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    Patholpgic Change in Emphysemia

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    The document provides information about emphysema including its definition, causes, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, treatment and management. Emphysema is a chronic lung disease characterized by damage to the alveoli causing difficulty breathing. Cigarette smoking is the primary cause and symptoms develop gradually over many years.

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    Patholpgic Change in Emphysemia

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    12 views16 pages
    The document provides information about emphysema including its definition, causes, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, treatment and management. Emphysema is a chronic lung disease characterized by damage to the alveoli causing difficulty breathing. Cigarette smoking is the primary cause and symptoms develop gradually over many years.

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    The document provides information about emphysema including its definition, causes, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, treatment and management. Emphysema is a chronic lung disease characterized by damage to the alveoli causing difficulty breathing. Cigarette smoking is the primary cause and symptoms develop gradually over many years.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    12 views16 pages

    Patholpgic Change in Emphysemia

    Uploaded by

    fenil1194
    The document provides information about emphysema including its definition, causes, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, treatment and management. Emphysema is a chronic lung disease characterized by damage to the alveoli causing difficulty breathing. Cigarette smoking is the primary cause and symptoms develop gradually over many years.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 16

    EMPHYSEMA

    MS KRISHA PATEL
    2nd YEAR BSC
    NURSING (SEM – 3)
    S.S.R.C.N VAPI
    INTRODUCTION

    Emphysema is a COPD characterized by


    permanent enlargement of air sacs (alveoli)
    distal to terminals bronchiole accompanied
    by destruction of their wall , causing a
    decrease in lungs function & often
    breathlessness.
    When the enlargement of air spaces is not
    accompanied by destruction , it is known as
    overinfection.
    DEFINITION

    • “ A disorder affecting the alveoli (tiny air


    sacs) of the lung”.
    • The transfer of oxygen & carbon dioxide in
    the walls of the alveoli.
    • In emphysema , the alveoli become
    abnormally inflated , damaging their walls
    and making it harder to breathe.
    CAUSES
    • Having cigarette smoking 80 – 90 % of all
    emphysema.
    • Less commonly by long - term exposure to air
    pollution other lung irritants.
    • Lungs Abscess.
    • Occupational exposure to chemical irritants.
    • Inherited genetic defects.
    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
    • Normally functioning lungs are elastic , efficiently
    expanding and recoiling as air passes freely
    through the bronchus to the alveoli.
    • When oxygen is moved into the blood and carbon
    dioxide is filtered out.
    • When a person inhales cigarette smoke or certain
    other irritants, hid or her immune system responds
    by releasing substances that are meant to defend
    the lungs against the smoke.
    CONTI…

    • These substance can also attack the cells of the lungs ,


    but the body normally inhibits such action with the
    release of other substance.
    • In smokers and those with the inherited defects ,
    however, no such prevention occurs and the lung tissue
    is damaged in such a way that it loses its elasticity.
    • The small passageways leading to the alveoli collapse ,
    trapping air within the alveoli.
    CONTI…
    • The alveoli , unable to recoil efficiently and move
    the or out , over expand and rapture.
    • As the disease progresses coughing and shortness of
    breath respiratory disease , particularly chronic
    bronchitis.
    • Emphysema is most common among people aged 50
    & older , most among men.
    • The with inherited emphysema may experiences the
    onset as early their thirties or forties .
    PATHOLOGIC CHANGE
    Grossly the alveoli are dilated , lungs are voluminous ,
    pale with little blood.
    Sub-pleural bullae ( air filled bubble like structure
    formed by rupture of adjacent air spaces.) & bulging
    outwards frame the surface of the lungs is seen in
    advanced cases.
    Microscopically , there is dilatation of septal walls of
    respiratory bronchioles , alveolar sacs & ducts.
    SYMPTOMES
    1. The symptoms of emphysema develop
    gradually over many years .
    2. Shortness of breath .
    3. Chronic mild cough ( thick sputum).
    4. Sometimes weight loss are associated with
    emphysema .
    5. Emphysema patients may also develop an
    enlarged or “ barrel” chest.
    BARREL CHEST
    CONTI…

    6. Difficulty sleeping.
    7. Moring headache
    8. chronic fatigue
    9. Swelling of the feet, ankles , legs.
    10.Cyanosis.
    CONTI…

    11.Hyperinflation
    12. Difficulty concentrating.
    13.Wheezing.
    14.Constant coughing or need to clear
    the throat.
    Hyperinflation
    TREATMENT
    Treating emphysema focuses on improving
    emphysema symptoms:
    • Smoking cessation
    • Medication are usually prescribed to widen the airways
    ( bronchodilation).
    • And reduce swelling in the airways .
    • Antibiotics ( to treat lung infection).
     Oxygen therepy
    CONTI..
    Lungs volume reduction surgery .
    ( surgical removal of large areas of damage
    lungs.)
     Pulmonary rehabilitation.
    Lungs transplantation.
    ( This is the most drastic of emphysema
    treatments.)
    YOU

    THANK

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