DIASS Lesson 4

PROCESSES, SERVICES
AND METHODS IN
COUNSELING
TYPES OF COUNSELING
• Counseling can be classified according to the number

of participants (Villar, 2009) and the nature of
concerns (Demos, 1973; Villar, 200
ACCORDING TO THE NUMBER OF
PARTICIPANTS
Villar (2009) identified five common types of counseling

according to the number of participants: Individual, Group,
Multiple, Couple, and Family Counseling.
INDIVIDUAL COUNSELING
Individual Counseling –is the best known type of counseling. This involves a
one-on one session between the counselor and the client. This take place
during the following situations:
● When clients experiencing difficult moments in their lives voluntarily meet
with counselors in the belief that these professionals can help them:
● When clients are referred to counselors by the people close to them after all
the efforts in solving their problems have been exhausted; and
● When during a routine interview (mostly done in schools, counselors find
their clients to have actual concerns that need to be addressed through
counseling.
GROUP COUNSELING
Group counseling on the other hand, is the type of

counseling which involves several clients with
common concerns and goals.
MULTIPLE COUNSELING
Multiple Counseling is a rather new type of counseling
wherein more than one counselor attend to clients-may it
be an individual, couple, or group. The counselors may
meet with the client individually, by pairs, or as a group
during the counseling sessions.
COUPLES COUNSELING
Couples counseling refers to counseling to various

types of couples such as male-female, male-male, and
female-female. This type of counseling focuses on the
relationship concerns of the parties involved.
FAMILY COUNSELING
Family counseling is the type of counseling between family
members and a trained counseling professionals. This may be
focused on improving family relationships or helping the
family cope with incident specific issues, such as a death in the
family. Family members may also be invited to participate in
the counseling sessions to help its individual members identify
and resolve the problem.
ACCORDING TO THE NATURE OF CONCERNS
Counseling can also be categorized according to the
nature of concerns of the clients. The nature can be
personal/social, academic/educational, and
career/vocational/occupational (Demos, 1973; Villar,
2009).
PERSONAL/SOCIAL
Personal/Social counseling focuses on personal concerns
and concerns relating to the clients’s relationship with
others. Personal problems include stress, depression,
relationship concerns, and identity issues. Social
concerns include conflict with friends and bullying.
ACADEMIC/EDUCATIONAL
Academic /educational counseling , also called school

counseling, is focused on helping students acquire and
use lifelong skills by developing their academic, career
self –awareness, and interpersonal communication
skills. This type of counseling aims to promote and
enhance the student’s learning process (ASCA 1997).
CAREER/VOCATIONAL/OCCUPATIONAL
Career/vocational/occupational counseling prepares and
assists clients in the work setting. Providing clients with
the necessary information for them to plan and make
decisions regarding their career is one of the major
activities of this type of counseling.
SERVICES IN COUNSELING
Counseling provides a range of services for addressing client
needs. Below is a list of several counseling services a client may
avail. This services are also areas of specialization that counselors
venture into:
● Addictions counseling focuses on clients with addiction
problems. Counselors use behavior modification strategies to
help clients minimize and eradicate these problems.
● Correctional counseling focuses on helping clients in various
law enforcements setting.
● Crisis counseling focuses on aiding individuals and groups
experiencing crisis situation that hinder them to function in their
everyday lives.
● Employment counseling focuses on assisting clients on finding
a specific job and also includes the client’s personal and social
concerns.
● Gerontology counseling focuses on helping the older clients
address their various concerns.
● Mentalhealth counseling focuses on assisting clients with
emotional and psychological concerns to promote mental health.
● Multicultural counseling focuses on clients coming from
different ethnolinguistic groups, races, genders, and ages.
Counselors are expected to exhibit sentivity among their clients’
plight and issues during counseling.
● Pastoral counseling focuses on a diverse population with
different needs and concerns. What makes this area unique is that
the members of the clergy are the front liners when church or
ministry seek help.
● Rehabilitation counseling focuses on helping clients suffering
from physical or emotional disabilities which may effect their
family, social, and work life.
● School counseling focuses on helping clients with personal-
social, academic, and career concerns. They also collaborate
with teachers, administrations, and other school personnel.
ACTIVITY: ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION.
1. How would you feel if your counselor is not able to manifest empathy during counseling
session, Would you be able to communicate with your counselor more?
2. Based on what you have learned from this lesson, What could you have done to make the
counseling process more effective?
3. The counseling process is similar to the problem –solving process. Cite a previous difficulty
that you have experienced. Explain how you employed the problem- solving process in
resolving your problem.

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PROCESSES, SERVICES

• Counseling can be classified according to the number

Villar (2009) identified five common types of counseling

Group counseling on the other hand, is the type of

Couples counseling refers to counseling to various

Academic /educational counseling , also called school

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