Topic 3 Migration

TOPIC 3:
GLOBAL MIGRATION
What is
Migration?
Global migration or Migration
• Is an increasing
interaction and
interconnection of
peoples, structures,
and systems brought
by globalization.
Global migration or Migration
The temporary or
permanent
movement of
people from one
place to another.
Claudio and Abinales (2018)
INTERNAL MIGRATION
INTERNATIONAL
MIGRATION
INTERNAL MIGRATION
• People moving from

one place to another
within one country.
• E.g. Moving from

Mindoro to Manila
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION
• People cross borders

of one country to
another.
• E.g. moving from

Mindoro to Japan
5 TYPES OF
INTERNATIONAL
MIGRATION
5 types of International Migration
Immigrants - people who move permanently to another country
Temporary Labor Migrants – workers who stay in another country

for a fixed period (usually under contract)
Illegal migrants - Those who seek employment in another
country without necessary documents; also called
undocumented or irregular migrants
Family members – migrants whose families have

“petitioned” them to move
to the destination country
Refugees/Asylum-seekers - those who are unable or

unwilling to return to their country of origin because of fear
of persecution (usually because of their race, religion or
social or political group)
Ronald Skeldon (2012)
The movement of people are somehow

fixed to the circumstance that poor
people (from Third World countries)
will always come to the richer cities
(global city) or in First World countries
of the global north.
Ronald Skeldon (2012)
Take the case of the Overseas Filipino

Workers (OFWs), they are part of the
international labor market from a Third
World country (the Philippines), these
OFWs move to other countries in hopes of
better jobs and source of income
(economic reasons).
REASONS FOR
MIGRATION
 Economic – better economic opportunities in terms of jobs,
income and compensation, and working conditions.
 Geopolitical – migration to other countries to seek asylum and

become refugees to avoid geopolitical conflicts like war,
governmental atrocities, and police and military brutality, and
persecution among others.
 Institutional – moving to other countries because of their
better societal and civil welfare conditions, i.e. better
government, healthcare services, education, and there’s
peace.
 Environmental – migration to other countries with

greater food security, sustainable development, and less
environmental and climatic disasters.
BENEFITS AND
DETRIMENTS OF
MIGRATION
(Claudio & Abinales, 2018)
BENEFITS DETRIMENTS
• Remittances change the economic • Governments of home countries
and social standing of the migrant are aware that they are losing
workers in their home country, professional workers yet they
continue to promote migrant work
because of the remittance's impact
on the country's GDP
BENEFITS DETRIMENTS
• Migrant workers' remittances • Brain Drain - poor countries lose
make significant contributions to their skilled workers to rich
the development of small- and countries; professionals, skilled
medium- term industries that help and talented workers are moving
generate jobs to richer countries because of
better opportunities and benefits
BENEFITS DETRIMENTS
• The purchasing power of • Human trafficking
the migrant worker's • Integration of the migrants
family doubles, they can to the host country
now afford education and
healthcare
THE INHERENT INEQUALITY AND
UNEVENNESS IN THE PROCESS
OF GLOBALIZATION HAVE
CREATED WINNERS AND LOSERS
WHEN IT COMES TO THE
GLOBALIZATION OF PEOPLE
• Richer countries became winners for having
skilled, talented, and professional workers from
other countries working for their economies.
• While poor countries experience brain drain

because all of the skilled and professional
people have left the country, in part, through the
state policy and the role remittances play in the
home country’s GDP.
• Likewise, for the migrants themselves,
they are winners if they can lift their
families from poverty for having better
economic and living conditions in their
host countries.
• But for migrants who experience a rather
negative turn of events.
• E.g. through human trafficking, they will

not see migration as something beneficial
to them but rather detrimental and
dislocating.
• In the part of the migrating people, they
still face discrimination from the citizens
of their host country in terms of their
work, cultural and linguistic differences,
and a sense of intensified exclusion and
“othering” among others.
• Global migration has its fair share of beneficial
and detrimental results.
• As it manifests and pushes forward greater

globalizing processes in economic, political,
and cultural levels the challenge in terms of
the movements of people around the world or
locally is how to ensure that the migrants are
safe from abuse, oppression, and
discrimination
• On a greater scale, making globalization
just in all economic, political, cultural, and
human population and movement aspects
remains the biggest challenge.
THANK YOU
FOR LISTENING!
ROR!

Topic 3 Migration

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TOPIC 3:

• People moving from

• E.g. Moving from

• People cross borders

• E.g. moving from

Immigrants - people who move permanently to another country

Temporary Labor Migrants – workers who stay in another country

Family members – migrants whose families have

Refugees/Asylum-seekers - those who are unable or

The movement of people are somehow

Take the case of the Overseas Filipino

 Geopolitical – migration to other countries to seek asylum and

 Environmental – migration to other countries with

• While poor countries experience brain drain

• E.g. through human trafficking, they will

• As it manifests and pushes forward greater

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