Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity

A REVIEW OF ITS CONCEPT & EXISTENCE IN GRADE 10 STUDENTS
SUBMITTED
SUBMITTED BY:
MIKAELA
GRADE
BY:
MIKAELA YZABELL
YZABELL A.
GRADE 10-
A. ATIENZA
ATIENZA
10- LEEUWENHOEK
LEEUWENHOEK
ENGLISH
SUBMITTED
SUBMITTED TO:
TO:
MRS.
MRS. ELEONOR
ELEONOR BRIñAS
BRIñAS
I. Introduction
In a liberal, free and democratic country like the Philippines, there are several arguments and disputes that have taken
place throughout the history of science with regards to sexual orientation. This research paper reviews some history
and current controversies through online articles and personal surveys. There is an increasing awareness among
policymakers, nationally and locally, that there is a need for sexual orientation statistics. There are some sexual
orientation information that is available like City Ordinance No. 8695 or the Manila LGBTQI Protection Ordinance
of 2020 has ordered all its establishments to have gender-neutral toilets by 2023, but there is no standardized
approach for collecting or reporting this information. The lack of a standardized approach for collecting and
reporting sexual orientation in the country limits the consistency and comparability of this information. This means
policymakers have limited access to the information they need to quantify issues affecting populations of sexual
orientations. To achieve consistency in collecting and reporting sexual orientation information in statistical and
administrative collections, an across-government working group should be intensified for the safety of all genders.
Controversies and debates have taken place throughout the history of science and society with regards to lesbian,
gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people.
Sexual orientation concepts and labels can vary due to a range of social and demographic factors including age, sex,
ethnicity and socio-economic status. When using the framework to collect or report information on sexual
orientation, there are many points to consider .
II. Review of Related Literature
According to the article of Planned Parenthood (
https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/sexual-orientation/sexual-orientation), “Sexual orientation is about who you’re
attracted to and want to have relationships with. Sexual orientations include gay, lesbian, straight, bisexual, and asexual.”
Nowadays, the terms ‘lesbian’ and ‘gay’ are used to refer to people who experience attraction to members of the same
sex, and the term ‘bisexual’ describe people who experience attraction to members of both sexes. It should be noted that,
although these categories continue to be widely used, sexual orientation does not always appear in such definable
categories and, instead, occurs on a continuum (American Psychological Association, 2012), and people perceived or
described by others as LGB may identify in various ways (D’Augelli, 1994). In addition, Sexual orientation is self-
identified. A person selects their own social and historical labels to identify themselves, which reflects their own
perception and meaning about their sexuality (adapted from Pega et al, 2013). Sexual orientation is fluid. Sexual
attraction, behavior, and identity may be fluid, changing over time or across social contexts. This is because a person’s
sexual orientation journey, and how information is collected and used, may influence how and whether a person will
identify their sexual orientation. Data collected provides a snapshot of a person’s sexual orientation – at that time. For
some people this may change and for some they may not know what their sexual orientation is at that time.
The three aspects of sexual orientation are as follows, to wit.
Sexual attraction – sexual interest in another person. Sexual attraction is having sexual feelings towards someone. A
person may be attracted to one specific sex or gender, to more than one sex or gender, or to no one.
Sexual behavior – how a person behaves sexually. It is whether they have sexual partners of another sex or gender, the
same sex or gender, or refrain from sexual behavior. Framework for sexual orientation
Sexual identity – how a person thinks of their own sexuality and the terms they identify with. Sexual identity terms
include lesbian, gay, straight, asexual, bisexual, or pansexual, among others.
On the other hand, the concept of gender identity evolved over time to include those people who do not identify either
as female or male: a “person’s self concept of their gender (regardless of their biological sex) is called their gender
identity” (Lev, 2004, p. 397). The American Psychological Association (2009a, p. 28) described it as: “the person’s
basic sense of being male, female, or of indeterminate sex.” For decades, the term ‘transsexual’ was restricted for
individuals who had undergone medical procedures, including genital reassignment surgeries. However, nowadays,
‘transsexual’ refers to anyone who has a gender identity that is incongruent with the sex assigned at birth and therefore
is currently, or is working toward, living as a member of the sex other than the one they were assigned at birth,
regardless of what medical procedures they may have undergone or may desire in the future (e.g., Serano,
2007; American Psychological Association, 2009a; Coleman et al., 2012).
III. Conceptual Framework
The complexity of sexual orientation can be defined and explained using a framework. In statistics, frameworks are used
to represent an agreed way of thinking about a topic and to ‘map’ the topic of interest. The framework for sexual
orientation covers three key aspects of sexuality: sexual attraction, sexual behaviour, and sexual identity. These are
related in the sense that sexual orientation is generally based on sexual attraction; sexual attraction can result in different
sexual behaviours and sexual identities. The three aspects can independently change.
I.Methodology
To help us to know more about our topic, I conducted a survey to 15 Grade 10 students at Bernardo National High
School, I will not disclose their identity to protect them from discrimination. Survey Questionnaire
IV. Analysis of Data
There is a rapid surge of sexual orientation and gender identity concerns even in the Grade 10 students age group.
Although many sexual minority of Grade 10 students face stigma and rejection within their families, their schools, or their
communities, it should be noted that most successfully navigate the developmental tasks of Grade 10 students, and attain
similar levels of health and well-being as their heterosexual peers, often despite the stigma and discrimination they
encounter. Further research is needed to understand population trends as well as individual patterns of development;
cultural variations in both development and health disparities; the interplay of general and unique risk factors that
contribute to various health disparities and protective factors that buffer those risks; and interventions to promote the
healthy development of sexual minority in Grade 10 students.

Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

A REVIEW OF ITS CONCEPT & EXISTENCE IN GRADE 10 STUDENTS

You might also like