Control Valve 2

Control Valve
By
Mrs. M. A. Khandekar
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Instrumentation & Control
College of Engineering, Pune
Objectives
• Students will understand control valve
terminologies related to construction and
performance
• Students will understand control valve
accessaries
• Push-Down-to-Close Construction:
• A globe-style valve construction in which the
closure member is located between the
actuator and the seat ring, such that extension
of the actuator stem moves the closure
member toward the seat ring, finally closing
the valve.
• Push-Down-to-Open Construction:
A globe-style valve construction in which
the seat ring is located between the actuator
and the closure member, so that extension of
the actuator stem moves the closure member
from the seat ring, opening the valve.
Control Valve Terminologies
Flow Characteristic:
Relationship Between flow through the valve and

percent rated travel from 0 to 100 percent.
This term should always be designated as either

inherent flow characteristic or installed flow
characteristic.
• Inherent Flow Characteristic:
The relationship between the flow rate and the
closure member travel as it is moved from the closed
position to rated travel with constant pressure drop
across the valve.
Installed Flow Characteristic:

The relationship between the flow rate and the
closure member travel as it is moved from the closed
position to rated travel as the pressure drop across
the valve is influenced by the varying process
conditions.
Plug profiles of a single-ported stem-
guided globe valve
Flashing
If the fluid being throttled by the valve is a liquid,

and its absolute pressure ever falls below the
vapor pressure of that substance, the liquid will
begin to boil. This phenomenon, when it happens
inside a control valve, is called flashing. As the
graph shows, the point of lowest pressure inside
the valve called the vena contracta, is the location
where flashing will first occur.
cavitations
If fluid being throttled is a liquid, and the pressure at
the vena contracta is less than the vapor pressure of
that liquid at the flowing temperature, the liquid will
spontaneously boil. This is the phenomenon of
flashing. If, however, the pressure recovers to a point
greater than the vapor pressure of the liquid, the
vapour will re-condese back to liquid again. This is
called cavitation.
Flow Coefficient (Cv):
A constant (Cv) related to the geometry of a
valve, for a given travel, that can be used to
establish flow capacity.
Capacity of control valve

The Cv is defined as the number of U. S. gallons
of water per minutes that will flow through
the wide-open valve when there is a 1-psi(kPa)
pressure drop across it.
Rangeability:
• The ratio of the largest flow coefficient (Cv) to the
smallest flow coefficient (Cv) within which the
deviation from the specified flow characteristic
does not exceed the stated limits.
• A control valve that still does a good job of
controlling when flow increases to 100 times the
minimum controllable flow has a rangeability of
100 to 1.
• Rangeability can also be expressed as the ratio of
the maximum to minimum controllable flow rates.
Dead Band
• Dead band is a general phenomenon where a
range or band of controller output (CO) values
fails to produce a change in the measured
process variable (PV) when the input signal
reverses direction.
• When a load disturbance occurs, the process
variable (PV) deviates from the set point. This
deviation initiates a corrective action through
the controller and back through the process.
• In all three valve tests, the actuator stem motion changes
fairly faithfully in response to the input signal changes.
• There is a dramatic difference in each of these valve’s
ability to change the flow in response to an input signal
change.
• For Valve A the process variable (flow rate) responds well
to input signals as low as 0.5.
• Valve B requires input signal changes as great as 5%
before it begins responding faithfully to each of the input
signal steps.
• Valve C is considerably worse, requiring signal changes as
great as 10% before it begins to respond faithfully to
each of the input signal steps.
Valve Response Time
• For optimum control of many processes, it is
important that the valve reach a specific position
quickly. A quick response to small signal changes
(1% or less) is one of the most important factors
in providing optimum process control.
• Valve response time is measured by a parameter
called T63 . T63 is the time measured from
initiation of the input signal change to when the
output reaches 63% of the corresponding
change.
• It includes both the valve assembly dead time,
which is a static time, and the dynamic time of
the valve assembly. The dynamic time is a
measure of how long the actuator takes to get
to the 63% point once it starts moving.
Valve positioners
Petitioners' essentially act as control system
within themselves:
The valve’s stem position: process variable (PV)
The command signal to the positioner: set poin(SP)
Positioner’s signal to the valve actuator: MV or

output
Positioner reduce valve hysteresis, dead band
Force Balance Positioner
Motion Balance Positioner
Electro pneumatic Force Balance Positioner
Lock-up Relay
Limit Switch:
• Switches are installed on an electric

motor Driven valves to open the circuit
and stop the Driving the motor when
valve is at its limit fully open or fully
closed
• These switches are also used for
operator information, interlock inputs or
feedback signal
• Contact configuration: STDP, DPDT
• Type of housing: weatherproof,
explosion proof
Solenoid Valves
Thank you!!

Control Valve 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Control Valve 2

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Control Valve 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Control Valve

Relationship Between flow through the valve and

This term should always be designated as either

Installed Flow Characteristic:

If the fluid being throttled by the valve is a liquid,

Capacity of control valve

The command signal to the positioner: set poin(SP)

Positioner’s signal to the valve actuator: MV or

• Switches are installed on an electric

You might also like