Heat Axchanger Type of Fllow12

BASRA ENGEENERING
TECHNICAL COLLEGE
Heat exchanger type of fllow

Public and specific information
By:
1- Al-Moosawi Zahraa
2- Elaf Ahmad
3- Fatma
Contain
 Objective
 Introduction
 Scheme with Legends of studying
 case study
 conclusion
Objective
This presentation aims to introduce the concept of the Heat exchanger type of flow.
To describe main type and the impotence for use,
1
INTRODUCTION
A heat exchanger is a heat transfer device that is used for transfer of internal
thermal energy between two or more fluids available at different temperatures .
Flow-rated heat exchangers are an essential part of heat transfer processes in
various industries. These exchangers aim to exchange heat between different
media without direct contact, allowing efficient and effective heat transfer. In
this introduction, we will review the concept, idea, type, and laws governing
heat exchangers classified according to flow
2
The concept and idea of heat exchangers classified according to flow
The idea and concept relate to the method of arranging and regulating the flow of thermal media inside the
exchanger, which greatly affects the efficiency and performance of the exchanger.
The basic idea is to use a heat exchanger to exchange heat between different media, with emphasis on how the flow
is arranged within the exchanger. Since there are three main types of flow (Parallel flow ,Counter flow ,Cross flow),
the idea is to determine the appropriate type of flow and design the exchanger accordingly.
While the concept is related to understanding how these types affect the efficiency of heat transfer inside the
exchanger. It includes details, applications and influencing factors that lead to improving the performance of the
exchanger according to the type of flow required.
3
Classification of heat exchangers according to flow:
The flow of thermal media is divided into three main types:

- Parallel flow
- Counter flow
- Cross flow
Type of heat exchange and its causes:

- Counter flow enhances heat transfer effectively because it takes full advantage of the temperature difference between the
media.
- Opposite flow reduces the effectiveness of heat transfer because the flow is directed in the same direction.
- Orthogonal flow is a challenge in design and heat transfer control.
4
Working principle
Whether the flow is parallel or countercurrent, heat transfer within a heat exchanger involves both conduction and
convection.
One (hot) fluid transfers heat by convection to the tube wall where conduction occurs through the tube to the opposite wall.
The heat is then transferred by convection to the second fluid. Since this process occurs along the entire length of the
exchanger, the temperature of the fluids as they flow through the exchanger is generally not constant, but varies along the
entire length of the exchanger, and the rate of heat transfer varies along the length of the exchanger tubes because its value
depends on the temperature difference between the hot and cold fluid At the point it is displayed.
From what was previously mentioned here, we find it necessary to note that heat exchange in heat exchangers classified
according to flow is considered indirect because there is no direct contact between the flowing thermal media.
6
What are the advantages of direct and indirect exchange?
• direct contact occurs between the thermal

media, and heat is exchanged via this contact.
For example, in a direct heat exchange
direct system, there can be direct contact between
exchange two different liquids, or between a gas and a
liquid, or a liquid and a solid, where heat is
exchanged directly between these media
without walls or a dividing medium.
• is preferred in many applications as it allows

heat to be exchanged between different
media without the risk of contamination or
Indirect
unwanted chemical reactions. It also prevents
exchange
energy loss and increases heat transfer
efficiency.
7
Working principle
Governing laws :
Newton's laws of cooling and heat calculation related to changes in temperature and density, and the laws of
radiative heat transfer are responsible for determining heat transfer in heat exchangers
Q= k A
K: thermal conductivity
Q=h A (Tw -T∞ )

h: convection heat transfer coefficient
9
Comparing between the parallel and counter flow
Property Parallel flow Counter flow
the two fluid streams (hot and cold) flow

the two fluid streams flow in
Flow direction through the heat exchanger in the same
relatively opposite directions
direction
The temperature of the two fluids will Output temperature of one fluid
Temperature difference tend to be very close during the overall very close to the inlet
process temperature of the other
Surface area for heat Large surface area required Small surface area required
transfer
Efficiency Less efficient Highly efficient
High thermal stresses in the exchanger Minimum thermal stresses in the

Thermal stresses
wall at inlet wall
10
Cross flow heat exchanger :
We have a perpendicular direction of flows in cross flow exchangers
Type of cross flow heat exchanger :
1. Mixed flow heat exchanger

This type of heat exchanger doesn’t have fins. In this type, the turbulent flow of the liquid can occur. This turbulent flow helps to
increase the heat transfer coefficient
2. Unmixed flow heat exchanger
An unmixed flow heat exchanger is also known as a finned heat exchanger because the fins are mounted around the tube and
allow the fluid to flow over the tube. These fins increase the effective heat transfer surface area and thus help increase the heat
transfer coefficient
Advantages and Disadvantages of Cross Flow Heat Exchangers :
In cross flow the hot and cold fluids move perpendicular to each other . this is an efficient design compared to the parallel
heat exchanger.
the effectiveness of a cross flow heat exchanger is better than counter flow and parallel flow heat exchangers , whereas a
cross flow, heat exchanger, requires minimum flow area.
11
Applications and Uses of heat exchanger :
Cross flow • are used in refrigerator They are

also used in the freezing
heat industry,
• car radiation This heat
exchanger exchanger acts as a condenser
for the steam system.
s
• used In heating very viscous fluids, parallel
flow provides for rapid heating.
Parallel • Used as condenser( surface temperature is

lower than the fluid saturation temperature )
or evaporator (surface temperature is higher
flows than the fluid saturation temperature ) , and
used as furnace to prevent some of
corrosion of the metal
12
Always moving for word
13

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BASRA ENGEENERING

Heat exchanger type of fllow

The flow of thermal media is divided into three main types:

Type of heat exchange and its causes:

• direct contact occurs between the thermal

• is preferred in many applications as it allows

Q=h A (Tw -T∞ )

Property Parallel flow Counter flow

the two fluid streams (hot and cold) flow

Efficiency Less efficient Highly efficient

High thermal stresses in the exchanger Minimum thermal stresses in the

We have a perpendicular direction of flows in cross flow exchangers

Type of cross flow heat exchanger :

1. Mixed flow heat exchanger

Cross flow • are used in refrigerator They are

Parallel • Used as condenser( surface temperature is

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