INDUCTORS

INDUCTOR
AND
TRANSFORMER
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INDUCTORS – are basically a coil of
INDUCTORS wire that may or may not be wrapped
around a coil.
 Often used as filtering in power

supplies.
 An inductor, also called a coil,
choke, or reactor, is a passive two-
terminal electrical component that
stores energy in a magnetic field
when electric current flows through
it.
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.
An inductor is described by its
distinctive nature of inductance, which
is defined as the ratio of the voltage to
the rate of change of current.
Inductance is a result of the induced
magnetic field on the coil. It is also
determined by several factors such as;
• The number of turns and layers of the wire.

• The space that is given between the turns.
• Permeability of the core material.
• The size of the core.
The S.I. unit of inductance is henry (H)

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and when we measure magnetic circuits

it is equivalent to weber/ampere. It is
denoted by the symbol L.
Symbols for an Inductor
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Different Types of Inductors
Depending on the type of material used

inductors can be classified as follows:
1.Iron Core Inductor

2.Air Core Inductor
3.Iron Powder Inductor
4.Ferrite Core Inductor which is divided
into,
• Soft Ferrite
• Hard Ferrite
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IRON CORE INDUCTOR
● In the areas where low space inductors are

in need then these iron core inductors are
best option.
● These inductors have high power and high
inductance value but limited in high
frequency capacity. These are applicable in
audio equipment's. When compared with
other core indictors these have very limited
applications
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AIR CORE CONDUCTOR
● Ceramic core inductors are referred as

“Air core inductors”. Ceramic is the
most commonly used material for
inductor cores. Ceramic has very low
thermal co-efficient of expansion, so even
for a range of operating temperatures the
stability of the inductor’s inductance is
high. Since ceramic has no magnetic
properties, there is no increase in the
permeability value due to the core
material.
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IRON CORE INDUCTOR
● In the areas where low space inductors are

in need then these iron core inductors are
best option.
● These inductors have high power and high
inductance value but limited in high
frequency capacity.
● These are applicable in audio equipments.
When compared with other core indictors
these have very limited applications.
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IRON POWDER CORE INDUCTOR
● These are formed from very fine particles with

insulated particles of highly pure iron powder.
This type of inductor contains nearly 100% iron
only.
● It gives us a solid-looking core when this iron
power is compressed under very high pressure
and mixed with a binder such as epoxy or
phenolic.
● By this action iron powder forms like a magnetic
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solid structure which consists of a distributed air

gap.
Ferrite Core Inductor
● These types of inductors use ferrite cores. Ferrite

is a material with high magnetic permeability
made from the mixture of iron oxide (ferric oxide,
Fe2O3) and a small percentage of other metals
such as nickel, zinc, barium, etc.
● The ferrite core has very low electrical
conductivity which reduces the eddy current in
the core, resulting in very low eddy current loss
at high frequency. Hence they can be used in
high-frequency applications. They also offer
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advantages of decreased cost.

There are two types of ferrites:
Hard Ferrites and Soft Ferrites.
● The Hard ferrites are also called

permanent magnets. These will keep the
polarity of the magnetization even after
removing the magnetic field. They are
not used in inductors because of their
high hysteresis loss
● The Soft ferrites can reverse the
polarity of their magnetization without
any particular amount of energy needed
to reverse the magnetic polarity. Their
magnetization changes easily and are
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good conductors of the magnetic field.

Thus they are used in transformers and
inductors
INDUCTOR CONNECTIONS
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TRANSFORMER
● Are type of inductor made up of two or more
coils usually wound on some type of form.
● Transformers windings are two types

where primary winding draws energy from
the main source and the secondary winding
transmits the energy to the load.
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TYPES OF TRANSFORMER
1. AUTO TRANSFORMER – Utilized one coil

that acts its primary winding and a part or
proportion, acts as a secondary winding (STEP
DOWN). Or the whole coil secondary ending and a
part of it act as the primary winding (SET UP).
● In this type of transformer, the current of the

power source is carried through the secondary
winding.
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2. ISOLATION TRANSFORMER – it is not directly
connected to the main power source, thus reducing the
chance of electric shock to the user.
● Another advantage of isolated secondary winding is

that if any DC is present in the primary winding, it is
automatically blocked at the form of winding.
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PARTS OF TRANSFORMER
1. PRIMARY WINDING – this refers to the input of the

transformer where the main power source connected.
2. SECONDARY WINDING – this is the output side of

the transformer where the load is connected.
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PARTS OF TRANSFORMER
3. CORE – it is a metal or magnetic material placed inside

the winding of the transformer to intensify the induction
process of the transformer.
4. BOBBIN – Usually made of plastic materials, used to

support the primary and secondary windings.
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TRANSFORMER
CALCULATIONS
.
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INDUCTOR

 Often used as filtering in power

• The number of turns and layers of the wire.

The S.I. unit of inductance is henry (H)

and when we measure magnetic circuits

Depending on the type of material used

1.Iron Core Inductor

● In the areas where low space inductors are

● Ceramic core inductors are referred as

● In the areas where low space inductors are

● These are formed from very fine particles with

solid structure which consists of a distributed air

● These types of inductors use ferrite cores. Ferrite

advantages of decreased cost.

● The Hard ferrites are also called

good conductors of the magnetic field.

● Transformers windings are two types

1. AUTO TRANSFORMER – Utilized one coil

● In this type of transformer, the current of the

● Another advantage of isolated secondary winding is

1. PRIMARY WINDING – this refers to the input of the

2. SECONDARY WINDING – this is the output side of

3. CORE – it is a metal or magnetic material placed inside

4. BOBBIN – Usually made of plastic materials, used to

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