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    Dielectric Materials

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    Nisha Gill
    Dielectric materials are insulators that can be polarized by an applied electric field. When placed between the plates of a capacitor, dielectrics increase the capacitance [1] by becoming polarized through mechanisms like electronic, ionic, and orientation polarization. [2] The dielectric constant of a material indicates its ability to polarize and increase capacitance. Important properties of dielectrics include dielectric loss, dielectric strength, and polarization. [3] Dielectrics have applications in capacitors, antennas, sensors, and electromagnetic shielding due to their polarization and charge storage abilities.

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    Dielectric Materials

    Uploaded by

    Nisha Gill
    29 views11 pages
    Dielectric materials are insulators that can be polarized by an applied electric field. When placed between the plates of a capacitor, dielectrics increase the capacitance [1] by becoming polarized through mechanisms like electronic, ionic, and orientation polarization. [2] The dielectric constant of a material indicates its ability to polarize and increase capacitance. Important properties of dielectrics include dielectric loss, dielectric strength, and polarization. [3] Dielectrics have applications in capacitors, antennas, sensors, and electromagnetic shielding due to their polarization and charge storage abilities.

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    Dielectric materials are insulators that can be polarized by an applied electric field. When placed between the plates of a capacitor, dielectrics increase the capacitance [1] by becoming polarized through mechanisms like electronic, ionic, and orientation polarization. [2] The dielectric constant of a material indicates its ability to polarize and increase capacitance. Important properties of dielectrics include dielectric loss, dielectric strength, and polarization. [3] Dielectrics have applications in capacitors, antennas, sensors, and electromagnetic shielding due to their polarization and charge storage abilities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    29 views11 pages

    Dielectric Materials

    Uploaded by

    Nisha Gill
    Dielectric materials are insulators that can be polarized by an applied electric field. When placed between the plates of a capacitor, dielectrics increase the capacitance [1] by becoming polarized through mechanisms like electronic, ionic, and orientation polarization. [2] The dielectric constant of a material indicates its ability to polarize and increase capacitance. Important properties of dielectrics include dielectric loss, dielectric strength, and polarization. [3] Dielectrics have applications in capacitors, antennas, sensors, and electromagnetic shielding due to their polarization and charge storage abilities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    Dielectric Materials

    Presented By: Nisha Gill


    MATTER

    Conductor Insulator
    (free flow of (does not show
    charges) free flow of charges)

    Conductors conduct
    electricity. Examples- metals,
    human body, earth etc.
    Insulators does not conduct
    electricity. Some insulators
    behave as dielectric materials
    like porcelain, alumina,
    cordierite, mica, and some
    glasses.
    K0 A
    C ; V  Ed  E decreases : E  E 0 /K
    d
    In case of conductor, electric field
    inside the capacitor became
     smaller.
    Field inside the conductor E=0
    outside field did not change
    Potential difference (which is the
    integral of field) is, however, smaller.

     0 A
    V  ( d  b) C
    o d [1  b / d ]
    In case of dielectric, there are polarization (induced) charges
    – Dielectrics get polarized.
    Properties of Dielectrics

    In presence of electric field, slight


    displacement of charges induce dipole
    moment.
    Dielectric is polarized.

    C
    K dielectric constant of a material
    C0
    We assume that the induced charge is directly
    proportional to the E-field in the material

    E0
    E
    K

    In dielectrics, induced charges do not exactly


    compensate charges on the metal plates.
    Important terms related to Dielectrics

    Dielectric—an insulating material placed between plates of a capacitor


    to increase capacitance.

    Dielectric constant—a dimensionless factor that shows the ability of a


    material to polarize and store a charge within it. It is a property of the
    dielectric and varies from one material to another.

    Dielectric Loss – Dissipation of charges due to the movement of charges


    when the polarization switches direction.

    Dielectric strength—maximum E field before dielectric breaks down and


    acts as a conductor between the plates (sparks) .

    Polarization - The alignment of dipoles of the permanent or induced


    dipoles along the external field is termed as polarization of a dielectric.
    Various Polarization Processes

    Polarization occurs due to several atomic mechanisms.

    When the dielectric is placed inside external electric field, the


    dielectric polarization occurs. The Polarization mechanism
    is due to four types of processes

    a) Electronic polarization
    b) Ionic polarization
    c) Orientation polarization and
    d) Space charge polarization.
    Mechanism of Polarization

    Ionic Polarization – It is caused by


    relative displacements between
    positive and negative ions in ionic
    crystals.

    Electronic Polarization - An electrical field will


    always displace the center of charge of the
    electrons with respect to the nucleus and thus
    induce a dipole moment.
    Orientation Polarization

    Dipole moment tend to align


    themselves in the direction of
    applied field as shown in
    figure. The polarization due to
    such alignment is called
    orientation polarization.

    Interfacial Polarization

    Space-charge polarization
    occurs due to the
    accumulation of charges at
    the electrodes or at the
    interfaces in a multiphase
    material.
    Applications of Dielectric Materials
     Capacitors as charge storage
    applications

     Increase capacitance
     Increase in the maximum
    operating voltage. Since
    dielectric strength for a
    dielectric is greater than the
    dielectric strength for air
     Possible mechanical
    support between the plates
    which decreases d and
    increases C.
    Other Applications of Dielectrics

     Dielectric resonator antenna

     Sensors and circuit components

     Electromagnetic shielding applications etc.


    Thank You

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