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    Chapter - 4

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    Chapter - 4

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    useful material for information system chapter 4

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    useful material for information system chapter 4

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    20 views10 pages

    Chapter - 4

    Uploaded by

    tashale
    useful material for information system chapter 4

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Chapter - 4

    Data Communication and Networking

    Data communication is a process of sharing ideas, information and messages


    with others in particular time and space.
    The basic components are:

     Computers (Input & Output Devices)

     A communication channel (Media)

     A communication Equipment ( Intermediate Device)

     Data transmission specifications ( Network rules & Procedures)

    1
    A computer network is a group of computers and associated peripheral devices connected by a
    communication channel.
    Benefits of a Computer Network
    Linking computers into networks provides benefits in the following areas:
     Hardware sharing like printer
     Software sharing.
     File sharing e.g.: - Assignment is found on server.
     Central disk storage – dedicated file server
     Administrative support
     E-mail services
     Internet access

    2
    Types of computer Networks
    a. local area network (LAN)

    LAN is a computer network that spans a relatively small area.

    b. Wide area network (WAN)

    It covers a much larger area than a LAN and is a public or a private network used to
    connect various locations

    c. Metropolitan area network (MAN)

    It is a computer network that spans a relatively large geographical area.


    3
    Network Media
    • Data signal must enter and leave a computer at a point to allow networked communication to occur.

    The data signal travels through transmission media.


    • Transmission media is a medium or a material through which data can be transmitted over the long

    distances. The speed or rate at which data is transmitted over a communication channel is denoted by a
    parameter called bandwidth.

    Transmission media is categorized as:


     Bounded (Guided) transmission media

     Unbounded (Unguided) transmission media

    4
    Guided Transmission Media
     Guided transmission media uses a cabling system that guides the data signals along a
    specific path.
     Coaxial cable
     Twisted-pair cable
     Fiber-optic cable

    Unguided Transmission Media


     consists of a means for the data signals to travel but nothing to guide them along a specific

    path.
     Infrared:- uses infrared light signals
     Radio Frequency:- uses low frequency density range 5
    Network Topologies
    A network topology is the arrangement of computers, cables, and other components on a network.
     Bus

    In a bus topology, all of the computers in a network are attached to a continuous cable, or
    segment, that connects them in a straight line
     Star

    In a star topology, cable segments from each computer on the network are connected to a central
    component, or hub

    6
     Ring

    In a ring topology, computers are connected on a single circle of cable


     Mesh

    In a mesh topology, each computer is connected to every other computer by a separate cable
     Hybrid

    In a hybrid topology, two or more topologies are combined to form a complete network
    design. Networks are rarely designed using only one type of topology.

    7
    Components that enable you to expand the network

    Modem
    Router
    Hub
    Switch
    Bridge
    Repeater
    Gateway

    8
    Network Protocols
    • Like network needs hardware, it also needs software. Because each task in network is governed by
    a set of rules called protocols.

    Ex:
     HTTP:-is hypertext transfer protocol which helps to communicate two computers application.

     TCP/IP:- Transport control protocol (internet protocol).

    Without TCP/ IP, there is NO internet access

    9
    THANK UUUUUUUUUUUUU

    10

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