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    Polarization

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    pameshpameshk
    Polarization refers to the separation and alignment of opposite charges within a material when an external electric field is applied. It is caused by the shifting or alignment of electrons, ions, or molecular dipoles. Polarization results in a macroscopic electric field inside the material that is weaker than the external applied field due to the opposing fields generated by the aligned dipoles.

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    Polarization

    Uploaded by

    pameshpameshk
    7 views12 pages
    Polarization refers to the separation and alignment of opposite charges within a material when an external electric field is applied. It is caused by the shifting or alignment of electrons, ions, or molecular dipoles. Polarization results in a macroscopic electric field inside the material that is weaker than the external applied field due to the opposing fields generated by the aligned dipoles.

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    Polarization in Dielectrics

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    Polarization refers to the separation and alignment of opposite charges within a material when an external electric field is applied. It is caused by the shifting or alignment of electrons, ions, or molecular dipoles. Polarization results in a macroscopic electric field inside the material that is weaker than the external applied field due to the opposing fields generated by the aligned dipoles.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    7 views12 pages

    Polarization

    Uploaded by

    pameshpameshk
    Polarization refers to the separation and alignment of opposite charges within a material when an external electric field is applied. It is caused by the shifting or alignment of electrons, ions, or molecular dipoles. Polarization results in a macroscopic electric field inside the material that is weaker than the external applied field due to the opposing fields generated by the aligned dipoles.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    Polarization

    Macroscopic electric field

    Depolarization field
    PAMESH KUMAR
    2314021
    Definition
    Separation

    Centre of positive charge

    Centre of negative charge in a material.


    Polarisation
    Dielectric
    Material

    Water molecules
    dielectric materials (used in capacitors)
    SIMPLE STORY-POLARIZATION
    Polarization refers to the average distribution
    of electric dipole moments within a material.

    A dipole consists of the separation of opposite


    charges, creating a positive and a negative end.
    Atoms can also have a separation of positive and
    negative charges, giving them a dipole moment.
    In some substances, applying an external
    electric field can align these dipoles.
    This alignment of dipoles is what we call polarization
    Dipole Moment

    P  qr
    - ve + ve
    P   qn rn

    fig. Water Molecule


    +q -q

    r
    Polar Dielectric
    Types of Polarization Fastest
    response
    Electronic • Shifting of electrons within a molecule's electron cloud due to the electric field.

    Ionic •Repositioning of ions within the crystal lattice of the material.


    Slower
    response

    Orientational Depends on
    •Alignment of permanent molecular dipoles with the electric field.

    molecule type
    Polarization Density
    Dipole moment per
    unit Volume

    p P  Np
    P or

    V
    Macroscopic Electric Field

    macroscopic electric field

    • average value of the electric field across a


    large scale of the material.

    In polarized materials

    • macroscopic electric field differs slightly from the external electric field.
    Relationship Between Polarization and
    Macroscopic Electric Field

    Em = E - (P/ )
    Where:
    Em - Macroscopic Electric Field
    E - External Electric Field
    P - Polarization
    ε₀ - Permittivity of Free Space
    Impact Polarization on macroscopic field

    Reduced Dielectric
    Electric Field
    • Aligned dipoles in the
    Breakdown
    material act like tiny • In very strong electric
    individual batteries, fields, the polarization
    generating their own mechanisms can become
    overwhelmed, and the
    electric field that opposes material's insulating
    the original external properties can break
    field, partially cancelling down, leading to electrical
    it out. conduction.
    • macroscopic field inside • Spark
    the material is weaker

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