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    1 - Introduction & EM Energy

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    Mercy Thandiwe Madhi

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    1 - Introduction & EM Energy

    Uploaded by

    Mercy Thandiwe Madhi
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    1_Introduction & EM Energy

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    10 views34 pages

    1 - Introduction & EM Energy

    Uploaded by

    Mercy Thandiwe Madhi

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 34

    Remote Sensing

    GUMINDOGA W

    2022
    COURSE SUMMARY

    ❖ 1- Introduction & Definition of terms


    ❖ 2- EM energy and RS
    ❖ 3- Sensors, Platforms and Earth Resources Satellites
    ❖ 4 - Image Enhancement & Visualisation Practicals
    ❖ 5 –Digital Image Classification
    ❖ 6 -Applications of RS to your field of specialisation
    Introduction to Principles of
    Definitions
    Remote Sensing
    ❖Remote Sensing is the science of acquiring, processing
    and interpreting images that record the interaction
    between electromagnetic energy and matter.
    (Sabins, 1996)
    ❖Remote Sensing is the instrumentation, techniques and
    methods to observe the Earth’s surface at a distance
    and to interpret the images or numerical values
    obtained in order to acquire meaningful information
    of particular objects on Earth. (Buiten and Clevers,
    1993)
    Aim/goal of doing RS
    Inherent aspects of RS
    definitions
    Integrated data acquisition
    RS in Pictures
    Observation of water bodies.
    Lake Tana of Ethiopia (Landsat pseudo
    display)
    Synoptic overview (area covering) about the
    surface: Irrigated versus dry land agriculture
    Mapping small scale reservoirs in
    Gutu District
    Combining RS with DEM
    Urban sprawl: Implications on water
    use
    ◻ 1973 1987
    OTD in 1786, Columbia, the capital of South Carolina was founded.
    Happy 236th birthday!
    We deserve a break!!!!!!!!!!
    EM energy and RS
    The Remote Sensing Process
    Electro-Magnetic (EM) energy

    Lusch D.P, (1999)


    Electro-Magnetic (EM) energy
    Wavelength
    Frequency
    ❖ If a wave of water goes by, while you are sitting in a boat, you go up
    and down at a given rate.
    ❖ This rate is the frequency of the wave.
    ❖ Same analogy - with light waves, but instead of meters we talk about
    microns (or nanometres)
    Wave model
    ❖c = speed of EM energy (light)
    = 3*108 m s-1
    = 300 000 km s-1
    ❖λ = wavelength [m]
    ❖ν = frequency [s-1 or Hz]
    ❖light is considered as wave
    ❖wavelength (λ) & frequency (ν) have an inverse r/ship
    Quantum theory (Particle model)
    ❖Q = energy of 1 photon [J]
    ❖h = Plank’s constant
    = 6.6 * 10-34 [J s-1]
    ❖ν = frequency [s-1]
    ❖Light is considered as discrete particles (“photons”)
    ❖Photon energy (Q) and frequency (ν) have a positive
    relationship
    Combination of the theories

    ❖λ and Q have inverse relationship (since h and c are


    constants)
    The Remote Sensing Process
    The EM spectrum (bands)
    Passive / Active sensors
    Types of remote sensing

    □ Passive: source of □ Active: source of


    energy is either the Sun energy is part of the
    or Earth/atmosphere remote sensor system
    ■ Sun ■ Radar
    - wavelengths: 0.4-5 - wavelengths: mm-m
    µm ■ Lidar
    ■ Earth or its atmosphere - wavelengths: UV,
    - wavelengths: 3 µm - Visible, and near
    30 cm infrared

    Camera takes photo as example, no flash and


    Energy interactions in the
    atmosphere
    ❖The earth’s atmosphere has a profound effect on
    the intensity and spectral composition of EM
    passing through it, principally through the
    mechanisms of scattering and absorption
    ❖Scattering is unpredictable diffusion of radiation by
    particles in the atmosphere
    Ideal spectral reflectance curve of
    healthy vegetation
    Spectral curves of vegetation under
    stress
    Other (ideal) spectral reflectance curves
    What about other materials …?
    HOMEWORK: How about the spectral reflectance
    curves of other materials …?
    Goodbye & Blessings

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