Lecture 5.1 Traditional
Lecture 5.1 Traditional
Lecture 5.1 Traditional
Chapter 5
(SDLC)
Requirement Determination
Outline
Traditional Methods
Interview/Listening
Direct Observation
Document Analysis
Modern Methods
Joint Application Design(JAD)
Prototyping
Radical Methods
BPR
Agile 2
SDLC: Analysis
Analysis: Three essential views of the current and
replacement information systems:
Process. The sequence of data movement and
handling operations within the system.
Logic and timing. The rules by which data are
transformed and manipulated and an indication of
what triggers data transformation.
Data. The inherent structure of data independent of
how or when they are processed. The process view of
a system can be represented by data
3
SDLC: Analysis
1. Requirement Analysis/determination
Understanding existing system
2. Structural Analysis
Structuring & describing components
4
Requirement Determination
A fact-finding activity
Gather information on what the system
should do from as many sources as
possible:
from users of the current system;
from observing users; and
from reports, forms, and procedures.
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Requirement Determination
Primary deliverables
various forms of information gathered during the
determination process:
transcripts of interviews;
notes from observation and analysis of documents;
sets of forms, reports, job descriptions, and other
documents; and
computer-generated output such as system
prototypes.
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Requirement Determination
In addition to the deliverables:
The business objectives that drive what and how work is done
The information people need to do their jobs
The data (definition, volume, size, etc.) handled within the
organization to support the jobs
When, how, and by whom or what the data are moved, transformed,
and stored
The sequence and other dependencies among different data-handling
activities
The rules governing how data are handled and processed
Policies and guidelines that describe the nature of the business and the
market and environment in which it operates
Key events affecting data values and when these events occur
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Requirement determination
Traditional methods:
Interviewing and listening
Direct Observation
Document Analysis
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Requirement determination
Interviewing and listening
Gather facts, opinions, and speculation and
observe body language, emotions, and other
signs of what people want and how they
assess current systems.
Many variety of ways to effectively
interview someone
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Requirement determination
Interviewing and listening guideline
Plan the Interview
Prepare interviewee: appointment, priming questions
Prepare checklist, agenda, and questions
Listen carefully and take notes (record if
permitted)
Review notes within 48 hours of interview
Be neutral
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Requirement determination
Observation
People are not always very reliable
informants
Employees who know they are being
observed may
be nervous and make more mistakes than normal,
be careful to follow exact procedures they do not
typically follow, and
work faster or slower than normal. 13
Requirement determination
Analyzing procedures and other docs
Attempt to find all written documents about
the organizational areas relevant to the systems
under redesign.
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Requirement determination
In documents you can find information about:
Problems with existing systems (e.g., missing
information or redundant steps)
Opportunities to meet new needs if only certain
information or information processing were
available (e.g., analysis of sales based on customer
type)
Organizational direction that can influence
information system requirements (e.g., trying to
link customers and suppliers more closely to the
organization) 15
Requirement determination
In documents you can find information about:
Titles and names of key individuals who have an
interest in relevant existing systems
Values of the organization or individuals who can
help determine priorities for different capabilities
desired by different users
Special information processing circumstances that
occur irregularly that may not be identified by any
other requirements determination techniques.
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Requirement determination
In documents you can find information about:
The reason why current systems are designed as
they are, which can suggest features left out of
current software, which may now be feasible and
more desirable (e.g., data about a customer’s
purchase of competitors’ products were not
available when the current system was designed;
these data are now available from several sources)
Data, rules for processing data, and principles by
which the organization operates that must be
enforced by the information system 17
Requirement determination
Several ways of doing activities can be
observed:
Formal system: The official way a system
works as described in organizational
documentation.
Informal system: The way a system actually
works or is done.
Consensus required with top mgmt
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Requirement determination
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