Science 6

Week 2
Day 1
What to Do Before,
During, and After an
Earthquake
Directions: Put a check mark (√ ) if the statement is
correct and (x) if not. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.
_____ 1. An earthquake is the sudden movement or
vibration of the earth’s crust.
_____ 2. Earthquakes are triggered when two plates slide
past each other along faults.
_____ 3. The strongest shaking of the ground is felt at
the epicenter.
_____ 4. Earthquake does not change the earth’s
surface.
_____ 5. Earthquakes usually happen along faults.
Show them a video clip of earthquake and
volcanic eruption.
Discuss it to the class.
 Disaster Preparedness for Earthquake
Earthquakes are usually caused when underground
rocks suddenly move along a fault. This sudden release
of energy causes seismic waves that make the ground
shake. Although earthquakes cannot be predicted,
experts from the Philippine Institute of Volcanology
and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) made a scientific study of
the patterns of earthquake occurrences in the Philippines.
Based on their studies, the National Capital Region might
experience a very strong earthquake in the coming years.
PHIVOLCS calls it the Big One. Because of the Big One,
the National Government through the National
Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council
(NDRRMC) prepared major risk reduction measures to
lessen casualties and destruction of properties.
Earthquake preparedness is a set of measures taken at
the individual, organizational, and societal levels to
minimize the effects of an earthquake. Preparedness
measures can range from securing heavy objects, having
structural modifications, and storing supplies to having
insurance, an emergency kit, and evacuation plans.
A. Before an Earthquake
1. Evaluate the structure of your house and
building. Identify the potential source of
hazards such as steep hill slopes, hanging
objects, falling debris, etc. Give attention and
consideration to these possible sources of
hazards.
2. Familiarize yourself with your place. Make a
plan of the routes you will take to get out of the
buildings in case of an earthquake.
3. Find the place where fire extinguishers, first
aid kits, alarms, and communication facilities
are located.
4. Prepare an emergency plan to cope with the
disaster.
5. Have a stock of potable water, a flashlight, a
radio, batteries, spare clothes, and some food.
This could help you for a safe evacuation.
B. During Earthquake
1. Keep calm when you feel the earthquake. If you
are inside a building, go under a desk or table. If
you are outside, stay away from buildings or
electric posts, or anything that might fall.
2. Do not rush to the exit when you are in a
crowded place like theaters, malls, train stations, or
stadiums. These structures may collapse and fall.
3. If you are on the road inside a car, ask the driver
to stop and park the car away from buildings,
electric wires, or posts.
4. Do not use the elevators during and after
the earthquake. You can be stranded inside
the elevators if a power failure occurs.
5. If you are residing near a coastal area,
always be aware of tsunamis. If you feel an
earthquake, immediately run to higher
grounds.
C. After an Earthquake
1. Find a safe place when the earthquake is
over. Aftershocks are likely to follow.
2. Check the members of your family. If
someone is missing, seek help to find them.
3. Do not attempt to cross bridges and
overpasses which may have been damaged
by the earthquake.
4. Check for fires, if there are any. Some
damages from the earthquake may result in
fire. In case you see a fire, locate the nearest
fire control or alarm unit and use it.
5. Keep yourself updated and alert.
Authorities may issue some instructions to
reduce the effects of earthquakes.
Directions: Identify whether the statement
expresses things to be done before, during,
or after an earthquake. Write BEFORE,
DURING or AFTER. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. If you are on the road inside a car, ask the
driver to stop and park the car away from
buildings, electric wires, or posts.
2. Prepare an emergency plan to cope with
the disaster.
3. Check the members of your family. If
someone is missing, seek help to find them.
4. Find a safe place when the earthquake is
over. Aftershocks are likely to follow.
5. Evaluate the structure of your house or
building.
3. Check the members of your family. If
someone is missing, seek help to find them.
4. Find a safe place when the earthquake is
over. Aftershocks are likely to follow.
5. Evaluate the structure of your house or
building.
Directions: Read the statement below. Write
True if the statement tells about earthquake
preparedness; or False if it does not tell about
earthquake preparedness.
__________ 1. Store water and dry food
supplies good for a few days.
__________ 2. Turn off the gas tank in your
home to reduce the chance of having a fire.
__________ 3. Stay calm as possible when
an earthquake occurs.
__________ 4. Expect aftershocks.
Aftershocks can weaken structures. Be
aware.
__________ 5. Do not follow the instructions
of authorities.
Where will you go when an earthquake
occurs?
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer.
Write the letter of your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Which of the following statement is correct?
A. You should panic when an earthquake hits.
B. You should run while the earthquake is going on.
C. You should not follow what the proper authorities
will tell you.
D. You should prepare an emergency plan to cope
with the disaster.
2. What should you do during an earthquake?
A. You should run out of the house.
B. You should duck, cover, and hold.
C. You should panic and stay only inside the house.
D. You should lock your door so that nobody can enter.
3. What should you do after an earthquake when you
are in a building?
A. You should panic.
B. You should run while going out.
C. You should walk fast in moving out.
D. You should lock the door so that nobody will see you.
4. What should you do after an earthquake?
A. You should go to your neighbor.
B. You should prepare your emergency kit.
C. You should ignore what is happening outside.
D. You should stay in the evacuation center. Avoid going
back to your house, aftershocks may occur.
5. Which should NOT be done during an earthquake?
A. Do not run.
B. Stay calm and in control.
C. Do the duck, cover, and hold.
D. Do not follow the instructions of the authorities.
Day 2
Recall previous lesson.
Ask:

What are you going to do if there

is an earthquake?
Earthquakes can be devastating disasters, but
everyone who takes appropriate safety precautions
can minimize damages, injuries and other quake
problems. It can help to keep your family safe before,
during and after a quake. Prepare your home; keep
yourself, your family and your pets before the quake.
During the shaking, seek a safe location immediately,
don’t use elevator and stay calm. Quick thinking after
an earthquake hit can lessen dangers. Be prepared
for aftershocks and be patient after the disaster.
Directions: Identify if the pictures show what is to be
done before, during, or after an earthquake. Write
Before, During, and After. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. What should you do before an
earthquake?

2. What do you do during an

earthquake?

3. What should you do after an

earthquake?
Are you going to use the telephone to
call your family if an earthquake occurs?
Directions: Draw a Happy face  if the statement is true about
the precautionary measures to observe and a Sad face  if it is
not true. Do this in your Science activity notebook.
____1. Earthquake drill is important so that you will know what
to do if real earthquake happens.
____ 2. If you are in a car during the shaking, take off your seat
belt, get out of the car, and go hide under a tree.
____ 3. If an earthquake starts, find something strong to hold
onto.
____ 4. If you are outside during an earthquake, go find a street
light that can help you during a shaking.
____ 5. Once the shaking stops, and you are inside the
building, go outside if it is safe to do so.
Directions: Draw a Happy face  if the statement is true about
the precautionary measures to observe and a Sad face  if it is
not true. Do this in your Science activity notebook.
____1. Earthquake drill is important so that you will know what
to do if real earthquake happens.
____ 2. If you are in a car during the shaking, take off your seat
belt, get out of the car, and go hide under a tree.
____ 3. If an earthquake starts, find something strong to hold
onto.
____ 4. If you are outside during an earthquake, go find a street
light that can help you during a shaking.
____ 5. Once the shaking stops, and you are inside the
building, go outside if it is safe to do so.
Day 3
What to Do Before,
During, and After a
Volcanic Eruptions
Directions: Match the pictures on the left with the statements on
the right about the harmful effects of an earthquake. Write the
letter of your answer on a separate sheet of paper
Show them a video clip of a volcanic eruption.
Discuss it with the class.
What is a Volcano?
A volcano is an opening in Earth’s crust where lava,
pyro clasts, and gases are ejected onto the surface
during eruptions. A volcano is a landform. It may be a
hill, a mountain, a plateau, or just a fissure on Earth’s
crust. The most prominent part of the volcano is the cone
which is formed by mountainous accumulation of
volcanic materials. The other parts of a volcano are the
crater and the volcanic vent. The crater is a steep-
walled depression at the peak of the volcano, and the
volcanic vent is a cylindrical channel that connects the
crater or mouth of the magma chamber.
Some volcanoes have large craters called calderas that
can exceed one kilometer in diameter. Calderas are
formed when the summit of the volcano collapses during
violent or explosive eruptions. Volcanoes are categorized
into three groups: dormant, extinct, and active. Dormant
volcanoes have not erupted in a long time, but they could
again. Extinct volcanoes have erupted for thousands of
years and might be dead. Active volcanoes have erupted
recently, and they are probably going to erupt again soon.
In the Philippines, Mount Mayon and Taal Volcanos are
examples of active volcanoes.
What Happens During a Volcanic Eruption?

The magma chamber is surrounded by solid rocks.

These rocks press on the chamber causing the gas filled
magma to rise and comes out to the earth’s surface
through the main vent of the volcano. Materials like rock
fragments, gas, volcanic dust, volcanic ash, and volcanic
bombs are also ejected from the vent. Volcanic bombs
are the largest materials ejected by an erupting volcano
which can be one meter across and can weigh 91 metric
tons.
Volcanic bombs are large liquid globs of lava
that if the ejection is strong enough during
eruption it can be thrown from the vent for
miles to the air. The vent allows magma to
expand and erupt in the form of lava, ash,
cinder or gas. Cinder is a burned substance
that are not reduced to ashes. They are bits of
wood or coal that can burn but without flame.
Because magma is under extreme pressure,
the ejection of this material expands
explosively. Lava flows from the eruption site
and covers a large area. Pyroclastic materials
flow also in the form of superheated gas and
rock called tephra.
What are the Effects of a Volcanic Eruption?

On January 12, 2020, the Department of Science

and TechnologyPhilippine Institute of Volcanology
and Seismology (DOST-PHIVOLCS) raised the
alert level of Taal Volcano in Batangas (Region IV-
A) to four after it demonstrated an increasing
seismic activity. An Alert Level 4 means that a
hazardous explosive eruption is possible within
hours to days, therefore, declaring a “danger zone”
of up to 14 kilometers from the main crater.
What are the Effects of a Volcanic Eruption?
Directions: Write a word or a group of words
that can be associated with the word
VOLCANO. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.
Directions: Name the parts of the volcano. Write your answers
on a separate sheet of paper.
Do you think people should be allowed
to live at the foot of a volcano? Why or
why not?
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is an opening in the
earth’s crust through which molten rocks, hot
gases, and solid rocks are expelled?
A. hill B. mountain
C. valley D. volcano
2. Which of the following forms is NOT a part of a
volcano?
A. crater B. plate
C. vent D. magma chamber
3. The following statements about volcanoes are true
EXCEPT __________.
A. Volcanoes are all inactive.
B. Volcanoes are mountains or hills.
C. Volcanoes are also found under the sea.
D. Volcanoes have vents from which smoke and magma
come out.
4. Why are there many volcanoes in the Philippines?
A. The Philippines is an archipelago.
B. The Philippines is surrounded by water.
C. The Philippines is located near the equator.
D. There are many faults and trenches in the Philippines.
5. When does a volcanic eruption occur?
A. When pressure builds up and forces
magma up the vent
B. When rocks are broken down into pieces or
particles
C. When there is a vertical displacement of
seawater
D. When two plates slide past each other
Day 4
To protect the lives of people and prevent
great damage on properties, the following
precautionary measures should be observed
before, during and after volcanic eruption.
Before an Eruption

1. Be aware of unusual volcanic activity, such

as tremors, release of gases, and an increase
of temperature on the ground.
2. Stay tuned to the radio and follow warning
instructions from authority.
3. Evacuate if necessary.
4. Prepare emergency materials like food,
water and flashlight.
During an Eruption
1. Stay indoors.
2. Cover your nose with a damp cloth or face
mask ( if available) if there is smoke given off
and if you are near the area of eruption.
3. When air is heavy with ash, keep eyes
closed as much as possible.
4. Follow instructions from authorities as to
how far you should be from the volcano.
After an Eruption
1. Wait for instructions from authorities to return
home if you are in the evacuation area. 2. Remove
ash deposits on the roof and surroundings of your
house.
3. Cover your nose with damp cloth to protect
yourself from the ash and volcanic dust carried by
the wind.
4. Check if drinking water is safe. Do not drink
unsafe water to avoid diseases.
5. Check electrical wires at home.
Directions: List down at least five (5) effects of
volcanic eruptions either positive or negative. Write
your answers on a separate sheet of paper
Directions: Choose from the given choices inside the box
on what you should do before, during and after an
earthquake and volcanic eruption. Write the answers in
your Science activity notebook.
Situations
____1. You’re inside the car and suddenly an
earthquake strikes.
___ 2. An earthquake happens when you’re in a public
place.
___ 3. After an earthquake, you smell gas in your house.
___ 4. The ground shakes and you’re on the
road going to the market.
___ 5. You are inside the building when
volcano erupts.
Directions: Enumerate at least three (3) things you
should do before, during and after an earthquake and
volcanic eruption. Do this in your Science activity
notebook.
Day 5
Weekly Test