based on
interpreted user needs
• Do product (Technical) Benchmarking
– Look at other products that satisfy some / all needs
– Gather data about those products
• Set Target Specifications:
– Set values considered to be ideal
– Set values considered to be acceptable
Translating Needs to Design Criteria
a p
• Last lecture we developed a list of needs
R ec
– Now define specific design criteria for evaluating solutions
Number Need Design Criteria
1 The stretcher can be controlled
2 The stretcher is easy to stop
The stretcher is capable of
3
stopping when out of control
4 The stretcher is low cost
5 The stretcher is light weight
6 Compact in size when stored
Compact in size when carried
7
up the hill
Communication and Feedback
Q: Which kind of communication is “best”?
• Face-to-face or physical
• Phone (video)
• Phone (voice)
• Email
• Other?
Images: https://www.voices.com/blog/telephone_voice_overs/ (Voice Call)
https://www.themuse.com/advice/why-your-handshake-matters-and-how-to-get-it-right (Handshake)
https://parade.com/1010666/jessicasager/best-video-chatting-apps/ (phone video)
https://medium.com/@ilonacodes/how-to-start-a-successful-email-conversation-e57a2bcbdd43
genie.uOttawa.ca | engineering.uOttawa.ca (email)
Group activity 1: Translate Needs
into Design Criteria (10min)
• Do this in your project groups
• Develop design criteria, based
on the interpreted needs
• Think of other important design
criteria!
Translating Needs into Design Criteria
# Need Design Criteria
ETY Weight (lbs)
F
SA
1 The stretcher can be controlled Steering control
T Y Stretcher shape
A FE Stopping distance (ft)
2 The stretcher is easy to stop S
Gradient braking
The stretcher is capable of ETY
F
3 SA Fail-safe braking
stopping when out of control
4 The stretcher is low cost Y
Cost ($)
5 The stretcher is light weight F ET Weight (lbs)
SA
6 Compact in size when stored Collapsed volume (in3)
Compact in size when carried up Maximum length (in)
7
the hill Maximum width (in)
Design Criteria and Constraints (Case Study)
• Functional requirements – Weight (lbs)
– Transport a person across snowy – Cost ($)
terrain – Size when deployed (LxWxH ft)
– Weight supported (lbs) – Size when collapsed (ft3)
– Fail-safe braking – Operating conditions: temperature
– Gradient braking (°C)
– Quick set-up time (min) – Operating conditions: snow, ice
– Stability (stretcher shape) and slush
• Non-functional requirements
– Aesthetics
– Product life (years)
– Corrosion and UV resistance
– Safety: minimal pinch points
– Safety: ability to use gloves
– Reliability
• Constraints
Benchmarking
Benchmarking
• Two kinds of benchmarking data:
– Benchmarking competitive products in terms of
customers’ perceptions (User Benchmarking)
– Benchmarking competitive products in terms of
technical performance (Technical Benchmarking)
• To create a competitively superior product, the
team must know what the competition can do
• There are opportunities to learn specific design
approaches by observing competitors’ products
Examples: Technical vs User
Benchmarking
• Technical Benchmarking:
– Internet Search (product specifications)
– Other?
• User Benchmarking:
– Review “similar” users or users for “similar” products
– Ideally, you would get feedback from “early adopter”
types of users (or, directly, from your own test users)
– Internet Search (Amazon reviews, blogs)
– Other?
Group Activity 2: Benchmarking
Exercise (10min)
• In your same groups, go through one of these
products and do some benchmarking
– Franco Garda: https://youtu.be/tGKXKnAiY5c
– Cascade Model 100:
http://www.cascade-rescue.com/products/cascade-toboggan
-model-100-the-legend.html
– Edge SD: http://www.edgerescue.com/new-page-95
• Discuss relative advantages and disadvantages of each of
these, based on very quick benchmarking
Benchmarking
Rescue
Device
Edge SD Model 100 Franco Garda Stretcher
Specifications
Company Edge Rescue Cascade Rescue TSL Rescue
Cost $1,734 (CAD) $1,916 (CAD) $9,400 (CAD)

Weight 51 (lb) depending on add-ons 65 (lb) 40 (lb)
Tub Material Kevlar Composite Composite TWINTEX composite shell,
stainless steel frame
Tub Shape Flat bottom with a slightly Flat bottom Flat bottom
raised center
Lateral Stability Stainless Steel Running Fins Stainless Steel Running Fins Aluminum blades
Stored Size 96.5 x 8 x 12 in 91 x 21.5 x 5 in 41.5 x 21 x 10 in

Deployed Size 157 x 24 x 12 in 150 x 21.5 x 5 in Not Specified
Braking System Chain Brake Chain Brake/Parking spike Rope (Chain) Brake
Failsafe None Parking spike None
Steering Assistance None None Flex rubber joints
Group Activity 3: Best Specs (5min)
• Now that we know the specifications (specs)
of various competitor products, which are the
best specs among these ski-hill rescue
devices?
– In your groups, take 5 min and figure out which
specs are “better” and why (Start with previous table!)
The Best Specifications
• Let’s evaluate each spec and see which ones are
“better” on a scale of 1-3 (3=green, 2=yellow, 1=red)
• Better specs will depend on your user needs and
priorities
• Remember how we prioritized the needs? Apply
that concept to the competitions’ specifications
• Multiply the weight of each spec with its value
• Add them together for each existing product
• Compare the 3 existing products
Benchmarking
Rescue
Franco Garda
Device Edge SD Model 100
Stretcher
Specifications
Cost $1,764 (CAD) $1,916 (CAD) $9,400 (CAD)
Weight 51 (lb) 65 (lb) 40 (lb)
Stored Size 96.5 x 8 x 12 in 91 x 21.5 x 5 in 41.5 x 21 x 10 in

Chain Brake/Parking
Braking System Chain Brake Rope (Chain) Brake
spike
Steering Assistance None None Flex rubber joints
Benchmarking
Rescue
Device Importance Franco Garda
Edge SD Model 100
(weight) Stretcher
Specifications
Cost 2 3 2 1
Weight 3 2 1 3
Stored Size 2 1 2 3
Braking System 5 2 3 2
Steering Assistance 5 2 2 3
Total 34 36 42
n
E b a sed o ce
CTIV rtan
SUBJE ce of impo
genie.uOttawa.ca | engineering.uOttawa.ca hoi
OUR c
Developing
Design
Specifications
Setting Target Specifications
• From the list of design criteria and based on
benchmarking, set target specifications by defining
ideal and acceptable values
Examples (ideal “perfect world” values or range of values):
– Exactly X
– A list of discrete values
– The “sweet spot” in a range of values
Examples (marginally-acceptable “on the edge” values):

– At least X
– At most X
– Between X and Y
– No worse than…
Engineering Design Specifications (EDS) Template
Design Specifications Relation Value Units Verification

(=, < or >) Method
Functional Requirements
1
2
Constraints
3
4
Non-Functional Requirements
5
6
Group Activity 4: Developing EDS*
for Ski-Hill Rescue Device (10min)
• In your groups use the engineering design
specifications template to develop EDS for
the ski-hill rescue device
– Use the user needs from last lecture
– Use benchmarking information
* EDS: Engineering Design Specifications

EDS: Functional Requirements
(=, < or >) Method
Functional Requirements
1 Transport a person across = yes N/A Test
snowy terrain
2 Weight supported > 250 lbs Analysis, final
test
3 Fail-safe braking = yes N/A Test
4 Gradient braking = yes N/A Test
5 Quick set-up time < 5 min Test
6 Stability (stretcher shape) = yes N/A Test
EDS: Constraints
(=, < or >) Method
Constraints
1 Weight < 60 lbs Analysis
2 Cost < 1,500 $ Estimate, final
check
3 Size when deployed = 8x2x1.5 ft Analysis
4 Size when collapsed < 24 ft3 Analysis
5 Operating conditions: = -40 to 25 °C Test
temperature
6 Operating conditions: snow, = yes N/A Test
ice and slush
EDS: Non-Functional Requirements
(=, < or >) Method
Non-Functional Requirements
1 Aesthetics = yes N/A Test
2 Product life > 7 years Test
3 Corrosion and UV = yes N/A Test
resistance
4 Safety: minimal pinch = yes N/A Test
points
5 Safety: ability to use gloves = yes N/A Test
6 Reliability = yes N/A Test
Summary
• Once problem has been identified, next step
is to develop a set of design criteria
• Those design criteria are based on the user
needs, as well as benchmarking of the
competition.
• The design criteria should include functional
and non-functional requirements, as well as
constraints
• If functional requirements can be represented
using units of measure, then they are metrics

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GNG1103 – Engineering Design

GNG1503 – Génie de la conception

Faculté de génie | Faculty of Engineering

Cost $1,734 (CAD) $1,916 (CAD) $9,400 (CAD)

Stored Size 96.5 x 8 x 12 in 91 x 21.5 x 5 in 41.5 x 21 x 10 in

Cost $1,764 (CAD) $1,916 (CAD) $9,400 (CAD)

Weight 51 (lb) 65 (lb) 40 (lb)

Stored Size 96.5 x 8 x 12 in 91 x 21.5 x 5 in 41.5 x 21 x 10 in

Examples (marginally-acceptable “on the edge” values):

Design Specifications Relation Value Units Verification

* EDS: Engineering Design Specifications

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