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    Hypertenssion

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    nadeemhumdard
    The document discusses hypertension including its definition, etiology, risk factors, clinical symptoms, complications, diagnosis, and management. Hypertension is defined as a blood pressure over 140/90 mmHg and is classified into three grades based on systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings. It can be essential or secondary hypertension, and risk factors include age, lifestyle factors, family history, and stress. Complications involve damage to organs like the brain, heart, blood vessels, and kidneys if uncontrolled. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, and various tests. Management consists of lifestyle modifications and pharmacologic treatment depending on a patient's blood pressure level and risk factors.

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    Hypertenssion

    Uploaded by

    nadeemhumdard
    8 views17 pages
    The document discusses hypertension including its definition, etiology, risk factors, clinical symptoms, complications, diagnosis, and management. Hypertension is defined as a blood pressure over 140/90 mmHg and is classified into three grades based on systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings. It can be essential or secondary hypertension, and risk factors include age, lifestyle factors, family history, and stress. Complications involve damage to organs like the brain, heart, blood vessels, and kidneys if uncontrolled. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, and various tests. Management consists of lifestyle modifications and pharmacologic treatment depending on a patient's blood pressure level and risk factors.

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    The document discusses hypertension including its definition, etiology, risk factors, clinical symptoms, complications, diagnosis, and management. Hypertension is defined as a blood pressure over 140/90 mmHg and is classified into three grades based on systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings. It can be essential or secondary hypertension, and risk factors include age, lifestyle factors, family history, and stress. Complications involve damage to organs like the brain, heart, blood vessels, and kidneys if uncontrolled. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, and various tests. Management consists of lifestyle modifications and pharmacologic treatment depending on a patient's blood pressure level and risk factors.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    8 views17 pages

    Hypertenssion

    Uploaded by

    nadeemhumdard
    The document discusses hypertension including its definition, etiology, risk factors, clinical symptoms, complications, diagnosis, and management. Hypertension is defined as a blood pressure over 140/90 mmHg and is classified into three grades based on systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings. It can be essential or secondary hypertension, and risk factors include age, lifestyle factors, family history, and stress. Complications involve damage to organs like the brain, heart, blood vessels, and kidneys if uncontrolled. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, and various tests. Management consists of lifestyle modifications and pharmacologic treatment depending on a patient's blood pressure level and risk factors.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    HYPERTENSSION

    DR: AHMAR ISHTIAQUE


    DEFINATION 01

    ETIOLOGY 02
    RISK FACTORS 03
    CLINICAL SYMPTOMS 04
    OBJECTIVES. COMLICATIONS 05
    DIAGNOSIS 06
    MANAGEMENT 07
    DEFINATION:

    HTN is also known as high blood pressure, is a


    long term medical condition in which blood
    pressure in the arteries is persistently ele-
    vated.

    The systolic blood pressure (SBP) > 140mmHg.


    Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) > 90mmHg.
    TYPES:

    Grade I (mild) : SBP=140-159, DBP= 90-99. mmHg

    Grade II (moderate): SBP= 160-179, DBP= 100-109.


    mmHg

    Grade III (severe) : SBP> 180, DBP> 110. mmHg


    ETIOLOGY.

    Essential (primary) HTN: It Accounts For 95% of cases of HTN


    Onset= 25-55 years.
    Family history +(ive)
    Pathogenesis Is Not Clearly understood.

    May be due to some factors like:


    Renal dysfunction
    Peripheral resistance vessel tone.
    Endothelial dysfunction
    Autonomic tone
    Neurohumoral factors
    ETIOLOGY:

    Secondary HTN: 5% of cases


    Due to specific disease which leads to sodium retention OR
    peripheral vesoconstriction.
    RISK FACTORS:

    • AGE: Risk of CAD increase after 50


    • Alcohol, Smoking, DM
    • Excessive dietary intake of sodium
    • Gender
    • Family Hx
    • Stress
    CLINICAL SYMPTOMS

    Some Time HTN does not cause any symptom so its also silent killer disease

    In some patients symptoms appears like:


    Severe head ache
    Blurred vision
    Nausea
    Fatigue
    Epistaxis
    Chest pain
    SOB
    COMPLICATIONS:

    Neurologic: Trasient Ischemic Attack; Stroke


    Ruptured Aneurysms.

    Cardiac: Coronary Artery Diseases (CAD)


    Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH)
    Congestive Heart failure (CHF)

    Vascular: Aortic dissection


    Aortic aneurysm

    Renal: Proteinuria
    Renal failure
    COMPLICATIONS:

    Retinopathy: Grade I = arteriolar thickening & narrowing


    Grade II = GI+ Constriction of veins at arterial crossing
    i.e. “Arteriovenous nipping”
    Grade III = GII+ Retinal hemorrhages & exudates.
    Grade IV = GIII+ Papilledema
    DIAGNOSIS:

    Investigations for all patients:


     Urinalysis: For blood, proteins, glucose.
     Blood urea, electrolytes & creatinine.
     Blood glucose.
     Serum folate & HDL cholesterol.
     Thyroid function test.
     12-lead ECG (Left ventricular hypertrophy, coronary artery disease)
    DIAGNOSIS:

    Investigations For Selected Patients:


    I. Chest X-ray: To detect the cardiomegaly, heart failure, coarctation of aorta.
    II. Ambulatory BP recording: To assess the borderline hypertension
    III. Echocardiogram: To detect or quantify LVH
    IV. Renal US: To detect possible renal disease
    V. Renal angiography: To detect or confirm the renal artery stenosis.
    VI. Urinary catecholamines: To detect possible phaeochromocytoma.
    VII. Urinary cortisol & dexamethasone suppression test: To detect cushings syndrome.
    VIII.Plasma renin activity & aldosterone: To detect possible primary aldosteronism.
    MANAGEMENT:

    Goals:
    Blood Pressure < 140/90 mmHg.
    Blood Pressure <130/80 mmHg if DM or renal disease.

    1. Life Style Modifications:


    I) Weight loss: Goal BMI= 18.5-24.9
    II) Aerobic Exercise > 30 mints/day for > 5 days/week.
    III) Diet rich in fruits & vegetables / less in saturated fat.
    IV) Sodium restriction to < 2.4g/day ideally < 1.5g/day
    V) Limit alcohol consumption.
    MANAGEMENT:

    Pharmacologic Treatment:
    Offer pharmacologic treatment to the patients with:
    I. BP > 160/100 mmHg
    II. BP > 140/90 mmHg + Cardiovascular disease, End organ
    damage like nephropathy, retinopathy, TIA.
    Management:

    The influence of comorbidity on the choice of anti-hypertensive drug therapy.


    MANAGEMENT.
    THANK
    YOU

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