FLANGE & GASKET

Prepared By:

SANTHOSH REDDY K.A

PIPING DEPT.
FLANGE
 DEFINITION OF FLANGE
TO CONNECT ANY TWO COMPONENTS IN A SYSTEM
HAVING SAME OR DIFFERENT CROSS - SECTION.
 TYPES OF FLANGE
1.WELDNECK FLANGE.
2.SLIP ON FLANGE.
3.LAP JOINT FLANGE.
4.SOCKET WELD FLANGE.
5.SCREWED FLANGE.
6.BLIND FLANGE.
 WELD NECK FLANGE
WELD NECK FLANGES COMES IN TWO TYPES:
1. REGULAR TYPE
2. LONG TYPE
1. REGULAR TYPE : THESE ARE NORMALLY USED WITH BUTT
WELDING FITTINGS.
2. LONG WELD NECK FLANGES : THESE ARE PRIMARILY
USED FOR VESSEL AND EQPT. NOZZLES AND RARELY FOR
PIPES.
NOTE :WELD NECK FLANGES ARE SUITABLE WHERE EXTREME
TEMP,SHEAR,IMPACT AND VIBRATING STRESSES APPLY.
WELD NECK FLANGE
 SLIP ON FLANGE
SLIP ON FLANGE IS PROPERLY USED TO FLANGE PIPE TO
PIPE.
IT IS CHEAPER TO BUY THAN WELD NECK FLANGE BUT
COSTLIER TO ASSEMBLE AND IS EASIER TO ALLIGN THAN
WELD NECK FLANGE.
STRENGTHS UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE IS LESS THAN
OF WELD NECK FLANGE
SLIP ON FLANGE
 LAP JOINT FLANGE
LAP JOINT FLANGES ARE COMBINATION OF FLANGE AND
STUB END WHICH PRESENTS SIMILAR GEOMETRY TO THE
RAISED FACE FLANGE.
EASY TO ALLIGN AND ECONOMICAL IF COSTLY PIPE SUCH AS
SS IS USED AS THE FLANGE CAN BE OF CS AND ONLY THE
LAP JOINT STUB CAN BE SS OR LINE MATERIAL.
THESE FLANGES ARE ALSO USED IN APPLICATIONS WHERE
THERE IS A NEED TO FACILITATE BOLT ALIGNMENT.
LAP JOINT FLANGE
 SOCKET AND SCREWED
FLANGE
GENERALLY THESE ARE USED FOR SMALLER SIZES
Socket welding flange, a popular type of pipe flange, was
initially developed for use on small-sized high-pressure
piping.
The fabrication of this type of flange is similar to that of a
slip-on flange.
However, the internal pocket of a socket weld flange
allows for a smooth bore and better fluid flow. When
provided with an internal weld.
SOCKET & THREAD TYPE
FLANGE
 BLIND FLANGE
BLIND FLANGES:

BLIND FLANGE IS USED AT THE END OF LINE FOR CLOSURE.

 FLANGE FACING TYPES :
1. FLAT FACE

2. RAISED FACE (RF)

3. RING-TYPE JOINT (RTJ)

4. MALE & FEMALE (M&F)

 FLANGE FACING TYPES
FLAT FACE :
 FLAT FACE:
The Flat Face flange has a gasket surface in the
same plane as the bolting circle face.

Applications using flat face flanges are

frequently those in which the mating flange or
flanged fitting is made from a casting.
RAISED FACE (RF)
 RAISED FACE (RF)

The Raised Face flange is the most common type

used in process plant applications, and is easily to
identify.
It is referred to as a raised face because the gasket
surfaces are raised above the bolting circle face. This
face type allows the use of a wide combination of
gasket designs, including flat ring sheet types and
metallic composites.
The purpose of a RF flange is to concentrate more
pressure on a smaller gasket area and thereby increase
the pressure containment capability of the joint.
 FLANGE FACING TYPE
RING-TYPE JOINT (RTJ)
 RING-TYPE JOINT (RTJ)
The Ring Type Joint flanges are typically used in high
pressure (Class 600 and higher rating) and/or high
temperature services above 800°F (427°C). They have
grooves cut into their faces which steel ring gaskets.
The flanges seal when tightened bolts compress the
gasket between the flanges into the grooves, deforming
(or Coining) the gasket to make intimate contact inside
the grooves, creating a metal to metal seal.
For RTJ flanges that seal with ring gaskets, the raised
faces of the connected and tightened flanges may
contact each other.
 RING-TYPE JOINT (RTJ)
The Ring Type Joint flanges are typically used in high
pressure (Class 600 and higher rating) and/or high
temperature services above 800°F (427°C). They have
grooves cut into their faces which steel ring gaskets.
The flanges seal when tightened bolts compress the
gasket between the flanges into the grooves, deforming
(or Coining) the gasket to make intimate contact inside
the grooves, creating a metal to metal seal.
For RTJ flanges that seal with ring gaskets, the raised
faces of the connected and tightened flanges may
contact each other.
 FLANGE FACING TYPE
MALE & FEMALE (M&F)
MALE & FEMALE (M&F)

With this type of flanges also must be matched. One

flange face has an area that extends beyond the normal
flange face (Male). The other flange or mating flange has a
matching depression (Female) machined into it's face.
The female face is 3/16-inch deep, the male face
is1/4-inch high, and both are smooth finished.
The outer diameter of the female face acts to locate
and retain the gasket.
 FLANGE CLASSIFICATION
FLANGES ARE CLASSIFIED BASED ON THEIR SIZES AND
RATING.
GENERALLY FLANGES WITH AMERICAN STANDARD ARE
MOST EXTENSIVELY USED IN PROCESS PLANTS.
ASME / ANSI B16.5 – ½” TO 24”
150#,300#,400#,600#,900#,1500#,2500#
ASME / ANSI B16.47 - ABOVE 24”
75#,150#,300#,400#,600#,900#,1500#
 FLANGE CLASSIFICATION
FLANGES ARE CLASSIFIED BASED ON THEIR SIZES AND
RATING.
GENERALLY FLANGES WITH AMERICAN STANDARD ARE
MOST EXTENSIVELY USED IN PROCESS PLANTS.
ASME / ANSI B16.5 – ½” TO 24”
150#,300#,400#,600#,900#,1500#,2500#
ASME / ANSI B16.47 - ABOVE 24”
75#,150#,300#,400#,600#,900#,1500#
 FLANGE RATINGS ARE FIXED BASED ON PRESSURE,
TEMPERATURE AND MOC.
MOC IS BASED ON APPLICATION THE PIPE LINE IS
HANDLING.
THE DIFFERENT PARAMETERS THE FLANGE HAS TO
WITH STAND DURING OPERATION ARE AXIAL AND SHEAR
PRESSURE.
 FLANGE MATERIAL

NORMALLY FLANGES ARE AVAILABLE IN CARBON STEEL,

STAINLESS STEEL AND CAST IRON.
CARBON STEEL FLANGES ARE AVAILABLE IN SIZES
STARTING FROM ½” TO 24” IN MATERIAL CLASS OF A105
- ASME B16.5.
STAINLESS STEEL FLANGES ARE AVAILABLE IN SIZES
STARTING FROM ½” ONWARDS IN MATERIAL CLASS OF
ASTM A182 GR.F304,304L,316,316L.
 CAST IRON FLANGES ARE AVAILABLE IN RATINGS
STARTING FROM 25#,125# AND 250#,SIZES STARTING
FROM 1” ONWARDS
CAST IRON FLANGE MATERIAL AVAILABLE IN ALL
RATINGS CORRESPONDING TO ASTM A126
 FLANGE FINISH
• THE TERM FINISH REFERS TO THE TYPE OF SURFACE
TEXTURE PRODUCED BY M/CING THE FLANGE FACE
WHICH COMES IN CONTACT WITH GASKET.
FLANGES ARE OBTAINED IN 3 DIFF. FACE FINISH
STOCK FINISH
SERRATED FINISH
SMOOTH FINISH
 FLANGE FACE HAS A SPECIFIC ROUGHNESS TO ENSURE THAT
THIS SURFACE BE COMPATIBLE WITH THE GASKET AND A
PROVIDE HIGH QUALITY SEAL.
FINISHES ARE CLASSIFIED BASED ON THE GROOVES PER
INCH,GROOVES CAN BE EITHER SPIRAL OR CONCENTRIC.
THE COMMON METHODS OF EXPRESSING ROUGHNESS AARH.
 SMOOTH FINISH FLANGES ARE SPECIALLY ORDERED AND
SHOWS NO TOOL MARKS TO THE EYE.
SERRATED FLANGES HAS FINISH EITHER CONCENTRIC OR
SPIRAL WITH 30 TO 55 GROOVES / INCH AND AS A RESULTANT
ROUGHNESS HEIGHT VARIES B/W 125 TO 250 MICRO INS.
STOCK FINISH FLANGES HAS CONT. SPIRAL GROOVES TO
ACCOMMODATE GASKET SEATING SURFACE AND ROUGH-NESS
HEIGHT VARIES B/W 125 TO 500 MICRO INS
 FLANGE STANDARDS
NORMALLY USED FLANGE STANDARDS
1.ASME
2.DIN
3.BS
4.BIS
ASME B16.5 AND ASME B16.47 ARE GENERALLY USED AND
COVERED AS MENTIONED EARLIER DIN FLANGES ARE SPECIFIED
WITH PN NUM-BERS WHICH IS EQUIVALENT TO PRESSURE
RATINGS IN ASME.
FLANGE PRESSURE RATING CLASS
 GASKET........
A gasket is basically a part cut from a (usually) flexible
material, which sits in between two other surfaces. Gaskets
also have certain other common applications, such as anti
vibration and mounting.
Gasket materials are used because of their resistance to
certain chemicals (such as acids), or properties of being
capable of withstanding extreme temperatures or
pressures.
Gaskets can be classified in many different ways, for
example: by material, by function, or by application
 TYPES OF GASKETS
1. Rubber Gaskets:

Rubber is a soft gasket material. A wide range of elastomers can be

used, such as neoprene, nitrile, EPDM and natural rubber. Rubber
gaskets are used in a wide range of applications such as pipe gaskets,
heat exchangers, and man ways

2.Non-Asbestos Gaskets:

Non-asbestos gaskets are manufactured from a compressed fibre

with an elastomer binding; and are used in many applications such as
acid, steam, oil and water.

3.Cork gasket:

Natural cork combined with elastomer bindings giving high flexibility

and compression. These gaskets are widely used in applications
involving oil, fuel and solvents.
 WITHOUT GASKET( IMPOSSIBLE)......??

This is virtually impossibility because of:

1. The size of the vessel and/or the flanges.
2. The difficulty in maintaining such extremely smooth
flange finishes during handling and assembly.
3. Corrosion and erosion of the flange surfaces during
operations.
 SELECTION OF GASKET
Type is based on the following:
1. The temperature of the fluid or gas to be contained
2. The pressure of the fluid or gas to be contained
3. The corrosive characteristics of the fluid or gas to be
contained.
 TYPES OF GASKET....

Non-Metallic Gasket Semi-Metallic Gasket

Metallic Gasket
 NON-METALLIC GASKET:
Generally low to moderate pressure, wide
chemical service including acids and alkali up to
moderate temperatures and miscellaneous low
duty applications.
Sheet materials are used in low to medium
pressure services. With careful selection these
gaskets are not only suitable for general service but
also for extreme chemical services and
temperatures.
 NON-METALLIC GASKET TYPES:
Elastomeric & Fiber Sheet

Elastomer-cork

Compressed Non-Asbestos Sheet

Expanded PTFE Sheet

Biaxially Orientated (Filled) PTFE Sheet

Flexible Graphite Sheet

PTFE Joint Sealant

PTFE Envelope Gasket ….etc.

 SEMI-METALLIC GASKET:
These are composite gaskets consisting of both
metallic and non-metallic materials. The metal provides the
strength and the resilience of the gasket and the non-
metallic component provides the conformable sealing
material. These gaskets are suitable for low and high
pressure and temperature applications. A wide range of
materials is available.
 SEMI-METALLIC GASKET:
Spiral Wound Gaskets
FlexproTM Gaskets (covered serrated metal core)
Metal Jacketed Gaskets
MRG’s (metal reinforced gaskets)
Kammprofile
 METALLIC GASKET:
These gaskets can be fabricated in a variety of shapes
and sizes recommended for use in high pressure /
temperature applications. Except for weld ring gaskets,
high loads are required to seat metallic gaskets, as they rely
on the deformation or coining of the material into the
flange surfaces.
 METALLIC GASKET TYPES:
Oval & Octagonal
RX & BX
Ring Type Joints
Lens Rings
Weld Ring Gaskets
Solid Metal Gaskets
Wedge Ring Gaskets
Convex Metal Gaskets
MACRO & MICRO IMPERFECTION
STANDARD FLANGE FINISH
THANK YOU