SOCIAL

INSTITUTIO
NS AS
PILLAR OF
SOCIETY
CHAPTER 11
 The social institutions are the major component of the society. They

are, Family, School, Church, Government (Politics) and the Media. Each

plays an important role in the process of molding every member of the

society. In them, the behavior of the individual is being formed. It is true

and it holds true until today even in a highly technologically-driven society

-"The individual is revealed in the society; the society reflects the

individual"
 CONTENTS OF THIS TEMPLATE

1. FAMILY
2. EDUCATION
3. RELIGION
4. POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT
5. MEDIA
 FAMILY

● It is the cradle of everyone in the society. The family is the primary and smallest social
organization.
● The family as defines by Murdock (Zulueta,1998) is a social organization characterized
by common residence , economic cooperation, and reproduction.
● Family, according to Burgess & Locke (as cited by Zulueta, 1998) is a group of person
united by bond or marriage,, blood or adoption, constituting a single household,
interacting and communicating with each other in their respective social roles of husband
and wife, father and mother, son and daughter, brother and sister, creating and
maintaining a common culture.
● Moreover, Family is composed of a married couple living together with their children,
respecting each other according to their roles, sharing together, and maintaining common
norms and practices (Ecoben, 2005)
 TYPES OF FAMILY
1) Nuclear Family - is composed of parents and their children
living together, related by blood or by virtue of adoption.

2) Extended Family - is a kind of family which is composed of a

nuclear family with another nuclear family or with the presence
of other relatives in a single household. The extended family
shares a single household and mutually cooperating
economically, socially, culturally, morally and spiritually.
 Functions of the Family

● Below are the most common and widely accepted functions of the family.
1) The family functions as a regulating unit for sexual activities and proper place for
procreation. Extramarital relationship among Filipinos is not yet acceptable yet many cases
have been recorded. In fact, studies showed that this is one of the reasons why there is broken-
marriage.
2) The family provides the biological needs and maintenance of its members. It is the safest
place for the children. They should have all the they grow up all the protection, provision and
guidance.
3) The family is the chief agency of socialization. It is the immediate where a child learns to
interact, relate, integrate himself with other members of the family. The family transmits the
cultural pattern and norms and values and introduces the child place to a larger group and then
to the society.
4) The family gives each member a status i.e. name, ancestry, class, etc. A child gets his family name from his
parents. He also enjoys the social status his family name has enjoyed or if not suffer with it. This parents are
affluent, then he will be raised in a manner as expected. A son born from a poor family will be learning how
to survive on a day to day sustenance and make his vow to uplift the living condition of his family.
5) The family is the mechanism for social control. It makes sure that all its family members are conforming to
the norms and conduct of the society and be law-abiding citizens. It makes sure to keep the good image or
prestige their ancestors had long established.
6) The family performs educational, religious and political functions. It is a right of every child to go to
school and prepare for his life in the future. The family has to support the educational
needs of every family member. If there are good Samaritans who offer to support for the schooling, the duty
of the family however, is not taken away. They are just being assisted. The family is also a caretaker of the
vocation of their children. They are to motivate and support them in their spiritual search for holiness. The
family also has to enlighten the issues encountered by the family and society as well in order to give a clearer
political perspective and political stand.
 2. EDUCATION: The school
plays a very important role in the
educational formation of
everyone. To go to school is a
right of every child.
The Millennium Development Goals (MDG's) of the United
Nations have set eight (8) goals for a worldwide development. One o
it is to achieve universal about Primary education. In the Philippines, about 5.2
million children are not in school; 53% are not enrolled in Grade 1; Majority of
the drop out after Grade 1 & 2. The MDGS
strike at the e heart of what needs to be changed in the present (MDG-F
and UN Millennium Campaign, 2010).
In the history of Philippine education, the Spaniards established
the private education through the missionaries. They built exclusive
school for boys and girls. To name a few which are exclusive for boys,
we have - the Colegio de San Juan de Letran, Ateneo Municipal, the
University of Santo Tomas while the schools for girls are Santa Isabel,
Santa Rosa, La Consolacion College, La Concordia, St. Scholastica
College.
During the American regime, we had a public educational
System. They also built the Philippine Normal College, UP
and the Siliman State University in Dumaguete City. The
educational practice being exclusive for boys and for girls
has now become an open system -a coed.
 During the time of President Ferdinand Marcos, the formal
education was complemented by the Technical Education
Skills and Development Academy (TESDA) especially
designed for those who want to take vocational courses
which are also highly demanded by
the local industries and abroad.
Major modification in the Philippine educational system
today is the implementation of K to 12. It received various
reactions from the poor kababayan. A major concern raised
was the lack of teachers and classrooms because this has been
the problem long before the
implementations of K to 12. Add to this is the lack of
preparation of the teachers to handle the program.
 With the implementation of the CCTP or Pantawid ng
Pamilyang
Pilipino Program, the poor filipino families are obliged to
send their
children to school and keep them in school while under the
assistance
of the government.
Education is basically to transmit the cultural heritage of the
people from past generations' and it serves as a source for
social and cultural innovations. Many of the poor Filipinos
still consider education as the solution to their present
economic conditions.
 3. RELIGION: The moral aspect of a person is cultivated by his
relationship with God. Religion, as a social institution, plays a very
important role in nurturing and nourishing the spiritual life of the
People. Religion is a universal phenomenon which is intertwined wit
the social and economic life of the people. Religion is a unified system
of beliefs and practices of the people related to their relationship to
sacred things and to the divine.
The major religions are Judaism, Confucianism, Buddhism,
Hinduism, Christianity, Islam and Taoism. The Christian
churches in the Philippines are; Roman Catholic, Orthodox
Catholic, Protestant/ Evangelical churches, Iglesia ni Cristo
(INC), The Church of Christ of the Later-day Saints
(Mormons).
The major Evangelical/ Protestant churches are; the
Lutheran, the Methodist, the Baptist, the Pentecostals,
Presbyterian and etc. There are countless ecclesial
communities which are sprouting all over
the country. They are also called the born again.
 The Native Religion:

They are dispersed all over the country and the are by
nature independently existing and have no universal set of
rituals to follow. The native priest/ Bailan is independently
performing the
rituals according to what he has learned from his parents or
ancestors.
 The Islam Religion:

ISLAM is the religion of our Muslim brothers and sisters.

Islam reached the islands of SULU after the fall of
Baghdaad in 1258 A.D. through TUAN Maqbalo, an Arab
religious and trader.
In 1380, Sheik Karimul Makhum, Rajah Baginda (1390)
Sharif Abu Bakr (1450) and Sharif Kabungsuan (1474)
continued to spread Islam religion.
 The FIVE Pillars of Islam

(1)The profession of Faith: There is only One God-

ALLAH; and Mohammad is His Prophet.
(2) Praying Five times a day facing Mecca
(3) Zakah- giving alms to the poor
(4) Fasting during the month of RAMADAN
(5) Haji - pilgrimage to Mecca.
 The Spread of Christianity in the Philippines:

● In The Treaty of Tordesillas - The Two Super Powers (Spain & Portugal)
were permitted to explore to the NEW WORLDS and to EVANGELIZE the
natives.
● In every EXPEDITION there is always the presence of the Religious
Missionaries, like the Order of Preachers (OP), Order of the Augustinian
Friars (OSA) and Order of the Augustinian-Recollects (OAR), Order of the
Franciscans Minors (OFM).
● The massive persuasion of the Religious missionaries and the Spanish Civil
authorities continued. The natives were forced to be baptized. Those who
had a chance to run away went to the mountains and kept their religious
traditions.
● Those who were caught keeping their religious beliefs and practices
were condemned to die. Those who resist were called pagan,
barbaric and uncivilized. There was a clear collaboration between
the Church and the State. The Church condemned and the State
carried out the punishment.
● Those who accepted the foreign religion were asked to adopt a
Christian family name. They began to hear Mass, study Christian
doctrines and prayers were said in Latin and speak the Spanish
language.
 Aglipayans:

The CRY of the filipino priests for the Filipinization of

the Catholic Church in the Philippines was brought about
by Bishop regorio Aglipay. Bishop Aglipay founded the
Filipino Nationalistic Church- Philippine Independent
Church or Iglesia Filipinas Independiente (IFI).
 Protestantism - Influenced By Liberalism:

The coming of the AMERICANS has provided the new era

of religious expression. Being a liberal, it has also brought a
liberal-minded religious expression - the Protestantism. The
time to hear the doctrine and theology of the
LUTHERANS, METHODIST, PENTECOSTAL, BAPTIST
SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST, among others who came to
the country -a Catholic dominated country.
 The Post Martial Law and The Religious Influx:

The most interesting part of the Church involvement in

politics was during the post Martial Law time. The church
in the Philippines, although it had enjoyed
separation of powers, yet, some progressive and makabayan
groups believed that the proliferation of the ecclesial groups
and renewal churches became carriers of further division
among Filipino families.
Furthermore, religious debate or debate among churches
became common sightings in the public places. Through it,
the Filipino people unknowingly became an enemy of his
friend, of his church mate and his neighbors. Through the
debate on religion, the stress of division was so great and to
find commonalities among the doctrines had never been
considered in order to promote ecumenism.
Alongside, with the sprouting of religious sects in
the country in this period, attention of the Filipino
people religious activities which failed them rather
to examine the reality of their social and economic
conditions.
Progressive minded church people believed that even the
division of ecclesial jurisdiction could be taken as a way to
confine the effects of the influence of the Bishops and
Pastors. The experience of people in the Diocese of Bacolod
can be a good example. During
his time, Bishop Antonio Fortich of the Diocese Bacolod
was known be on the side of the poor Negrenses but his
diocese was divided.
 Dost Edsa-1 Revolution to The Present:

The fruit of the EDSA-1 Devolution was not only civil but
also religious in nature. Democracy is for all. Religious
movements within the Catholic Church have become more
active and the religious people have become more
participative. In the church, the moral ascendency of the
religious leaders was at stake especially in the leadership of
His Eminence Jaime Cardinal Sin - Archbishop of Manila.
 4. POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT:

This is another social institution that every society needs in

order to exist. Politics is the art and practice or government.
It is a social process of acquiring the legitimate power to
govern. The key concept in Politics is authority and power.
The elements of the state are (1) People, (2) Territory (3)
Government and (4) Sovereignty.
 The People:

People are the most important element in a nation.

The number of the people in a particular state
varies from one to the other. The Territory: In ever
state, territory is also an essential element. Every
state must have a full control of a land as its own.
 The Government:

It is a requirement in every state to have a

machinery of political authority and
administration. The citizens must abide by
the power of the legitimate leader to enforce
its authority.
 The Sovereignty:

This is the independence of the state from the

foreign powers. A state is free from any foreign
control. The sovereignty of a particular state
must be (1) permanent, (2) exclusive for the
people, and (3) comprehensive.
● As Permanent, it must exist even when the leaders are
changed or the system of government will change and
even if the Constitution is changed, the state will
continuously exist.
● As Exclusive, it must not permit any foreign control
● and comprehensive because it is concerned of all people
in a state including their possessions.
 5. MEDIA:

This is another social institution that every

society needs in order to exist. Radio,
Television, Phone and all sorts of social
media are part and indispensable in this
technological driven society.
It seems that most of the urban people and some rural
people are really hooked to media especially - the social
media. Communication has become easier, fast and cheaper.
The exchange of information is not
anymore a problem. The different platforms of social media
provides everyone the capacity to broadcast themselves. Its
influence is so great as well as its exposure on crime and
immorality is uncontrollable.
The government through the National
Telecommunications Commission (NTC)
and the Kapisanan ng mga Broadcaster 13
Pilipinas (KBP) uphold the press freedom
and ensure the regulations
in the practice of the media profession.
Likewise, the government has created a particular law -
R.A. 10175 - Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 to
penalize acts like cybersex, child pornography, identity theft
and unsolicited electronic communication in the country.