HEALTH-PROMOTING

LIFESTYLE OF
UNDERGRADUATE
STUDENTS OF SIENA
COLLEGE OF TAYTAY:
BASIS FOR HEALTH
PROMOTION
PROGRAM
GROUP 1
MEMBERS:
Bautista, Marian Joy F.
Cartin, Jenny Lyn M.
Del Rosario, Ma. Patricia
L.
Estoce, Christian John B.
Naval, Gellica Anne N.
 CHAPTER 1:
INTRODUCTION
 INTRODUCTION
 Impact of the COVID19 to the
lifestyle
 The Importance of healthy lifestyle
 The Six Dimensions of Health
Promotion Model by Nola Pender
 Review of Related Literature
 Review of Related Literature
 College is a critical time where students are more prone
to engage in risky health behaviors known to negatively
affect well-being, such as physical inactivity, stress, and
poor dietary habits. (Almutairi, 2015)

Health responsibility involves an active sense of

accountability for one's own well-being. It includes paying
attention to one's own health, educating oneself about
health, and exercising informed consumerism when
seeking professional assistance. (University of Nebraska
Medical Center, 2020)
Review of Related Literature
 The study of Hutchinson, et al. (2020) states that the
COVID-19 pandemic also affected the lifestyle of the
people in terms of physical activity.

Food is the third most important thing for living beings to

provide energy and development, maintain life, or
stimulate growth after air and water. (Quddusi, 2018).
 Review of Related Literature
 Spirituality also plays an important role in the lifestyle
of every individual and it is evident as claimed by the
Center for Spirituality and Healing of University of
Minnesota. Divine practices are associated with having a
better health status and overall wellness.

Our whole health care means promoting the body, mind

and soul of all. Interpersonal relationships affect all of
these factors by having the following positive effects
(Advent Health, 2018)
Review of Related Literature
 Excess stress and life-long stress tends to affect a
person’s health and lifestyle. (Health Link in British
Columbia)
 Statement of the Problem
 SOP 1: What is the demographic profile of the
respondents in terms of:
1. Age;
2. Sex;
3. Degree program; and
4. Year level?
 Statement of the Problem
 SOP 2: What is the health-promoting lifestyle
practices of the undergraduate students of Siena
College of Taytay in terms of:
2.1 health responsibility;
2.2 physical activity;
2.3 nutrition;
2.4 spiritual growth;
2.5 interpersonal relations; and
2.6 stress management?
 Statement of the Problem

 SOP 3: Is there a significant difference in the health-

promoting lifestyle practices of the undergraduate
students of Siena College of Taytay when grouped
according to profile?
 Theoretical
Framework

THE HEALTH
PROMOTION
MODEL by
NOLA PENDER
Conceptual
Framework
 Quantitative/Descriptive
Survey Questionnaire/
Frequency, Percentage,
Weighted Mean/
INPUT PROCESS Cluster-Convenience OUTPUT
Sampling
 Significance of the Study

Undergraduate students
Family
School
Future researchers
 Scope and Delimitation

The focus of the study

The respondents
Limitations of the study
Mode of platform
 Hypothesis
 This study seeks to assess if there is a significant
difference in health-promoting lifestyle activities of the
undergraduate students when grouped according to
profile.

 Ho: There is no significant difference in the health-

promoting lifestyle activities of the undergraduate
students of Siena College of Taytay when grouped
according to profile.
CHAPTER 2:
METHODS
 Research Design

Descriptive
Reason for choosing this design
Benefits to the study
 Locale of the Study
Vicinity: Siena College of Taytay
Program/courses involved: BS Nursing, BS
Accountancy, BS Business Administration,
BS Engineering, BS Hospitality
Management, BS Education
 Population and Sampling
Sample size: 243 college students
Formula used: Slovin’s formula
n = N / (1+Ne2).
 Sampling technique: Cluster-Convenience
sampling
 Research Instrumentations
Questionnaire: Pender’s Health Promotion
Model
Platform: Google Forms
Total questions: 52 questions
Scored as: never, sometimes, often &
routinely
 Data Gathering Procedure
Root of the questionnaire: Nola Pender’s Health
Promotion Model
Schedule of distributing data: Second semester
Request for information: Population of the
students in the registrar
Consent to the office of the dean
 Statistical Treatment
Frequency, Percentage, Weighted Mean
Role of the Statistician
Response of the students
 Ethical Considerations
 Autonomy
 Beneficence
 Non maleficence
 Confidentiality
 Justice
CHAPTER 3:
RESULTS
 Table 1: Demographic Profile (Age)
Profile Frequency Percentage
18 and below 15 6.17%
19 38 15.64%
20 53 21.81%
21 64 26.34%
22 45 18.52%
23 14 5.76%
24 and above 14 5.76%
Total: 243
 Table 1: Demographic Profile (Sex)

Profile Frequency Percentage

Female 152 62.55%

Male 91 37.45%

Total: 243
 Table 1: Demographic Profile (Program/Course)
Profile Frequency Percentage
College of Nursing 29 11.93%
College of Education 16 6.58%
College of Engineering & 18 7.41%
Information Technology
College of Accountancy 18 7.41%
College of Business 67 27.57%
College of Hospitality, 95 39.09%
Tourism and Culinary
Management
Total: 243
 Table 1: Demographic Profile (Year Level)

Profile Frequency Percentage

First year 77 31.69%

Second year 59 24.28%

Third year 58 23.87%

Fourth year 49 20.16%

Total: 243
SIX DIMENSIONS OF
HEALTH PROMOTING
LIFESTYLE
Table 2: Health
Responsibility
 1 2 3 4 Weighted Verbal
(N) (S) (O) (R) mean Interpretation

1. Report any
unusual signs and
symptoms to a 85 131 23 4 1.78 Sometimes
physician or other
health

2. Read or watch TV
programs about
improving health.
10 149 69 15 2.37 Sometimes

3. Asking questions
to health
professionals in 21 125 76 21 2.39 Sometimes
order to understand
their instructions.
 1 2 3 4 Weighted Verbal
(N) (S) (O) (R) mean Interpretation

4. Get a second
opinion when I
question my health 45 107 70 21 2.28 Sometimes
care provider's
advice.

5. Discuss my health
concerns with 27 116 75 25 2.40 Sometimes
health
professionals.

6. Inspect my body
at least monthly for
physical 40 105 63 35 2.38 Sometimes
changes/danger
signs.
 1 2 3 4 Weighted Verbal
(N) (S) (O) (R) mean Interpretation
7. Ask for
information from
health professionals
about how to take 47 116 60 20 2.22 Sometimes
good care of myself.

8. Attend
educational
programs on 72 121 43 7 1.94 Sometimes
personal health
care.

9. Seek guidance or
counseling when 52 126 51 14 2.11 Sometimes
necessary

Average 2.21 Sometimes

Table 3: Physical
Activity
 1 2 3 4 Weighted Verbal
(N) (S) (O) (R) mean Interpretation

1. Follow a planned
exercise program. 34 124 54 31 2.35 Sometimes

2. Exercise
vigorously for 20 or
more minutes at
least 3x a week. (e.g. 38 110 47 48 2.43 Sometimes
walking, cycling,
aerobic exercises).

3. Take part in light

to moderate
physical activity 31 112 60 40 2.45 Sometimes
(e.g. walking 30-40
minutes 5 or more
times a week).
 1 2 3 4 Weighted Verbal
(N) (S) (O) (R) mean Interpretation

4. Take part in
leisure-time
(recreational)
physical activities 26 128 60 29 2.35 Sometimes
(e.g. swimming,
dancing and
bicycling).

5. Do stretching
exercises at least 3x 34 110 55 44 2.45 Sometimes
per week.
 1 2 3 4 Weighted Verbal
(N) (S) (O) (R) mean Interpretation

4. Take part in
leisure-time
(recreational)
physical activities 26 128 60 29 2.35 Sometimes
(e.g. swimming,
dancing and
bicycling).

5. Do stretching
exercises at least 3x 34 110 55 44 2.45 Sometimes
per week.
 1 2 3 4 Weighted Verbal
(N) (S) (O) (R) mean Interpretation

6. Get exercise during

usual daily activities (e.g.
walking during lunch,
using stairs instead of 19 106 72 46 2.59 Sometimes
elevators, parking car
away from destination
and walking).

7. Check my pulse rate

when exercising. 77 116 36 14 1.94 Sometimes

8. Reach my target heart 74 104 45 20 2.05 Sometimes

rate when exercising.

Average 2.33 Sometimes

Table 4: Nutrition
 1 2 3 4 Weighted Verbal
(N) (S) (O) (R) mean Interpretation

1. Choose a diet low

in fat, saturated fat 56 220 186 60 2.15 Sometimes
and cholesterol.

2. Limit use of sugars

and food containing 39 220 186 128 2.36 Sometimes
sugar (sweets)

3. Eat 6-11 servings Sometimes

of bread, cereal, rice 68 222 126 88 2.07
and pasta each day.

4. Eat 24 servings of 62 294 66 48 2 Sometimes

fruit each day.
 1 2 3 4 Weighted Verbal
(N) (S) (O) (R) mean Interpretation

5. Eat 2-3 servings of

milk, yogurt or cheese
each day.
43 247 132 76 2.05 Sometimes

6. Eat only 2-3 servings

from meat, poultry, fish,
dried beans, eggs, and 10 208 267 160 2.65 Often
nuts group each day.

7. Read labels to
identify nutrients, fats,
and sodium content in 30 240 168 148 2.41 Sometimes
packaged food.
 1 2 3 4 Weighted Verbal
(N) (S) (O) (R) mean Interpretation

8. Eat Breakfast 26 112 72 33 2.46 Sometimes

Average 2.27
Sometimes
Table 5: Spiritual
Growth
 1 2 3 4 Weighted Verbal
(N) (S) (O) (R) mean Interpretation

1. Feel I am growing
and changing in
positive ways. 9 118 73 43 2.06 Sometimes

2. Believe that my life Routinely

has a purpose. 8 116 83 94 3.08

3. Look forward to 12 44 78 109 3.16 Routinely

the future.

4. Feel contented at 15 77 72 79 2.88 Sometimes

peace with myself.
 1 2 3 4 Weighted Verbal
(N) (S) (O) (R) mean Interpretation

5. Work toward long term

goals in my life. 5 56 92 90 3.09 Sometimes

6. Find each day

interesting and 10 75 91 67 2.76 Sometimes
challenging.

7. Am aware of what is Routinely

important to me in life. 5 51 76 111 3.20

8. Feel connected with

some force greater that 11 79 85 68 2.86 Sometimes
myself.
 1 2 3 4 Weighted Verbal
(N) (S) (O) (R) mean Interpretation

9. Expose myself to a new

experience and challenge. 12 73 82 76 2.91 Sometimes

Average 2.88 Sometimes

 Table 6:
Interpersonal
Relations
 1 2 3 4 Weighted Verbal
(N) (S) (O) (R) mean Interpretation

1. Discuss my
problems and
concerns with people
close to me. 25 116 69 33 2.45 Sometimes

2. Praise other people

easily for their 6 41 103 93 3.16 Often
achievements

3. Maintain
meaningful and Often
fulfilling 2 60 95 86 3.09
relationships with
others
 1 2 3 4 Weighted Verbal
(N) (S) (O) (R) mean Interpretation

4. Spend time with

close friends. 5 88 84 66 2.87 Often

5. Find it easy to show

concern, love and 9 70 91 73 2.94 Often
warmth to others.

6. Touch and am Often

touched by people I 2 70 91 80 3.02
care about.

7. Find ways to meet

my needs for 16 107 85 35 2.57 Sometimes
intimacy
 1 2 3 4 Weighted Verbal
(N) (S) (O) (R) mean Interpretation

8. Get support from a

network of caring
people. 22 98 79 44 2.60 Often

9. Settle conflicts
with others through Often
discussion and 9 93 88 53 2.76
compromise

Average 2.84 Often

Table 7: Stress
Management
 1 2 3 4 Weighted Verbal
(N) (S) (O) (R) mean Interpretation

1. Get enough sleep.

25 143 53 22 2.30 Sometimes

2. Take some time for

relaxation each day. 13 120 71 39 2.56 Sometimes

3. Accept those things

in my life which I 8 92 85 58 2.79 Often
cannot change.
 1 2 3 4 Weighted Verbal
(N) (S) (O) (R) mean Interpretation

4. Concentrate on
pleasant thoughts at
bedtime.
13 94 90 46 2.70 Often

5. Use specific
methods to control
my stress. 22 95 83 43 2.60 Often

6. Balance time
between work and 19 94 75 55 2.68 Often
play.
 1 2 3 4 Weighted Verbal
(N) (S) (O) (R) mean Interpretation

7. Practice relaxation
or meditation for 15-
20 minutes daily.
67 103 44 29 2.14 Sometimes

8. Pace myself to
prevent tiredness Sometimes
26 112 72 33 2.46

Average
2.53 Sometimes
 Age n Mean Variance F P-value F crit
18 and below 15 2.731 0.073
19 38 2.555 0.163
20 53 2.523 0.210

21 64 2.481 0.269
0.845 0.536 2.137
22 45 2.509 0.146

23 14 2.639 0.142

24 and above 14 2.583 0.233

 z Critical
Sex Mean Variance z P-value two-tail

Male 2.585 0.205

1.281 0.200 1.960
Female 2.509 0.188
 z Critical
Sex Mean Variance z P-value two-tail

Male 2.585 0.205

1.281 0.200 1.960
Female 2.509 0.188
 College n Mean Variance F P-value F crit
College of Accountancy 18 2.654 0.148
College of Business 67 2.518 0.238
College of Education 16 2.526 0.179
College of Engineering
and Information 18 2.523 0.158 2.844 0.016 2.252
Technology
College of Hospitality,
Tourism and Culinary 95 2.458 0.169
Management
College of Nursing 29 2.786 0.182
Year Level n Mean Variance F P-value F crit
1st Year 77 2.559 0.191

2nd Year 59 2.555 0.191

3rd Year 58 2.545 0.200 0.448 0.719 2.642

4th Year 49 2.473 0.208

Estimated Monthly
Income n Mean Variance F P-value F crit

P 10,000 – P 21,000 157 2.503 0.201

P 21,000 - P 43,000 74 2.611 0.172 1.512 0.223 3.033

P 76,000 - P 131,000 12 2.534 0.255

CHAPTER 4:
DISCUSSIONS
 Table 1: Demographic Profile
 Out of these 243 respondents the table shows 26.34%
are age 21 years old with a score of 64 responses.
21.81% are age 20 years old with a score of 53
responses followed by a percentage of 18.52% for age
22 years old with 45 responses followed by a
percentage of 15.64% are age 19 years old with 38
responses. Only 6.17% are ages 18 and below with
15 responses. Ages 23, 24 and above have a
percentage of both 5.76% with 14 responses.
 Table 1: Sex

Majority of the respondents are females with a

percentage of 62.55% with 152 responses
while males got 37.45% with 91 responses.
 Table 1: Program/Course
 For the College of Nursing, the researchers got 29 respondents
with a percentage of 11.93% For the College of Education, 16
students answered with 6.58%, for the College of Engineering
and Information Technology and as well as College of
Accountancy, 18 students answered with both 7.41%. College of
Business has 67 respondents having second to the highest
percentage of 27.57%. The highest percentage of respondents
went to College of Hospitality, Tourism, and Culinary
Management with 39.09% having 95 required responses from
the calculated representation.
 Table 1: Year Level

 The researchers got the highest percentage of 31.69% from the

first-year students with 77 responses followed by 24.28% for
the second-year students with 59 responses. Next are the 58
responses from the third-year students with 23.87%. lastly, with
a percentage of 20.16%, 49 fourth-year students answered the
Health Assessment form.
SIX DIMENSIONS OF
HEALTH PROMOTING
LIFESTYLE
 Table 2: Health Responsibility

 All of the questions under this dimension have the average of 2.21
with a verbal interpretation of “often”.

 To summarize, majority of the respondents chose “sometimes” in all

of the questions under the Health Responsibility Dimension. This
means that most of the respondents still seeks help to health care
professionals rather than “never”, “often”, or “routinely”. However,
there are still respondents that represents the other three options.
 Table 3: Physical Activity

 All of the questions under this dimension have the average of 2.33
with a verbal interpretation of “sometimes”.

 To summarize, majority of the respondents chose “sometimes” in all

of the questions under the Physical Activity Dimension. This means
that most of the respondents do exercises and physical activities
rather than “never”, “often”, or “routinely”. However, there are still
respondents that represents the other three options.
 Table 4: Nutrition

 All of the questions under this dimension have the average of 2.27
with a verbal interpretation of “sometimes”.

 To summarize, majority of the respondents chose “sometimes” in all

of the questions under the Nutrition Dimension. This means that
most of the respondents monitors their food intake rather than
“never”, “often”, or “routinely”. However, there are still respondents
that represents the other three options.
 Table 5: Spiritual Growth

 All the questions under this dimension have the average of 2.88 with
a verbal interpretation of “sometimes”.

 To summarize, majority of the respondents chose “sometimes” in all

of the questions under the Spiritual Growth Dimension. This means
that most of the respondents still have their own beliefs and that they
find the real purpose of their lives rather than “never”, “often”, or
“routinely”. However, there are still respondents that represents the
other three options.
 Table 6: Interpersonal Relations

 All of the questions under this dimension have the average of 2.84
with a verbal interpretation of “Often”.

 To conclude, the majority of respondents answered "Often" with 2.84

in average weighted mean in all of the questions under Interpersonal
relations dimension. This suggests that the majority of respondents
engage in interpersonal relations from time to time rather than
"never," "often," or "routinely." However, there are still respondents
who represent the other three alternatives.
 Table 7: Stress Management

 All the questions under this dimension have the average of 2.53 with
a verbal interpretation of “sometimes”.

 To summarize, majority of the respondents chose “sometimes” in all

of the questions under the Stress Management Health Dimension.
This means that most of the respondents practice stress management
from time to time rather than “never”, “often”, or “routinely”. However,
there are still respondents that represents the other three options.