3D

Printing By:
Alolor, Christine
Cortez, James
Laurente, John Marco
Noya, Mary Bernadette
Solis, Rizzamae
Topics Covered
 What is 3D PRINTING?

 HISTORY TIMELINE

 3D Printing Technologies

 3D Printing Process

 3d Printing In The Context Of Cloud Computing

 Applications and Examples of 3D Printing Uses

 3d Printing Advantages and Disadvantages

What is 3D PRINTING?

 The process of making three dimensional solid

objects from a digital file.
 Also known as additive manufacturing.
 An object is created by laying down successive
layers of material in different shapes until the
object is created.
 It produces complex shapes using less materials
than traditional manufacturing methods.
HISTORY
TIMELINE
1980
Hideo Kodama files the first 3D printing patent
application, describing a photopolymer rapid
prototyping system that uses UV light to harden the
material. The idea is never commercialized.

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 HISTORY TIMELINE

1983
Charles Hull invented the first
stereolithography apparatus (SLA)
machine.

1986
Charles Hull is granted the first
patent in 3D printing for an SLA
machine. Hull goes on to co-found 3D
Systems Corporation.

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 HISTORY TIMELINE

1987
Carl Deckard files a patent
for a selective laser sintering
(SLS) process. The patent was
issued in 1989 to DTM, Inc., a
company later acquired by 3D
Systems.

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 HISTORY TIMELINE

1999 2005
Wake Forest Institute of Dr. Adrian Bowyer invents
Regenerative Medicine grows the RepRap open-source
the first 3D printed organ for concept to create a self-
transplant surgery–a lab-grown replicating 3D printer process.
urinary bladder. This opened the doors for the
creation of several new 3D
printers.

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 HISTORY TIMELINE

2008
“Darwin” becomes the first
commercially available 3D printer that
was designed under the RepRap concept.
Shapeways launches a 3D printing
service that allows users to submit their
own files for personal fabrication.

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 HISTORY TIMELINE

2008
• The FDM patent previously held by Stratasys expires. The average FDM 3D
printer price drops from $10,000 to under $1,000
• Micro, a consumer 3D printer that supported PLA and ABS materials,
launches a successful Kickstarter campaign becoming the most funded 3D printer
project ever on the platform.
• Makerbot launches and brings 3D printing into the mainstream by
introducing do-ityourself kits for people that want to build their own 3D printers.
• Makerbot introduces the Thingverse file library that allows users to submit
and download 3D printable files, becoming the largest online 3D printing
community and file repository

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 HISTORY TIMELINE
2012
B9Creator and Form 1 launch successful
Kickstarter campaigns, introducing into the
entry-level market, alternative 3D printing
process: DLP technology and stereolithography,
respectively.

2013
Stratasys acquires Makerbot for around
$400 million

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 HISTORY TIMELINE
2015
Cellink, a Swedish company, introduces the first standardized
commercial bio-ink to the market, derived from a seaweed material called
non-cellulose alginate. The bio-ink can be used for printing tissue
cartilage. Later in the year, Cellink releases the INKREDIBLE 3D printer
for bioprinting services, creating an affordable market for bioprinting

2019
With the expiration of patents and open source projects, there are
over 170 3D printer system manufacturers across the world. This list
includes: 3D Systems, Stratasys, Fusion3, Formlabs, Desktop Metal,
Prusa, and Voxel8, among many others

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 3D Printing
Technologies

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 Here are also different types of 3D printers
depending on the size, detail and scope of a
project. Each different type of printer will vary
slightly on how an object gets printed.

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Different Types Of 3D Printers Technologies:

1. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)

2. Stereolithography (SLA) Technology
3. Digital Light Processing (DLP)
4. Continuous Liquid Interface Production (CLIP)
5. Material Jetting
6. Binder Jetting
7. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
8. Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
9. Multi-Jet Fusion (MJF)
10.Sheet Lamination
11. Directed Energy Deposition

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 3D Printing Technologies

1. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)

FDM is probably the most widely used

form of 3D printing. It’s incredibly useful
for manufacturing prototypes and models
with plastic.

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 3D Printing Technologies

2. Stereolithography (SLA)
Technology

SLA is a fast prototyping printing type that

is best suited for printing in intricate detail.
The printer uses an ultraviolet laser to craft
the objects within hours.

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 3D Printing Technologies

3. Digital Light Processing (DLP)

DLP is one of the oldest forms of 3D

printing. DLP uses lamps to produce prints
at higher speeds than SLA printing because
the layers dry in seconds.

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 3D Printing Technologies
4. Continuous Liquid Interface
Production (CLIP)

CLIP is amongst the faster processes that use Vat

Photopolymerisation. The CLIP process utilizes
Digital Light Synthesis technology to project a
sequence of UV images across a cross-section of a 3D
printed part, resulting in a precisely controlled curing
process. The part is then baked in a thermal bath or
oven, causing several chemical reactions that allow
the part to harden.

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 3D Printing Technologies

5. Material Jetting

Material Jetting applies droplets of material

through a small diameter nozzle layer-by-
layer to build a platform, which becomes
hardened by UV light.

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 3D Printing Technologies

6. Binder Jetting

Binder Jetting utilizes a powder base

material layered evenly along with a liquid
binder, which is applied through jet nozzles
to act as an adhesive for the powder
particles.

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 3D Printing Technologies

7. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)

FDM, also known as Fused Filament Fabrication

(FFF), works by unwinding a plastic filament
from a spool and flowing through a heated
nozzle in horizontal and vertical directions,
forming the object immediately as the melted
material hardens.

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 3D Printing Technologies

8. Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)

A form of Powder Bed Fusion, SLS fuses small

particles of powder together by use of a high-
power laser to create a three-dimensional shape.
The laser scans each layer on a powder bed and
selectively fuses them, then lowering the powder
bed by one thickness and repeating the process
through completion.

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 3D Printing Technologies

9. Multi-Jet Fusion (MJF)

Another form of Powder Bed Fusion, MJF uses a

sweeping arm to deposit powder and an inkjet-
equipped arm to apply binder selectively on top. Next,
a detailing agent is applied around the detailing agent
for precision. Finally, thermal energy is applied to
cause a chemical reaction. Direct Metal Laser
Sintering (DMLS) also utilizes this same process but
with metal powder specifically.

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 3D Printing Technologies

10. Sheet Lamination

Sheet Lamination binds material in sheets

through external force and welds them
together through layered ultrasonic
welding. The sheets are then milled in a
CNC machine to form the object’s shape.

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 3D Printing Technologies

11. Directed Energy Deposition

Directed Energy Deposition is common in the

metal industry and operates by a 3D printing
apparatus attached to a multi-axis robotic arm
with a nozzle for applying metal powder. The
powder is applied to a surface and energy
source, which then melts the material to form a
solid object.

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3D Printing
Process

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 3D Printing Process
What is the 3D Printing Process: How does it Work?

3D Printing is the future of manufacturing physical products;

therefore, it is imperative that everyone, especially technical
students, engineers, product development managers, and
entrepreneurs, understand the 3D printing process. 3D
printing encompasses a wide range of distinct technologies,
such as fused deposition modelling, stereolithography, digital
light processing, selective laser sintering, and many others;
however, the fundamental concept of producing parts by
building them up layer by layer has not changed. For the
purpose of providing an explanation, we will now demonstrate
how a SLA 3D Printing process works.

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 3D Printing Process
Step 1: CAD Model
The first step in the 3D printing process is typically to create a 3D digital model of the
object you want to print using CAD modelling software (Catia, Fusion360, Solidworks, Creo, etc.) or a
3D scanner, or even photogrammetry software. This digital model will serve as the blueprint for the
physical object to be created by the 3D printer. Once the digital model is complete, it must be
converted into a 3D printer-compatible format, such as an STL file.
Step 2: Slicing
The second step in the process is to prepare the model for printing. This involves the
use of a slicing software which helps you control the printing parameters to ensure the print is
successful and is printed the way you want. The slicing software or Slicer, literally slices the 3D model
into multiple layers depending on the specifications you provide. These slices (also called as layers)
are then deposited one above the other during the actual printing process. The slicer converts the
design into co-ordinates which the printer understands and the material is deposited as per the co-
ordinates.
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 3D Printing Process

Step 3: Setting up the Machine

This step is often not talked about much as it is assumed that users will know about it. And even though it is
obvious that you should ensure your machine is ready, most beginners fail to set up the machine. So, before you start printing,
ensure your build plate is clean, is dry, it does not have any earlier material residue. Also ensure you have the appropriate
material loaded in the machine. The appropriate filament in case of FDM printer, the appropriate resin in case of resin 3D
printer, appropriate powder in case of SLS 3D printer and so on.

Step 4: 3D Printing
The printing process is started after the 3D printer has been prepared and the appropriate settings have been
configured. The 3D printer reads the gcode file generated by the slicing software and begins layer by layer construction of the
object. Depending on factors such as the complexity of the object, the size of the print, the type of material used, and the
resolution and speed of the 3D printer, the printing process can take anywhere from a few minutes to several hours or even
days.

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 3D Printing Process

Step 5: Post Processing

The last step in the 3D printing process. When the printer

comes to a halt, the print must be removed from the bed. This
process varies depending on the technology used. In case of resin
3D printing, the resin material, at first, has to be allowed to drained
into the resin tank. Once the part does not drip the liquid material, the
part is passed through the washing and curing station where the
excess material is washed in Iso Propyl Alcohol (IPA) and the part is
cured in a UV chamber to increase its strength. Kindly ensure you
are using gloves and a mask at all times as the resin materials are
toxic and you should not inhale these fumes that are generated
during the printing process.

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 3D Printing Process

How 3D Printing Works?

3D printing is a type of
additive manufacturing technology that creates 3D
objects by layering materials. 3D printers work in
the same way that inkjet printers do. 3D printers,
unlike inkjet printers, use different types of
materials rather than ink. Polymers, metals,
ceramics, composites, concrete, bioinks, and other
materials may be used. To make a physical object,
the material is deposited in layers.

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3d Printing In The
Context Of Cloud
Computing

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3d Printing In The Context Of Cloud Computing

In the context of cloud computing, 3D printing can be

integrated into various aspects of the cloud ecosystem to enhance
its capabilities and provide innovative solutions. Here's how 3D
printing fits into the context of cloud computing:

1.Digital Design and Prototyping: 3D printing via cloud platforms allows for rapid
creation and sharing of digital designs, streamlining collaboration.
2.On-Demand Production: Cloud-connected 3D printing enables customized, just-in-
time manufacturing, reducing inventory costs and lead times.
3.Resource Optimization: Cloud-based analytics optimize 3D printing resource
allocation, enhancing efficiency.

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3d Printing In The Context Of Cloud Computing

4. Decentralized Manufacturing: Cloud-linked 3D printing facilities globally

distribute production, reducing transportation costs and supply chain length.
5. Agile Manufacturing: 3D printing's rapid prototyping and production
adapt quickly to changing market demands.
6. Cost-Effective Production: Cloud-driven 3D printing lowers costs
through aggregated demand and reduced waste.
7. Sustainability: 3D printing's localized production and reduced waste
contribute to environmental sustainability within cloud manufacturing
frameworks.

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Applications and
Examples of 3D
Printing Uses

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 Applications and Examples of 3D Printing Uses

The use of 3D printing has revolutionized manufacturing

since the 21st century, offering limitless possibilities in creating complex
parts. Unlike traditional methods like CNC machining or injection molding,
3D printing requires less skill and preparation. Its applications span
aerospace components, medical implants, tools, home decor, and more.
This article explores 10 applications, various 3D printing types, benefits,
and related topics.

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 Applications and Examples of 3D Printing Uses

1. Prosthetics

3D printing has revolutionized how prosthetics are created.

As 3D printing processes and techniques are refined, the creation of
custom, tailored prosthetics becomes more straightforward and more
efficient. Prosthetics can quickly be modeled in CAD (computer-aided
design) software and fabricated by 3D printing. If any errors or defects
are found in a 3D-printed prosthetic, it can easily be modified in CAD,
and reprinted. Consequently, 3D printing of prosthetics can lead to
better patient outcomes, comfort, and satisfaction.

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 Applications and Examples of 3D Printing Uses

2. Replacement Parts

Another application of 3D printing is the ability to

fabricate replacement parts easily. This can be enormously
beneficial to consumers since it reduces both the need to
travel to pick up parts and the long lead times to obtain them.
3D printing enables consumers and businesses to maximize
the value of their purchases and spend more time on more
important matters.

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 Applications and Examples of 3D Printing Uses

3. Implants

The 3D printing of implants allows the construction of more specialized

products for patients. Patient outcomes are improved when parts with complex
geometries can be fabricated quickly. Items like tooth implants, heart valves, knee
replacements, and maxillofacial implants are all examples of implants that can be 3D
printed. Soon, entire organs could be 3D printed which could dramatically improve
outcomes for patients awaiting transplants.

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 Applications and Examples of 3D Printing Uses

4. Pharmaceuticals
3D printing can create drugs of different shapes
and sizes and can be used to spatially distribute active and
inactive ingredients in the body. This enables 3D-printed
drugs to have special delivery profiles that can be tailored
to patients’ specific needs. While only one drug, Spritam®,
a levetiracetam produced by Aprecia Pharmaceuticals has
been 3D printed, 3D printing may enable on-demand, local
fabrication of additional drugs in the future.

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 Applications and Examples of 3D Printing Uses

5. Emergency Structures

Natural disasters such as hurricanes, wildfires,

and tornados can leave many people homeless for an
extended time. 3D printing can help alleviate the hardships
of affected families by building houses, hospitals, and other
structures much faster than the time it takes to build these
structures by traditional means.

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 Applications and Examples of 3D Printing Uses

6. Aeronautics and Space Travel

As humanity looks to expand its presence in

space, 3D printing can be used for the on-demand
fabrication of tools, equipment, and entire structures in
space and extraterrestrial environments. Meanwhile on
Earth, 3D printing can be used to produce advanced
aerospace components such as airframes, avionics
housings, and more. Overall, 3D printing can help make
space travel more cost-effective and consequently aid in
creating a sustainable human presence.

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 Applications and Examples of 3D Printing Uses

7. Custom Clothing

The fashion industry is notorious for the amount

of waste generated by discarded apparel. 3D printing can
help alleviate some of this waste by enabling the
fabrication of custom clothing. By allowing consumers the
ability to print clothing specific to their measurements and
fashion tastes on demand, consumers can obtain more of
what they want with less waste.

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 Applications and Examples of 3D Printing Uses

8. Custom-Fitted Personal Products

Many of the objects that people encounter every

day are designed with the average body type or size in
mind. Items like doors, chairs, clothing, keyboards, and
desks are designed to be used by a person with an average
build within a particular region. This is difficult for many
people who fall outside of these “average build” bounds
and can lead to discomfort and disability. 3D printing
allows the creation of custom-fitted personal products
which improve ergonomics, comfort, and safety for
everyone.
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 Applications and Examples of 3D Printing Uses

9. Educational Materials

3D printing can be used to provide students with

tangible objects that can be used for learning. Items like
topographical maps or biological replicas can be 3D printed
to enhance learning. As a result, 3D printing can be used to
catalyze creativity, better learning, and foster collaboration.

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 Applications and Examples of 3D Printing Uses

10. Food

3D printing can also be used to print food. Today, stem

cells are already used to make lab-grown meat and
vegetables. In the future, 3D printing could be used to
produce large amounts of fruits, vegetables, and meat,
which can help to feed the world while reducing the
amount of land dedicated to livestock and farming.

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3d Printing
Advantages and
Disadvantages

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3d Printing Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages of 3D Printing Disadvantages of 3D Printing

1. Flexible Design: Allows more complex 1. Limited Materials: Selection of plastics and
designs. metals is not exhaustive.
2. Rapid Prototyping: Parts can be 2. Restricted Build Size: Print chambers have
manufactured within hours. small sizes, larger parts need to be joined after
printing.

3. Print on Demand: Saves space and costs as 3. Post Processing: Most parts require
no need for large stock inventories. cleaning up and other post processing methods.
4. Strong and Lightweight Parts: Important for 4. Large Volumes: Cost per unit does not
industries like automotive and aerospace. reduce significantly when scaled up for mass
production.

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3d Printing Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages of 3D Printing Disadvantages of 3D Printing

5. Fast Design and Production: Objects can 5. Part Structure: Layers can delaminate
be printed quickly depending on complexity. under stress due to the layer-by-layer
production process.

6. Minimising Waste: Only the material 6. Reduction in Manufacturing

needed for the part is used, reducing wastage. Jobs: Automation could lead to job losses in
manufacturing sectors.

7. Cost Effective: Saves time and costs by 7. Design Inaccuracies: Some printers have
using a single step manufacturing process. lower tolerances, requiring post processing to
meet design specifications.

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3d Printing Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages of 3D Printing Disadvantages of 3D Printing

8. Ease of Access: More accessible with local 8. Copyright Issues: Increased risk of fake
service providers offering outsourcing services. and counterfeit products due to accessibility of
the technology.

9. Environmentally Friendly: Reduces

material wastage and can improve fuel
efficiency with lightweight parts.

10. Advanced Healthcare: Capable of printing

organs and advancing medical technologies.

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questions?
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GOOD BLESS