Alloys in Dentistry
Alloys in Dentistry
Alloys in Dentistry
ALLOYS IN
DENTISTRY
Dr. Mamata Dugaraju
PG 1st year
Department of prosthodontics
CONTENTS
2
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONS
PROPERTIES OF EACH METAL
NOBLE ALLOYS
BASE METAL ALLOYS
TITANIUM ALLOYS
WROUGHT ALLOYS:
STAINLESS STEEL ALLOYS
NICKEL TITANIUM ALLOYS
ELGILOY
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
3
PREDOMINANTLY <25
BASE MATERIALS
ANSI/ADA Specification No. 5,
Mechanical Properties of Alloy
6
Iridium and ruthenium are used in small amounts in dental alloys as grain
refiners to keep the grain size small.
A small grain size is desirable because it improves the mechanical
properties and uniformity of properties within an alloy. As little as 0.005%
(50 ppm) of iridium is effective in reducing the grain size. Ruthenium has a
similar effect.
The grain-refining properties of these elements are largely due to their
extremely high melting points
Thus these elements do not melt during the casting of the alloy and serve as
nucleating centers for the melt as it cools, resulting in a fine-grained alloy.
Rhodium also has a high melting point (1966° C) and has been used in
alloys with platinum to form wire for thermocouples. These thermocouples
help measure the temperature in porcelain furnaces used to make dental
restorations.
17
BASE METALS
SILVER(Ag)
18
Beryllium refines grain size, which increases strength, and lowers the fusion
Carbon forms carbides with any of the components in the alloy that increase the
hardness and yield strength of the alloy but these carbides decrease its ductility.
dentures.
COMMERCIALLY PURE
TITANIUM
• Alpha
• Near Alpha
• Alpha – Beta
• Beta
TITANIUM ALLOYS
COMMERCIALLY PURE
37
TITANIUM
The elastic modulus of CP Ti is comparable to that of tooth
enamel and noble alloys, but it is lower than that of other base
metal alloys
ADVANTAGES
corrosion resistance
Grade 1 Grade 2
Grade 3 Grade 4
GRADE 5 OR TITANIUM
39
ALLOYS
Grade 5 refers to the combinations of aluminum
(Al) and vanadium (V)
Ti-6Al-4V(ELI) most utilized due to its better
physical and mechanical properties in comparison
to commercially pure titanium
40
The most widely used titanium alloy in dentistry and for general
commercial applications is Ti-6Al-4V , which is an α-β alloy.
Although this alloy has greater strength than that of CP Ti, it is not as
attractive because of some concerns about health hazards from the slow
release of aluminum and vanadium.
Hence, replacing vanadium with the same atomic percentage of niobium
yields Ti-6Al-7Nb.
APPLICATIONS OF TITANIUM
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forming a stable surface oxide that makes the metal corrosion resistant
Nickel –
Composition:
54%
Titanium
– 44%
Cobalt-
2% or less
64
The ability of material to remember its original shape after plastic deformation is
called shape memory
Superelasticity is the ability for the metal to undergo large deformations and
immediately return to its undeformed shape upon removal of the external load.
thermally Martensitic
Mechanical Or
Shape Memory induced at oral Super Elasticity Phase
Stress Induced
Ctemperature Transformation
COBALT CHROMIUM NICKEL ALLOY
67
Composition:
Cobalt – 40%
Chromium – 20%
Molybdenum – 7% 1.Soft
Manganese – 2%
2.Ductile
3.Semi Resilient
Carbon – 0.016%
4.Resilient
Beryllium – 0.04%
Iron – 15.8%
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