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    Probability Sampling in Research

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    keshav kumar
    Probability sampling allows researchers to draw statistically valid conclusions about a population by studying a representative sample. The document discusses simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, and multistage sampling as key probability sampling methods and their advantages in providing representative, unbiased samples that allow generalization to the larger population.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Probability Sampling in Research

    Uploaded by

    keshav kumar
    15 views8 pages
    Probability sampling allows researchers to draw statistically valid conclusions about a population by studying a representative sample. The document discusses simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, and multistage sampling as key probability sampling methods and their advantages in providing representative, unbiased samples that allow generalization to the larger population.

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    Probability-Sampling-in-Research

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    Probability sampling allows researchers to draw statistically valid conclusions about a population by studying a representative sample. The document discusses simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, and multistage sampling as key probability sampling methods and their advantages in providing representative, unbiased samples that allow generalization to the larger population.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    15 views8 pages

    Probability Sampling in Research

    Uploaded by

    keshav kumar
    Probability sampling allows researchers to draw statistically valid conclusions about a population by studying a representative sample. The document discusses simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, and multistage sampling as key probability sampling methods and their advantages in providing representative, unbiased samples that allow generalization to the larger population.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    Probability Sampling

    in Research

    Probability sampling is a fundamental technique in research methodology,


    allowing researchers to draw statistically valid conclusions about a population by
    studying a representative sample. This introductory section provides an overview
    of the key probability sampling methods covered in the presentation.

    by keshav kumar
    Simple Random Sampling
    Step 1 1
    Clearly define the target population.

    2 Step 2
    Assign a unique identifier to each member
    of the population.
    Step 3 3
    Use a random number generator to select
    the sample.
    Systematic Sampling
    How it Works Advantages Limitations

    Start with a random first Easy to implement and can be Potential bias if the population
    selection, then choose every Kth more representative than simple list has an underlying pattern.
    element from the population list. random sampling.
    Stratified Sampling

    1 Divide Population 2 Sample Each 3 Proportional


    Stratum Allocation
    Identify key subgroups
    (strata) within the Apply random or Ensure sample size in each
    population. systematic sampling within stratum is proportional to
    each stratum. its size in the population.
    Cluster Sampling
    Divide Population Random Cluster Cost-Effective
    Selection
    Identify natural groupings Useful when the population is
    (clusters) within the Randomly select a sample of geographically dispersed,
    population. clusters, then survey all reducing data collection costs.
    elements within those
    clusters.
    Multistage Sampling
    Stage 1
    Randomly select larger primary sampling units (e.g., counties).

    Stage 2
    Randomly select smaller secondary sampling units (e.g., neighborhoods) within the
    primary units.

    Stage 3
    Randomly select individual elements (e.g., households) within the secondary units.
    Advantages of Probability Sampling

    Representative Unbiased Generalization


    Allows researchers to draw Reduces the risk of systematic Findings from the sample can be
    statistically valid conclusions bias in the sample selection generalized to the larger
    about the population. process. population.
    Limitations and Considerations
    Time and Cost Probability sampling can be more time-consuming
    and costly compared to non-probability methods.

    Frame Errors Inaccuracies or gaps in the population list can lead


    to coverage errors.

    Nonresponse Participants who refuse to participate can introduce


    bias in the final sample.

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