Conjunction S

Conjunctions
HANIF MAGHFUR DARUSSALAM

What is a Conjunction?
 Conjunction is the common words that are

used to join (conjoin) parts of sentences.
Also, conjunctions may be used to begin
certain sentences.
A conjunction joins words, phrases, and

sentences, which are called clauses.
Conjunctions join two or more words.
Example: I went to the store to buy eggs, milk, and

bread.
Conjunctions can join two prepositional phrases.
Ex. I went skiing down the hill and past the trees.
Conjunctions can connect two clauses or sentences.

When two sentences are joined, a comma MUST be
placed before the conjunction.
Ex. I played cards for awhile, but then I played chess.

Types of Conjunction
 There are two different types of conjunctions:

coordinating conjunctions and
subordinating conjunctions.
 Conjunctions sometimes work in pairs and are

called correlative conjunctions.
Coordinating Conjunction
One type of conjunction is the coordinating

conjunction.
They connect words, phrases, and clauses, which

are sentences.
They connect things of equal value.

(This means that they would connect a noun with
another noun or a prepositional phrase with
another prepositional phrase.)
Coordinating Conjunction
There are seven coordinating conjunctions: Use

FANBOYS to remember
for and nor but
or yet so
And
Coordinating conjunctions affect the

meaning of your sentence.
“And” used to connect two things that are

alike and to communicate addition.
Ex. I want popcorn and pizza.

But

“But” is used to connect things that are

different or separated and to communicate
contrast
Ex. I want popcorn but not pizza.

Or

“Or” is used to offer a choice.
Ex. Do you want popcorn or pizza?

Nor

“Nor” is used to offer a negative choice.
Ex. I do not want popcorn nor pizza.

Yet

“Yet” is used to show a change and to

communicate contrast
Ex. I want popcorn, yet I also want pizza.

So

“So” is used to show a relationship between

things and to communicate a result/effect
Ex. I want popcorn, so I bought some.

For

“For” is also used to show a relationship

between things and to communicate a
reason/cause
Ex. I ordered a pizza, for I was hungry.

 Ex.
He only wears brown wingtips; consequently,
he does not wear white socks. ( Consequently joins two
independent clauses.)
 Ex.The shoes were not suede; however, they were

leather. (However joins two independent clauses.)
 Ex.
It was not a Halloween party; nevertheless,
many came dressed in costumes. (nevertheless joins
two independent clauses.)
More conjunction
Reason Coordinating Conjunction
To communicate additional consequently

information furthermore
however
indeed
moreover
nevertheless
then
therefore
Use them between two independent clauses.
Subordinate Conjunctions
They connect things which are not equal. One is less

important (subordinate) than the other.
Subordinating conjunctions are in sentences that contain a

dependent idea and a main idea. The dependent idea is
connected to the main idea by the subordinating conjunction.
Subordinating conjunctions always come before the

dependent idea in a sentence.
Subordinate Conjunctions
Reason Subordinate Conjunction
Regarding time after, before, once, since,

until, when,
whenever, while
To communicate a reason/cause as, because, since
To communicate a result/effect in order that, so, so that,
that
To communicate a condition if, even if, unless
To communicate contrast although, even though,
though,
Regarding location where, wherever
Regarding a choice than, whether
Example:
I cannot eat that cheese because it is too moldy.
We will go swimming after we hike to the lake.
I will eat cheese as long as it is fresh.
We will rake the leaves when more fall.
Since you didn’t play, we lost the game

Correlative Conjunctions
Another type of conjunction is called correlative

conjunctions.
Correlative conjunctions connect words, phrases,

and clauses, which are sentences.
Correlative conjunctions connect things of equal

value.
(This means that they will connect a verb with
another verb or a sentence with another sentence.)
Correlative Conjunctions
Correlative Conjunctions are not single words.

They work in pairs.
There are five pairs of correlative conjunctions:
both….and whether….or neither….nor
not only….but also either….or

both….and
I saw both the Statue of Liberty and the Empire

State Building.
either….or
Either the student or the teacher can answer the

question.
neither….nor
I don’t want neither pickles nor tomato on my

hamburger.
whether….or
I don’t know whether to play baseball or to play

basketball this year.
not only….but also
I not only play the flute, but also play the clarinet.
1. He listened to the man's story _____ reported it to the policeman on
duty.
2. The old man doesn’t have much money _____ he always seems to
have nice things.
3. Either we are going to win ______ they are going to win.
4. I don’t have much time _____ hurry up!
5. I am smarter than my brother, ___ he still got a higher grade on the
test.
6. I want to get there early ____ we should leave soon.
7. It doesn’t matter whether they get the job ___ not.
8. I haven't seen my brother _____ he left for college two years ago.
9. Sarah did not feel well, _____ she went to class anyway.
10. We played very well ____ we still lost the game.
11. Jim is not only class president, ___ he is also captain of the football
team.
12. _____ radio nor television offered any good programs last night .
13. I think I heard that on the television or radio, ____I am not sure.

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Conjunctions

HANIF MAGHFUR DARUSSALAM

 Conjunction is the common words that are

A conjunction joins words, phrases, and

Conjunctions join two or more words.

Example: I went to the store to buy eggs, milk, and

Conjunctions can join two prepositional phrases.

Conjunctions can connect two clauses or sentences.

Ex. I played cards for awhile, but then I played chess.

 There are two different types of conjunctions:

 Conjunctions sometimes work in pairs and are

One type of conjunction is the coordinating

They connect words, phrases, and clauses, which

They connect things of equal value.

There are seven coordinating conjunctions: Use

for and nor but

Coordinating conjunctions affect the

“And” used to connect two things that are

Ex. I want popcorn and pizza.

Coordinating conjunctions affect the

“But” is used to connect things that are

Ex. I want popcorn but not pizza.

Coordinating conjunctions affect the

“Or” is used to offer a choice.

Ex. Do you want popcorn or pizza?

Coordinating conjunctions affect the

“Nor” is used to offer a negative choice.

Ex. I do not want popcorn nor pizza.

Coordinating conjunctions affect the

“Yet” is used to show a change and to

Ex. I want popcorn, yet I also want pizza.

Coordinating conjunctions affect the

“So” is used to show a relationship between

Ex. I want popcorn, so I bought some.

Coordinating conjunctions affect the

“For” is also used to show a relationship

Ex. I ordered a pizza, for I was hungry.

 Ex.The shoes were not suede; however, they were

Reason Coordinating Conjunction

To communicate additional consequently

They connect things which are not equal. One is less

Subordinating conjunctions are in sentences that contain a

Subordinating conjunctions always come before the

Reason Subordinate Conjunction

Regarding time after, before, once, since,

I cannot eat that cheese because it is too moldy.

We will go swimming after we hike to the lake.

I will eat cheese as long as it is fresh.

We will rake the leaves when more fall.

Since you didn’t play, we lost the game

Another type of conjunction is called correlative

Correlative conjunctions connect words, phrases,

Correlative conjunctions connect things of equal

Correlative Conjunctions are not single words.

both….and whether….or neither….nor

not only….but also either….or

I saw both the Statue of Liberty and the Empire

Either the student or the teacher can answer the

I don’t want neither pickles nor tomato on my