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    Morphology of The Leaf: H×NHTH Ihäc Thùc Vët

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    The document provides information about leaf morphology, types of leaf arrangement on stems, simple leaf structures, and leaf modifications. It discusses how leaves are specialized organs for photosynthesis, typically being flat and thin. Leaves can be arranged alternately, opposite, or whorled on stems. Simple leaf structures include blades, petioles, sheaths, and stipules. Leaf shapes can be oval, elliptical, lanceolate. Leaves can be modified into spines or tendrils for protection or climbing. Some plants like Venus flytraps and Nepenthes have evolved leaves that trap insects.

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    Morphology of The Leaf: H×NHTH Ihäc Thùc Vët

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    scribd_khanh
    28 views25 pages
    The document provides information about leaf morphology, types of leaf arrangement on stems, simple leaf structures, and leaf modifications. It discusses how leaves are specialized organs for photosynthesis, typically being flat and thin. Leaves can be arranged alternately, opposite, or whorled on stems. Simple leaf structures include blades, petioles, sheaths, and stipules. Leaf shapes can be oval, elliptical, lanceolate. Leaves can be modified into spines or tendrils for protection or climbing. Some plants like Venus flytraps and Nepenthes have evolved leaves that trap insects.

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    3. Leaves

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    The document provides information about leaf morphology, types of leaf arrangement on stems, simple leaf structures, and leaf modifications. It discusses how leaves are specialized organs for photosynthesis, typically being flat and thin. Leaves can be arranged alternately, opposite, or whorled on stems. Simple leaf structures include blades, petioles, sheaths, and stipules. Leaf shapes can be oval, elliptical, lanceolate. Leaves can be modified into spines or tendrils for protection or climbing. Some plants like Venus flytraps and Nepenthes have evolved leaves that trap insects.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    28 views25 pages

    Morphology of The Leaf: H×NHTH Ihäc Thùc Vët

    Uploaded by

    scribd_khanh
    The document provides information about leaf morphology, types of leaf arrangement on stems, simple leaf structures, and leaf modifications. It discusses how leaves are specialized organs for photosynthesis, typically being flat and thin. Leaves can be arranged alternately, opposite, or whorled on stems. Simple leaf structures include blades, petioles, sheaths, and stipules. Leaf shapes can be oval, elliptical, lanceolate. Leaves can be modified into spines or tendrils for protection or climbing. Some plants like Venus flytraps and Nepenthes have evolved leaves that trap insects.

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    h t h i h c t hc v t nh

    Morphology of the leaf

    A leaf is an above-ground plant organ specialized for the process of photosynthesis. For this purpose, a leaf is typically flat (laminar) and thin. As an evolutionary trait, the flatness of leaves works to expose the chloroplasts to more light and to increase the absorption of carbon dioxide at the expense of water loss.

    Types of arrangement on the stem


    Alternate: leaf attachments are singular at nodes, and leaves alternate direction, to a greater or lesser degree, along the stem.

    Opposite: Two structures, one on each opposite side of the stem, typically leaves, branches, or flower parts. Leaf attachments are paired at each node

    Opposite decussate if, as typical, each successive pair is rotated 90 progressing along the stem;

    Or Opposite distichous if not rotated, but tworanked (in the same geometric flat-plane).

    Whorled: three or more leaves attach at each point or node on the stem. As with opposite leaves, successive whorls may or may not be decussate, rotated by half the angle between the leaves in the whorl, etc.

    Simple leaves

    Blade (lamina) and petiole

    Simple leaves

    Sessile leaves

    Sheath

    Simple leaves

    Sheath and Stipules

    Simple leaves
    Common leaf shapes

    Simple leaves
    Common leaf shapes

    Leaflet

    Rachis

    Typical Dicot Leaf with Reticulate Venation

    Monocot Leaf: Note the Sheath which connects the Blade to the Stem and Parallel Venation

    Structure of the leaf


    Epidermis (adaxial and abaxial surfaces) Mesophyll Palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma Vascular system Veins - Venation

    Structure of the leaf


    Vascular system *Vascular Bundles are Distributed througout the Mesophyll *Veins - Venation Netted (reticulate) Venation Parallel Venation * Bundle Sheath * Bundle-sheath Extension

    Structure of the leaf


    Midvein and Blade

    The Midrib provides the principal Vascular Connection to the Stem. Their Vascular Organization vari es from Simple (one vascular bundle) to Complex.

    Midribs viewed with Bright-Field and Polarizing Optics

    Structure of the leaf


    Nymphaea odorata

    Structure of the leaf Nerium oleander

    Leaf modifications

    Cactus spines and Tendrill

    INSECT TRAPS Nepenthes (left) and Drosera capensis

    INSECT TRAPS

    Venus flytrap leaf

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