C H A P T E R 01

Signals and Amplifiers

Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
 Figure 1.1 Two alternative representations of a signal source: (a) the Thévenin form; (b) the Norton form.

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 Figure 1.2 Circuits for Example 1.1.

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 Figure 1.5 A symmetrical square-wave signal of amplitude V.

Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
 Figure 1.6 The frequency spectrum (also known as the line spectrum) of the periodic square wave of Fig. 1.5.

Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
 Figure 1.7 The frequency spectrum of an arbitrary waveform such as that in Fig. 1.3.

Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
 Figure 1.8 Sampling the continuous-time analog signal in (a) results in the discrete-time signal in (b).

Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
 Figure 1.9 Variation of a particular binary digital signal with time.

Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
 Figure 1.10 Block-diagram representation of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC).

Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
 Figure 1.11 (a) Circuit symbol for amplifier. (b) An amplifier with a common terminal (ground) between
the input and output ports.

Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
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 Figure 1.13 An amplifier that requires two dc supplies (shown as batteries) for operation.

Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
 Figure 1.14 An amplifier transfer characteristic that is linear except for output saturation.

Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
 Figure 1.15 Symbol convention employed throughout the book.

Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
 Figure 1.16 (a) Circuit model for the voltage amplifier. (b) The voltage amplifier with input signal
source and load.

Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
 Figure 1.17 Three-stage amplifier for Example 1.3.

Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
 Table 1.1 The Four Amplifier Types

Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
 Figure 1.18 Determining the output resistance.

Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
 Figure 1.19 (a) Small-signal circuit model for a bipolar junction transistor (BJT). (b) The BJT connected as an amplifier with
the emitter as a common terminal between input and output (called a common-emitter amplifier). (c) An alternative small-
signal circuit model for the BJT.

Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
 Figure E1.21

Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
 Figure 1.20 Measuring the frequency response of a linear amplifier: At the test frequency ω , the amplifier gain is characterized
by its magnitude (Vo /Vi) and phase ø .

Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
 Figure 1.22 Two examples of STC networks: (a) a low-pass network and (b) a high-pass network.

Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
 Figure 1.23 (a) Magnitude and (b) phase response of STC networks of the low-pass type.

Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
 Figure 1.24 (a) Magnitude and (b) phase response of STC networks of the high-pass type.

Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
 Figure 1.25 Circuit for Example 1.5.

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 Figure 1.26 Frequency response for (a) a capacitively coupled amplifier, (b) a direct-coupled amplifier, and (c) a tuned or
bandpass amplifier.

Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
 Figure 1.27 Use of a capacitor to couple amplifier stages.

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 Figure E1.24

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 Figure P1.6

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 Figure P1.10

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 Figure P1.14

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 Figure P1.15

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 Figure P1.16

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 Figure P1.17

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 Figure P1.18

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 Figure P1.37

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 Figure P1.56

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 Figure P1.61

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 Figure P1.63

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 Figure P1.64

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 Figure P1.66

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 Figure P1.67

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 Figure P1.71

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 Figure P1.76

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 Figure P1.78

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