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    Root Stem Transition

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    Raj Kumar
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    Root Stem Transition

    Uploaded by

    Raj Kumar
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    root stem transition

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    Root Stem Transition

    Uploaded by

    Raj Kumar
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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Seminar presentation on

    Root- stem transition, i.e. transition from root to stem

    Presented by
    Pallav Dutta
    Roll no -MSBOT002
    • Root and stem form continuous structure called axis( i.e. root-stem axis) which lies in a
    straight line. As anatomy of root and stem differs , there is naturally a region where root
    and stem meet and where the parts of one organ merge into those of another. In this
    region the transition from radial to conjoint type of bundles takes place. This region is
    known as transition region .The region is also known as hypocotyl region. In this
    region the metaxylem rotates by 180o around its longitudinal axis whereas
    protoxylem does not take part in rotation. The change of position involving inversion
    and twisting of xylem strands from exarch to endarch type is referred to as vascular
    transition and the part of the axis where these changes occur is called transition region.
    • Eames and MacDaneal (1947) described four types of root stem transition in plants.
    TYPES

    • TYPE A – In this ,each xylem strand of the radial vascular bundle of the root forks by radial division . The
    equally forked two branches of xylem swing laterally, one to the right and one to the left by 180o in their
    upward course and join phloem strands on the inner side. As a result the radial bundles with exarch xylem in the
    root become collateral with endarch xylem in the stem. In this type the number of primary bundles in the
    stem is equal to that of phloem strands present in the root. Example – Mirabilis, Fumaria etc.
    • Type B-In this type, both strands of the xylem as well as of the phloem fork equally by radial division, the
    forked branches of the xylem swing laterally by 180° in their upward course and join up with the phloem
    strands; as a result the xylem strands become inverted. The phloem branches remain in the same position. Thus
    the number of vascular bundles in the stem becomes double of that in the root. This type of vascular
    transition is very common in species of Cucurbita (Cucurbitaceae), Phaseolus (Leguminosae) etc.
    • Type C-In third type, xylem strands do not fork but run upwards to the stem swinging laterally by 180° and the
    phloem strands in the meantime divide, the divided branches swing laterally and ultimately join up with the
    xylem strands on the outer side. Hence the number of vascular bundles in this case remains the same as
    that of the phloem strands in the root. This is found in species of Lathyrus (Leguminosae), Phoenix
    (Palmae), Medicago (Leguminosae),etc.
    • Type D-The fourth type is rare, found in species of Anemarrhena (Liliaceae) and in few other
    monocotyledonous plants. Here half of the xylem strands fork and swing, the other half do not fork but become
    inverted; divided or forked xylem strands swing laterally by 180° and join up with the unforked xylem strands
    which in the meantime become inverted. The phloem strands do not fork, but simply unite in pairs with the
    triple xylem strands. Here the number of vascular bundles in stem is half that of the phloem in the root.

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