Seminar 1

Li-ion
Batteries
Group - 6
20120034 Harsh Ranjan Sinha
20120035 Harshit Singh
20120036 Himanshu Kumar
20120037 Jatothu Bharath Naik
20120039 Kancheti Uha Rani
Under the guidance of: Dr. Ramavath Bheekya Naik

Contents
1. Introduction
2. History
3. Properties
4. Structure of LCO
5. Working Principles
6. Advantages and Disadvantages
7. Applications
Introduction
Battery
comes from old French word “baterie”
Primary Secondary The battery consists of two

electrodes that are isolated by a
Battery Battery separator and soaked in electrolyte
to promote the movement of ions.
The electrochemical reaction The electrochemical reaction Two or more electrochemical cells,
is not reversible. During is reversible and the original electrically interconnected, each of
which contains two electrodes and
discharging, the chemical chemical compounds can be an electrolyte. The redox reactions
components are permanently reconstituted by the that occur at these electrodes
changed and electrical energy application of an electrical convert electrochemical energy to
electrical energy.
is released until the original potential between the
compounds are completely electrodes injecting energy
exhausted . These cells can into the cell. These cells can
be used only once. be discharged and recharged
many times.
History
Akira Yoshino patented the first commercial

lithium-ion battery using an anode of "soft
M. Stanley carbon" (a charcoal-like material) along with
Whittingham first used Goodenough's previously reported LCO
as cathode material. cathode and a carbonate ester-based
electrolyte.
1965 1980 1991
1974 1987
NASA developed In separate groups, Ned A. Godshall et Sony began

battery, first al., and Koichi Mizushima and John B. producing
example of Li-ion Goodenough, replaced with (LCO). and selling
batteries. Rachid Yazami demonstrated the the world's
reversible electrochemical intercalation first
of lithium in graphite, and invented the rechargeable
lithium graphite electrode (anode). lithium-ion
batteries.
Properties
Energy density (Wh/L) 200–500 Lithium is the lightest of metals and

Power density (W/L) 1500–10,000 it can float on water. The
electrochemical properties of
Specific energy (Wh/kg) 75–200 Lithium are excellent and it is also a
Specific power (W/kg) 150–2000 highly reactive material.
These properties gives lithium the
Power rating (MW) 0.1–100 potential to achieve high energy
and power in high density battery
Rated energy capacity 0.004–10
applications such as automotive
(MWh)
and standby power.
Daily self discharge (%) 0.1–5
Lifetime (years) 5–16
Cycling times (cycles) 1000–20,000
Cycle efficiency (%) 75–90
Discharge efficiency (%) 85
Structure of LCO
Li-ion cell has a four-layer structure:

Cathode: A positive electrode made with has a current collector made of thin
aluminum foil.
Anode: A negative electrode made with specialty carbon has a current collector of
thin copper foil.
Separator: A fine porous polymer film.
Electrolyte: Made with lithium salt in an organic solvent. The electrolytes are selected
in such a way that there should be an effective transport of Li-ion to the cathode
during discharge. The type of conductivity of electrolyte is ionic in nature rather than
electronic.
LCO
Working Principles
1. The traditional batteries are based on galvanic action but Lithium ion secondary
battery depends on an "intercalation" mechanism.
2. This involves the insertion of lithium ions into the crystalline lattice of the host
electrode without changing its crystal structure.
3. These electrodes have two key properties. One is the open crystal structure, which
allows insertion or extraction of lithium ions and the second is the ability to accept
compensating electrons at the same time. Such electrodes are called intercalation
hosts
4. During charging, lithium in positive electrode material is ionized and moves from
layer to layer and inserted into the negative electrode.
5. During discharge Li ions are dissociated from the anode and migrate across the
electrolyte and are inserted into the crystal structure of the host compound of
cathode.
Charging: Discharging:
Anode Half:
Cathode Half:
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages:
• They have high energy density than other rechargeable batteries.
• They are less weight.
• They produce high voltage out about 4 V as compared with other batteries.
• They have improved safety, i.e. more resistance to overcharge.
• No liquid electrolyte means they are immune from leaking.
• Fast charge and discharge rate.
Disadvantages·
• They are expensive.
• They are not available in standard cell types.
Applications
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Li-ion

Under the guidance of: Dr. Ramavath Bheekya Naik

Primary Secondary The battery consists of two

Akira Yoshino patented the first commercial

1965 1980 1991

NASA developed In separate groups, Ned A. Godshall et Sony began

Energy density (Wh/L) 200–500 Lithium is the lightest of metals and

Li-ion cell has a four-layer structure:

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