Ecosystem Services Project

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ECOSYSTEMS

SERVICES OF
Name: Jackson Beach
HALEAKALA
NATIONAL
PARK
Basic Facts of Ecosystem
• Island of Maui in Maui County, Hawaii
• 34,294 acres in size
• Haleakala is an alpine biome

Haleakala National Park


https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/
File:Haleakala_National_Park_04.jpg
Abiotic Factors of Haleakala National
Park
• The extinct volcano Haleakala
• Wind, rain, and temperature also shape the environment.
• Some obvious and common abiotic factors include water and rocks.

Maui Volcano
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.m.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3ADawn_on_Haleakala_Volcano
%2C_Hawaii.jpg&psig=AOvVaw3X1mv_y0-
nzBl8yaAeTp5i&ust=1709299399321000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=2ahUKEwjBjK7N0tCEAxXiFWIAHQ8CDxMQr4kDegQIARBG
Biotic Factors of Haleakala National Park
Flora Fauna
• Some examples of flora that grow in • Some specific fauna includes the
Haleakala National Park includes Nene Goose, the Sacred Owl, the
Ethereal silver swords, bird-pollinated Hawaiian Petrel, the Hawaiian Bat,
geraniums, and mintless mints. the Chukar Partridge, and the
Mongoose.

Mintless Mints
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F Chukar Partridge
%2Fmauiguide.com%2Fhawaiian-mintless-mints https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org
%2F&psig=AOvVaw3omCpR- %2Fwiki%2FFile%3AChukar_Partridge_%2528Alectoris_chukar%2529_
qPV8f8Yk7csAsXM&ust=1709299604172000&source=im %252851380441073%2529.jpg&psig=AOvVaw3mcgwzl1-
ages&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=2ahUKEwilmYWv09 O0yyLHlqmbfle&ust=1709299673299000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved
CEAxU-JmIAHdwBClUQr4kDegQIARAx =2ahUKEwi9soDQ09CEAxXE8ckDHd-ZCNQQr4kDegQIARBE

History
The current location was established July 1, 1961, though the original
Hawai’i National Park was established by Congress under order of
President Woodrow Wilson.
• Native Hawaiians have lived on the land for over 1,000 years.
• The current superintendent is Natalie Gates, who has been in this
position since 2013

Natalie Gates
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizjournals.com%2Fpacific%2Fnews
%2F2013%2F01%2F10%2Fnatalie-gates-named-superintendent-
of.html&psig=AOvVaw21AbYIOnamDtWHUeFGaShR&ust=1709307469476000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449
&ved=2ahUKEwicosHV8NCEAxV_w8kDHfsSBzcQr4kDegQIARBG
Overview of Environmental Issue
• A major negative impact that humans had on the park in the past was the
introduction of non-native species, and the diseases that came with those
animals, and the predators within those species.
• Native animals in these regions have come close to extinction due to hunting for
commercial gain.

Mongoose were introduced to Hawaii in 1883.


https://dlnr.hawaii.gov/hisc/info/invasive-species-profiles/mongoose/

Multiple Actors / Conflicting Interests
Address the complexity of this issue due to the existence of multiple actors. Who wants
what and why?
• The sugar industry introduced mongoose to the island of Hawaii in 1883 to control the
numbers of rats in the sugar cane fields. While the rats made up a major part of the diet,
they also had a major impact on of birds, insects, and other animals.
• In 1968 Don Reeser came to Hawaii and while there he became the chief of the National
Parks Services Resource Management Division, where he worked to remove invasive
species negatively impacting the environment and other native animals from the island.
He would also monitor the invasive plant species and remove them when needed

https://www.nps.gov/hale/donreeser.htm#:~:text=Reeser%20argued
%20that%20the%20project%20would%20result,NP%20and
%20needed%20more%20rigorous%20environmental%20review.
1. Ecosystem Services: Provisioning
• The material benefits gained from an ecosystem. These benefits includes food, forage, fiber, fresh
water, and other resources.
• There is a farm name “Kula Country Farms” in the Haleakala are that is known for growing strawberries
and pumpkins
• The most common rock in the park is basalt. Basalt contains large amounts of magnesium and iron.
• There are also several bodies of freshwater, one of which called the Ohe’o Gulch. Some areas of the
gulch have rockslides that have killed people.

https://kulacountryfarmsmaui.com/
2. Ecosystem Services: Regulating
• The benefits obtained from regulating ecosystem processes. This includes climate,
water, and diseases carried by humans.
• Haleakala park is using an action plan to reduce greenhouse gas emission, and
lower their impact on climate control
• Visitors to the park, are encourage to stay on the trail to protect the species of
animals and plants from foreign disease.

Haleakalā Trail
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unrealhawaii.com%2F2013%2F08%2Fbackpacking-haleakala-hike-to-paliku-cabin
%2F&psig=AOvVaw3OY0rmlrO64IFtKg6MxXMT&ust=1709397832458000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=2ahUKEwj5gPilwdOEAx
WkFGIAHV3aDCMQr4kDegUIARCEAQ
3. Ecosystem Services: Supporting
• Services that maintain fundamental ecosystem processes. These include habitats
for animals and wildlife, or the maintenance of genetic and biological diversity.
• Plant communities can be found in dry deserts up to lush rainforests.

Haleakala Rainforest
https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fmorethanjustparks.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F11%2FDSC02441-
e1607369842860.jpg&tbnid=X8nVKuzjy8KswM&vet=12ahUKEwjCypKkidSEAxWFw8kDHfHiDgQQMygFegQIARBO..i&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F
%2Fmorethanjustparks.com%2Fhaleakala-national-park%2F&docid=6_AHuMnkk0e36M&w=1800&h=1201&q=haleakala%20national%20park
%20rainforest&safe=active&ved=2ahUKEwjCypKkidSEAxWFw8kDHfHiDgQQMygFegQIARBO
4. Ecosystem Services: Cultural
• Benefits that are obtained by people from
an ecosystem that is nonmaterialistic.
These consist of spiritual enrichment,
reflection, and recreation.
• A major cultural are of Haleakala Nation
Park is the Kipahulu District. It is a coastal
are that has been inhabited by the native
tribes of Haleakala for hundreds of years.
The word Kipahulu in Hawaiian means
“fetch from exhausted gardens.”
The area was also used by canoe builders to
worship the God Laka, who is the Hawaiian Kipahulu Coastal Area
goddess of hula dancing and also forests.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kipahulu_coast.jpg
Result of Issue
• The park has required vehicle and equipment inspections to ensure that non-native species
aren’t being transported to the park.
• The park uses chemical and mechanical methods to control invasive plants. They also work to
eliminate alien species before they become established.
• Plans that the park has against invasive species include fencing the park to keep out non-
native animals and placing snares around the fence in case they do find a way through.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fmauiinvasive.org
%2F2014%2F08%2F19%2Fthe-haleakala-silversword-greatest-threat-is-now-climate-change
%2F&psig=AOvVaw2r15h82ScmGr0XvKZy0uli&ust=1709417822639000&source=images&cd=
vfe&opi=89978449&ved=2ahUKEwi86f_hi9SEAxXp3ckDHe3BDWwQr4kDegQIARBU

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