Types of Estimate and Common Terminologies

Outlines..
• Types Of estimate
• Objective
• Approximate estimate
• Plinth area method
• Cubical content method
• Unit base method
• Detailed Estimate
• Assignments
• Learning Outcomes
• Student effective learning outcomes
• References
Types of estimate?..
ESTIMATES CAN BE BROADLY DIVIDED INTO TWO
CATEGORIES
APPROXIMATE DETAILED ESTIMATE

ESTIMATE
 Strictly speaking all the estimates are more or less approximate, because
the actual cost of construction cannot be known until it is completed in all
respects.
Approximate Estimate..
This approximate estimate is prepared for preliminary studies of the

various aspects of the work and also to decide the financial position and
policy for administrative approval by competent sanctioning authority.
In case of commercial projects such as residential buildings, irrigation and

power projects that earn revenue, the probable income is also mentioned
and the investment in the project is justified.
If the project is non-commercial, having no direct return, its necessity,

utility, prospects in future and availability of finance etc. are considered
before final decision is taken.
This estimate is prepared on the basis of practical experience of carrying

out similar works in the past and their rates.
In this estimate, the approximate cost of all important works such as cost
of land, roads, buildings, water supply, sanitary works, electrification etc.
are mentioned separately.
A brief report of the project indicating its necessity, utility and method of
arriving at the cost of each item and the site or layout plan is also enclosed
with the estimate.
The approximate estimates is created with the following methods :-
Plinth area method
Cubical contents methods
Unit base method

Plinth Area method..
The cost of construction is set by multiplying
plinth area with plinth area rate. The area is
produced by multiplying the length and
breadth (exterior dimensions of the building).
While settling the plinth area rate, careful
examination and vital enquiries are provided
with regards to quality and quantity aspect of
materials & labor, type of foundation, height
of building, roof, wood work, fixtures,
number of stories etc.
According to IS 3861-1966, the following

areas should be taken into consideration at
the time of measuring the plinth area of the
building :
Plinth Area method..
•Area of walls at floor level
•Internal shafts of sanitary installations not surpassing 2.0m2, lifts, air-
conditioning ducts etc
•Area of barsati at terrace level
Barsati stands for any covered space open on one side, constructed on one
side and on terraced roof which is applied as shelter throughout rainy
season.
•Porches of non cantilever type
•Areas which are excluded :-
•Area of lofts
•Unenclosed balconies
•Architectural bands, cornices etc
•Domes, towers projecting over terrace level
•Box louvers and vertical sun breakers
<SELO:
<Reference No.:R1>
2,8>
Cubical content method..
This method is normally applied for
multistoried buildings. It is more authentic as
compared to other two methods given above.
The cost of a structure is measured roughly
as the total cubical contents (volume of
buildings) multiplied with local cubic rate. To
get the volume of building, the formula is
used as Length x Breadth x Depth or Height.
The length and breadth are measured outside
to outside of the walls devoid of the plinth
off set.
The cost of string course, cornice, corbelling
etc. is omitted
The cost of building = Volume of buildings x
rate/unit volume
Unit base method..
As per this method, the cost of structure is
obtained by multiplying the total number of
units with unit rate of each item. For schools
and colleges, the unit considered to be as
‘one student’ and for hospital, the unit is ‘one
bed’. The unit rate is measured by dividing
the actual expenses done or cost of related
building in the adjacent locality by the
number of units.
<SELO: <Reference
2,8> No.:R1,R3>
Detailed Estimate..
This is the accurate method of estimating in which the entire building work
is subdivided into individual items of work
The quantities of each item of works are calculated from the complete set
of drawings (i.e. plan, elevation, sections etc.)
The abstract of the estimated cost is prepared by multiplying the quantities

of each of the above items by the rate of the completion of that item.
The rates of various items of work can be obtained from the ‘schedule of
rate’ prepared by the Government organization or from analyzed rates of
item.
<SELO:
<Reference No.:R2>
2,8>
Detailed Estimate..
In order to make provision for unforeseen expenditure for miscellaneous
petty items (for which no provision is made in the estimate) and
contingencies a 3 to 5% of the estimated cost is added to it.
An additional 1 to 2% is also provided for the work-charged establishment

i.e. for the salaries to be paid to the chawkidars, technical assistants,
supervisors etc. appointed by the Government (or owner) to look after the
work.
The grand total of all the above cost is known as the total estimated cost of
the proposed work.After the administrative approval for the work is
obtained, its detailed estimate is prepared and sent for obtaining technical
sanction from the appropriate competent Government authorities.
Detailed Estimate..
The detailed estimate is accompanied by the following documents:
A comprehensive report of the proposed work.
General specifications of the work.
Detailed specifications of various items of work.
Detailed working drawings consisting of plan, elevations, sections, details

of foundations etc. with site or layout plan.
Calculation and design of component parts of the work.
Analysis of rates for the items of work not included in the schedule of rate.
<SELO:
<Reference No.:R2>
2,8>

Types of Estimate and Common Terminologies

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Outlines..

APPROXIMATE DETAILED ESTIMATE

This approximate estimate is prepared for preliminary studies of the

In case of commercial projects such as residential buildings, irrigation and

If the project is non-commercial, having no direct return, its necessity,

This estimate is prepared on the basis of practical experience of carrying

The approximate estimates is created with the following methods :-

Plinth area method

Cubical contents methods

Unit base method

According to IS 3861-1966, the following

The abstract of the estimated cost is prepared by multiplying the quantities

An additional 1 to 2% is also provided for the work-charged establishment

A comprehensive report of the proposed work.

General specifications of the work.

Detailed specifications of various items of work.

Detailed working drawings consisting of plan, elevations, sections, details

Calculation and design of component parts of the work.

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