Soap Making Made Easy

Soap Making Made Easy
A Beginners Guide To Making Soap
Soap Making
Made Easy
Beginner's Guide
To Making
Soap
copyright(c)2009 Soap Making Made Easy

1
Contents
Notes
Introduction 11
The Basics
Soap Bases 14
16
Ingredients 17
Essential Oils and Fragrances 18
Castile Soap 20
Facts About Lye 21
Oils and Fats 21
Additives
Equipment
Choosing The Right Scale 26

Accuracy 26
Maximum Weight 26
Digital Readout Scale 27
Stable Scales 28
Battery or Electric Scale 28
Tare Function 29
Molds 29

2
Your Lye Solution
In-Depth Look at Lye Calculators and Specific Gravity 34

Understanding and Using It 35
Thoughts On The Use of Lye 37
How to Make Bar Soap
The Basic Techniques 39

Methods of Making Soap 40
Melt and Pour Soaps 40
Melt and Pour Soap Making for Children 42
Cold Process Soaps 44
Beginner Cold Process Soap Recipe 45
Hot Process Soap 44
Basic Hot Process Soap Recipe For a Crockpot 49
Smooth and Soft, Oats and Honey Castile Soap 49
Rebatching Soap 51

3
Using Essential Oils 53
Essential Oils – When and Why 55

Aromatherapy in Soaps 55
How To Make Your Own Blends of Essential Oils 58
Tips and Tricks for Essential Oils 61
Coloring Your Soap 63
The Mold Process 64
How to Cut and Trim Your Soap 65
Decorating Your Finished Product 66
How to Store Your Soap 67
Making Transparent Soap 68
Making Liquid Soap 74

4
Soap Making Mistakes
Making a Large Batch without Testing a New Recipe 77

Be Careful Changing Up The Recipe 78
Be Careful Adding To Your Batch 79
Keep a Record of Your New Recipe 80
Test, Test, Test 81
Have the Patience of Job 82
Troubleshooting
Separation and Curdling 83

My Mixture Did Not Thicken 84
My Mixture Did Not Trace 84
My Soap Is Too Hard 86
I Have Grease On Top of My Soap 86
There is White Stuff All Over My Soap 86
My Soap is Greasy and Gooey 87
My Soap Has Streaks in It 87
DOS aka Dreaded Orange Spots 88
My Soap is Full of Cracks 89
How to Adjust Your Recipes 89
Should I Make a Large or Small 90
Batch
Tips and Tricks For Soap Making 91

5
Recipes
Chocolate Almond Heaven 95

Almonds and Peaches Summer Soap 96
First Veggie Suds Soap Recipe 97
Second Veggie Suds Soap with Coconut 97
Third Veggie Suds Soap 98
The Luxury Castile Soap Bar 99
Soft and Silky Milk Soap 100
Fabulous Goat's Milk Soap with a Touch Of Lavender 102
Yogurt Herbal Soap 104
Honey Bee Sudsy Soap 106
Deluxe Olive Oil Castile Soap 107
Cinnamon in My Coffee Soap 108
Banana Cream Smoothie Soap 109
Making Soap in a Crock Pot 111
Oatmeal Cookie Soap Almost Good Enough to Eat 112

Shaving Soap - Especially For Men 114
Crock Pot Soap for Kids
Herbal Soap for Grandma 115

6
Microwave Soap for Kids 117
Soap Recipes for Pets 120
Smelly Doggy Soap 121

The Fruity Doggy 123
Home Business
Starting a Soap Making Business 126
Glossary of Terminology
Common Soap Making Terminology 131
Online Suppliers for Soap Making Items
Essential Oils 140

Soap Molds 141
Soap Stamps 142
Fragrances 143
Bases 144
Soap Making 145
Kits

7
The onderful orld of

oap
If you're ÷ aking
reading this then, you are probably about to start your own
journey into the entertaining world of making your own soap.
Everyone has their own reasons for wanting to make their own soap, but
for me, it started out as wanting soaps that are pure, natural and soaps
that would have the scents that I like. I also wanted to get away from
commercial soaps and all the chemicals that are in them and have really
good quality soaps.
One day, while attending a craft show, I found a delightful display of

homemade soaps. The smells were absolutely wonderful and had such a
feeling of freshness and purity that I immediately fell in love with them.
I spent a great deal of time talking with the person who made them and
was now selling them. I learned so much about soap and how to make it,
that I decided to look into it myself.
I took home my new purchases and didn't think much more about them
until one day I used one for a special occasion. This is the point where my
life began to change.

8
I was shocked at how rich and creamy the soap was and how I had tons of
lather. This was something I had never experienced before. The smell was
heavenly and I could have stayed in the bath forever, just smelling the
wonderful fragrance of the soap.
It was at this point that I realized that I could do this myself and it would
also help to fulfill the creative side of me.
Within days I was at the local bookstore looking for books that would tell
me how to get started on this wonderful journey.
This is where I hit my first road block. There were so many books on soap
making and they all seemed to be talking about different types of soap
making processes. I couldn't understand why there was not a book that
talked about all of them.
Then I found that some books were too far advanced for me and I was a
beginner. There were books that were only recipes and I was lost in the
terminology. In the end I bought a number of different books with the hope
that I would have the full picture of what I was getting into.
As the years passed and I became far more proficient at soap making, I
decided to write a book about soap making that would be helpful for
beginners.

9
A book that guide them through the process from start to finish, so that
they would have a complete understanding of everything that's in involved
with soap making.
I've included all the basics of making soap, the different kinds of soaps you
can make, from beginner on up and included recipes that are tried and
true. You'll learn about different ingredients, essential oils, types of
equipment you will need and molds that you can use and so much more.
There's a glossary of terms and tables to help you mix essential oils, as
well as some online resources, if you want to order certain products not
available where you live. I briefly talk about starting your own business,
should you want to go in that direction.
Most of all, I strive to teach you everything you need to know from A-Z in
the world of soap making. Enjoy the experience.

10
Introduction
In today's world more and more people are looking for
natural solutions to some of the products they are using, especially when it
comes to their bodies.
Just as doctors are promoting a healthier lifestyle by choosing natural foods

to put in your body, others are becoming more aware of things they are
using on the outside of their bodies.
As people begin to look toward natural products, as an

alternative to commercial soaps with all their additives,
more and more they are turning to natural homemade
soaps and looking for someone to supply them.
Health food stores often have these soaps, but there is

also a cottage industry sprouting up to help meet the
demand. Others are making it themselves and finding it an
amazingly satisfying and creative hobby.
Beside being inexpensive, homemade soap is chemical free, made from

pure ingredients and you have the satisfaction of personally knowing what
things have gone into your homemade soap.

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People who suffer from skin conditions of all varieties are also turning to
making their own soaps in an effort to help control conditions such as acne,
psoriasis and eczema.
There are basically four different types of methods
that are used to make soaps and they each have
their own techniques as well as their own level of
difficulty.
The melt and pour process of soap making is great

for beginners. You are not using lye, but simply a
glycerin base.
You add essential oils or fragrances to your mixture,

as well as some coloring and basically you're done. This is also a great way
to introduce children and teens to the joys of the soap making process. It's
easy, not dangerous and they will garner instant satisfaction from the
efforts they have put into it.
Cold process soaps involve using lye or sodium

hydroxide and water. Added to it are fats and oils, along with a range of
different additives, all totally natural. Aloe Vera is popular as are coconut
oil, fruits and vegetables as well as any number of natural herbs.

12
Hot process of soap making simply involves using heat, in order to burn off
excess liquid. This is not usually the first choice that beginner soap makers
choose to start with, but as the beginner starts to gain more confidence in
their soap making abilities, it often becomes one of their favorite methods.

13
The
B asics
oap Soap bases are simply something you buy in bulk at
a store or an online supplier. They will be used as
B ases the base for the soap you are going to be making.
If you are making glycerin soaps, you will start with

a chunk of glycerin as the base for your soap and
then proceed to add your other ingredients.
Glycerin soap bases can come in clear, white, or vegetable. This soap base
is more often used in melt and pour soaps, than in any other kind of soap.
Glycerin is simply a liquid that has no color, is thick, a bit sweet and comes
from vegetable and animal fats.
You can actually use it for many things besides making your soap. For
instance, it is used in the making of dynamite as well as being used as a
lubricant for hydraulic equipment.
You'll find it in cosmetics, ink and lotions. In many food items it's used as
an additive and as a substitute for sugar. Even when canning fruits or
jellies, you'll be using glycerin.

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When it comes to a safe base for soap, glycerin is great.
Lard is another soap base. It's also known as one of the most popular
bases, as it produces a thick creamy lather, has conditioning properties and
will make your finished soap product harder.
Many soaps today are made from fats and oils that react with lye (sodium
hydroxide). Solid fats like coconut oil, palm oil, tallow (rendered beef fat),
or lard (rendered pork fat), are used to form bars of soap that stay hard
and resist dissolving in the water left in your soap dish.
Another type of base is soap chips. If you want to make a liquid soap, these
are a common base for this type of soap. You can use stored up tiny pieces
of soap, or go out and buy a basic bar and shave it using a grater.
Most beginners will be using a recipe and your base will already be
determined for you. As you look at different recipes, make sure that you
look at the different types of bases being used, so that you are getting the
one you will feel most comfortable using as a beginner.

15
Ingredient
s Essential oils are basically essences that are highly
concentrated and extracted from numerous different
plants. Often you find them used therapeutically, but
they are also the most popular way of scenting your
soap. There are a number of essential oils available to
the soap maker and many soap makers will combine
different essential oils, in order to achieve their own
special brand or scent.
You do need to consider that not all essential oils are beneficial and
therefore you must carefully determine the safety of any oil you choose to
use in your soaps.
You must also make sure that the oils you choose will not cause irritation to
your skin, as well as being aware that some oils can cause problems in the
soap you are making.
Most commonly citrus oils can cause your batch of soap to curdle, so take
great care using them.

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E ssential Oils
Fragrance Oils D o
pou know the
difference
Essential oils, also known as aromatherapy oils, are oils that are considered
to be volatile. They are usually extracted from plants.
Fruits are partially made of water and

therefore have no volatile oils that can be
extracted in large quantities. This is one of
the reasons why there are no volatile fruit
oils.
When it comes to fruit aromas for your soap,

you can get fragrance oils. They are usually
made from synthetic or natural ingredients
in order to have the aroma, or scent, of any
particular fruit.
They carry no therapeutic properties that are normally found in essential

oils and are man made.
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They only type of fruit that will be found in essential oils, are ones that are
derived from the citrus family. The reason for this, is that the oil comes
from the rind of the fruit and occasionally from the plant leaves.
Most of us have experienced these oils when we have pealed fruit from
oranges or lemons and have felt and smelled the essential oils. This is
aromatherapy at its most purist level.
Castile oap
A favorite and easy soap to make is castile soap. This is usually made with
olive oil and is a very mild and gentle soap. It's wonderful for baby soaps.
If you want natural then Castile soap is the product for you.
This type of soap is normally made from only purest vegetable oils and not
from any animal fats, or any synthetic substances.
For really pure Castile soap, you should use olive oil, but you can also use
oils from coconuts and jojoba. This is also a soap that is highly
biodegradable and safe for the planet.

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Many people also use this soap for washing their hair
and normally find they do not even need to use
conditioners after rinsing. So besides using it in the
bath or shower, give it a try on your hair as well.
You can also make liquid Castile soap, for those who
want to use it as a pet shampoo. Men like to use this
soap in place of shaving lather because it is so rich and
creamy, which means that it is also great for women
who are shaving their legs.
So, when it comes to using this soap, think in terms of

the many different uses and remember that it is one of the richest, purest
soaps you can make for your family.

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Facts A bout L pe
Lye, although hard to find, can often be found in hardware stores. It is
important to make sure that it is 100% sodium hydroxide and that it is sold
in a granular form.
Do not buy Drano. It contains other ingredients that will have an adverse
affect with saponification and will result in irritation of your skin.
Lye can also be ordered online, but you will usually have to fill out a
hazardous material form in order to get it shipped to you.
Soap has always been made using lye. In olden times it was made from the
rendering of animal fats and adding lye which came from leaching ashes.
Some feel that lye soap is harsh and store bought soap is better. Nothing
could be farther from the truth. Basically all soaps are made using lye,
including Castile soap, which is used on newborn babies. Once the process
of making soap is completed, the lye is rendered safe enough to eat. So
don't fear using lye in your soap recipes.

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Oils and Fats

Oils and fats are both easy and hard to find. Olive oil, shortening and
vegetable oils, are of course easily found in your grocery store. It's a little
more difficult to find oils such as avocado and coconut oils, but many
specialty grocery stores should have them. For Castor oil you should be
able to find large quantities in your local pharmacy. For wheat germ oil and
almond oils check out your local health food stores.
Additi%es
Believe it or not, you will generally find the most common additives that
you need right in your own kitchen. Oatmeal for instance is a common
staple in most households. Other additives such as herbs can normally be
found in your local grocery store, or grow your favorites right in your own
back yard for even more savings.
A health food store should be able to provide you with things such as Aloe
Vera, vitamins, supplements and vitamin E in capsule form. Try shopping
in some of your local ethnic grocery stores for even more unusual
substances to add to your soaps. You also should try to buy organic
whenever possible. With all the different pesticides used these days, the
last thing you want is them leeching into your soaps.

21
E puip
ment Next we move on to the different types and
pieces of equipment you will be using.
Most of these you will already have in your

home and you will not need to go out and
spend more money buying them.
First you need a food scale that is very

accurate. You will measure things such as
oils, fragrances, additives, lye and even the
amount of water you will be using.
You will be using lye and it is crucial that

you have rubber gloves and safety goggles. It is extremely important to
protect your eyes and your skin, when working with any kind of lye
solution, or even raw caustic soap.
You will need a heat resistant 2-3 quart

pitcher that is made of stainless steel or plastic. Most people prefer
plastic. It's less expensive and works just as well as stainless steel.
Whatever you choose, make sure it comes

with a tight fitting lid, as you will be using it to mix your lye solution.

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It is wise to label this pitcher as LYE, in big clear letters, on all sides, as
well as top and bottom. You do not want any accidents, where someone
mistakes this liquid for something they can drink.
You will need a large plastic spoon or stainless steel spoon for stirring your
lye mixture.
If you are starting out with small batches of soap, it is quite possible to
simply use a large Pyrex pitcher to mix things in.
If you are only working with 2-3 pounds of soap, you should be fine.
If you are making large batches of soap, it is

recommended that you get a stainless steel pot than
can hold up to 8-12 quarts. It also must have a firm
tight fitting lid for it. This will be known as your
soap pot and will be used to melt your oils the
blending of your soap.
You will need a 3 quart plastic or glass bowl. This will

be used for your liquid oils before you start adding
them to your other mixture.

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You will need a couple of good cooking thermometers. This will be needed
in order to monitor the temperature of your lye solution, as well as your
melted oils.
Measuring spoons are used to measure small amounts of ingredients such

as essential oils, additives and colors.
You will need something from your kitchen that can hold the above items
for measurement. Custard cups work very well.
A small whisk to help in blending your fragrances, colors or essential oils

into your mixture.
Choose ladles made of plastic or stainless

steel. These will help to remove bits of raw
soap so that you can blend in the colors.
A stick blender. (Here I have to laugh, as I

remember not having a clue what a stick
blender was, yet most of the recipes I wanted
to use told me to use this.)

24
This item will help to blend your oils with the mixture of lye so that the
saponification process can start. It will help you to do it much faster than if
you were stirring by hand. I've included a picture of one so that you will
understand what a stick blender is. This is a common kitchen utensil.
Something to cut your soap with if your are making

a large block. I prefer to use a guitar string as there
is less chance of cutting myself and they work
really well. I got this idea from a friend who told
me the best way to cut a cake is by using dental
floss.
These items will cut much better and easier than a
knife.
Last, but not least, you will need soap molds to pour your soap into. There
are a number of different options to choose from that do not cost any
money. Yogurt cups are very popular. If you are making a large batch try
using a shoe box.
Tupperware containers are also very creative. As long as the container is

leak proof you will be fine.
Take a look around your house and you'll be surprised at the number of
different options there are available to you, without you having to go out
and spend more money.

25
Choosing the
Might cale
Accuracp
Accuracy is going to be the key to the success or failure of your soap. I can
not stress enough, the importance of making sure the ingredient you are
using have the correct weight and measurement.
I encourage you to invest in a good soap making scale. Make sure that is it
highly calibrated, to ensure that you get the most accurate measurement
possible. There are times that you will be taking a measurement into
decimal points so make sure you purchase one that has this capability.
÷aximum eight
In purchasing a scale you need to look for ones that can accommodate the
maximum weight you might be using. Beside being concerned that the
scales are highly accurate, you will also need a scale than can hold large
quantities of ingredients. If you are going to be making large batches, you
need to calculate approximately what your ingredients may weigh.

26
If you were only measuring oils, you could easily get a scale that goes up
to 10 pounds, but if you will be using large amounts of other ingredients,
you may need a scale that can measure up to 100 pounds. Keep this in
mind as you search for a good scale. Measurements can make or break
your recipe and they need to be as accurate as possible.
D igital Mead Out cale

If you are going to take soap making seriously,
you may want to consider investing in a good
digital scale.
The more precise your measurements are, the

better your chances for success will be. When
you look for a scale, closely inspect the digital
read out and make sure it is easy to see and
read. You will at times, need to gather
information quickly and the larger the readout
the easier it will be for you to read.

27
table
cales
When considering the scale you want to buy, make sure that it is very
strong and steady. You don't want it moving or sliding around the counter
that you are working on.
Scales that move around can throw off your measurements. You want to
ensure that your scale will be secure. I would also check to make sure that
the feet of the scale have the benefit of non-slip materials to ensure
maximum stability.
B atterp or E lectric P owered cale

When choosing your scale consider the size of your work space and where
you will be putting the scales. You want your electric cord to be long
enough to reach to the outlet but you don't want it getting tangled in any
of the other equipment you will be using.
You may also want to consider choosing a scale that is battery operated.
This will eliminate the problems that cords can introduce to your work
space.
When you are working with caustic chemicals you do not want any risk of
them spilling, so choose wisely.

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Tare Function
Using the tare function will help to automatically take out the mass of the
vessel that you are using when weighing your ingredients.
It should reset the display to zero even though your container is on the
scale. This will allow for a more accurate reading of the ingredient you are
using.
The tare button will allow you to record your data much more accurately.
Make sure if you are sharing a recipe with someone else, that you tell the
person how you made your calculation. It is important to buy a scale that
has this function.
÷olds
Choosing your molds is one of the most fun parts
of making soap. There is such a large variety of
choices you could probably experiment with
different molds forever. Almost anything that can
hold a liquid can be used as a mold for your soap.
Cardboard boxes that have been lined with wax

paper are great for making large chunks of soap
that will later be cut into smaller bars.

29
Any kind of plastic food container that you purchased at the grocery store,
also will work well. Yogurt cups are a favorite of many soap makers.
Glass containers that are heat resistant also work well. Baby food jars are
very popular.
Large pans that are made of glass, wood or stainless steel are great for
large batches. One word of caution, do not use anything that is made of
aluminum. It does not work well with any kind of soap.
Once you have exhausted items from around the house you can look at
purchasing soap molds from a manufacturer or local craft stores. These are
made specifically for soap products and come in all shapes and sizes.
You can also look into molds that are designed for candles, as long as they
are not made of aluminum. This allows you to add even more designs to
your collection.
On the other hand, some people like to make their own molds and allow
their own creativity to flow, as they design all kinds of special types of
molds.
For instance, you can go to a local lumber store and purchase lengths of
PVC pipe, that are 2 or 3 inches in length. Be sure to purchase caps for the
ends of the pipe.

30
Test caps are also good for molds. They fit inside the pipe and normally
make for a flat bottom so that the pipe can stand on its own.
Plastic fast food containers that you get all the time are perfect as small
molds.
You can also build your own soap molds from plywood or pine wood. You
simply need a base, sides and end pieces. Put them all together with a glue
gun and you're all set.
Another creative thing, if using wood, is to have a design carved into the
bottom of wood. This will become your own distinctive marking for your
individual soaps.
Consider using silicone soap molds. They come in all shapes and sizes and
silicone will stand up to years of use.
There are sites online that will design a mold to look how you want. This
can be very useful if you want your soap to have a very unique quality.
If you are thinking of starting your own soap business, this is an excellent
idea to consider, not just for your own soaps, but specialty soaps for your
customers.

31
Ç our L pe olution
In choosing lye for your soap, make sure that you are purchasing a lye
solution that solely sodium hydroxide and water. You do not want lye that is
actually liquid drain cleaner as it will contain many other harmful
ingredients.
When purchasing lye be aware that you must know the ratio of water to lye
that you are considering purchasing. This should be clearly stated on the
container you purchase. As an example, your bottle may say that it is a
combination of 50% lye and another 50% water, by weight.
Another way to get lye is to purchase it in large quantities of 25-50 pound

bags. Consider going in with other soap makers to purchase a large
quantity. By purchasing in larger quantities, you will not have to constantly
go through the ordering process every time you want to make soap.
Once you determined what type of lye you will be using, you then need a
lye calculator to help determine the right amount of lye to use in your
recipe.
This is where a lye calculator can come in very handy. I use an online lye
calculator and highly recommend the one at this website.
http://www.thesage.com/calcs/lyecalc2.php

32
If you are using a liquid lye solution you may have to

do some extra calculations.
Remember this lye already comes mixed at 50/50

water/lye. If your recipe says to use 5 ounces of lye
and 10 ounces of water you would need to measure
10 ounces of the 50/50 solution. This means your
solution would be 5 ounces of water and 5 ounces of
lye. Now you need to bring up the amount of water so
that you get the correct total for your recipe.
Using dry lye is much easier, as you will simply be adding the correct
amount of water to it.

33
I n_D epth L ook A t

L pe Calculators
and pecific Gra
%itp
Although a little advanced for soap making for beginners, it's valuable to
understand lye calculators, as well as understanding what specific gravity
is.
If you jump ahead in your soap making learning and start to try your own
recipes or substitutions, it's good to have a basic understanding of what is
below.
Fats used in making homemade soap have a saponification value. This is a

value that is the amount of potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide, that
is needed to convert one gram of oil or fat into soap. When you know the
saponification value, then it's quite simple to calculate how much lye you
will need for your recipe.
Most online sites have done considerable research to calculate the

saponification averages and ranges that they use in their calculators.

34
Since this is one of the most important steps, in your home soap making, I
suggest you use two online calculators in order to double check the
numbers. As you become more skilled at making soap and want to try your
own recipes this will be one of your most valuable tools.
pecific Gra%itp
Ç nderstanding
and Ç sing I t
It's not as scary as it sounds. It simply helps with volume vs. weight
issues. You'll need to gather water, glass jars or bowls and a few other
ingredients we'll discuss later.
Water has a specific gravity of one.
An essential oil can have an approximate specific gravity of .89 Almond oil
has an approximate specific gravity of .92
Glycerin has a approximate specific gravity of 1.21
So to define specific gravity it is simply one fluid ounce of a product and

the actual weight of that product in ounces.

35
Water has a specific gravity of 1. This means that one fluid ounce will weigh
one ounce.
With the essential almond oil, one fluid ounce of it will weigh 0.92 ounces.
The glycerin has a specific gravity of 1.21. This means that one fluid ounce
will weigh 1.21 ounces.
If you purchase a pound of meat the label would say it weighs 16 ounces.
But if you buy 16 ounces of milk, the description on the bottle will say "16
Fluid Ounces". This is sold by volume.
Now take your clear glass jar and fill it with water, until it is about 3/4 full.
Add a tiny amount of the product you want to test and if it floats on the top
of the water, then the specific gravity will be less than one.
On the other hand, if your product sinks to the bottom, then you will know
that the specific gravity is more than one.

36
If the product disappears into the water and blends in, then this is not a
product that you can use for this test and would be suspect in any soap
making recipe.
Try different items such as honey, corn syrup or some of your favorite
fragrance and watch the differences. Just don't mix any of the ingredients
together.
After doing for awhile, it will not look or be nearly as scary as it sounds. It
will give you a good foundation for understanding, should you want to
venture into making your own soap recipes.
Thoughts On The Ç se of
L pe
If you are using liquid lye do not heat it. Your instructions may tell you to
have your lye/water solution at roughly 100 degrees, but the temperature
of your solution of lye is not nearly as important as the temperature of your
oils.
Room temperature should be sufficient for your lye solution. If you are
working in a room with a very cool temperature you could put your solution
(in its container), into a pot of hot water to bring the temperature up. As
long as your solution is somewhere between 85-90 degrees you should be
fine.
37
Caution, caution, caution!! Your lye solution will look identical to water and
can cause very serious burns to your skin. It will cause burns much faster
than dry lye will.
In liquid form this is a very dangerous chemical and you need to be

extremely careful with it. It needs to be stored in a safe place and
preferably, a very high place, out of the reach of small hands.
Last, make sure that you weigh everything. Do not use liquid
measurements. Follow the above and you should be making perfect
batches of soap in no time.

38
S ow to ÷ ake
B ar oap The
B asics
Technipues
Bar soap is the most commonly made shape
that soap makers choose. You can make your
soap distinctive by choosing different
combinations of quality essential oils, adding in
some of your favorite fragrances and even
coloring your soap with unique swirling
patterns.
You can add designs to the soaps, or add any

number of flowers or herbs. This is one way in
which commercial store soap will never be able to compare with the luxury
of homemade soap.
It's one of the main reasons they are becoming so popular, not to mention
the fact that, for those who do not want all the commercial chemicals in
store bought soap, homemade soap is an ideal solution to having the
purest soap possible as well as one that is really good for your skin.

39
÷ ethods of ÷ aking oap

There are four main methods of soap making. The following are the most
commonly used ones when it comes to making your own soap at home.
÷ elt and P our oaps

This is undoubtedly one of the easiest soaps to make,
especially for a beginner.
There are many types of bases to choose from, but

some of the most popular ones are glycerin, cocoa
butter, goat's milk, Aloe Vera and honey.
The best part is that you will not be using lye with this
process. This basically guarantees that your first batch
will be a great success.
You can choose bases that are already colored, specialty bases like avocado
and cucumber, cold cream bases and many others. Or you can choose
simple bases such coconut, transparent bases or opaque bases.

40
Here are some tips if you want to do a bit of experimenting with Melt &
Pour soaps.
First be aware that there are no preservatives needed with this type of
soap, unless you are using milk, fruit, vegetables or other types of
ingredients.
You can also use clays as a natural colorant as well as dry ingredients such
as oatmeal, fruit seeds, such as pomegranate seeds or herbs. If you add
these kinds of ingredients, it is wise to do it just as the soap is slightly
cooling, or they will sink.
Be careful not to overheat the base, as this could make your soap brittle
and will ruin the lather effect.
It is also important to package glycerin soaps immediately after removal

from their mold in order to avoid any condensation.

41
÷ elt and P our oap ÷ aking For

Children
One of the best bases for children to work with is a
glycerin base.
They have a low melting point and with supervision it

greatly lessens any danger of getting burned during
the soap making process.
This soap is very gentle on the skin, has almost no scent and allows the
children to be far more creative, by choosing their own scents or
fragrances.
As an added bonus you can purchase bases that already have goat's milk,
olive oil or coconut oils added to the base.
You can even order them pre-colored but this takes some of the fun out of
the process. The more fun a child has making soap the more likely they are
to stay interested. For children, it's all about putting their own creative
touches to their finished product.

42
Another area of creativity for children is in choosing their molds. For the
most part I recommend plastic molds, as they are probably the safest for
children to work with. Your local craft store should be able to provide you
with a variety of choices, including trays with unique motifs or individual
molds. Plastic molds will last a long time even with repeated use.
Tube molds are great for kids to use and very safe. You can use them for
small batches of soap or larger batches. No matter what the size of the
mold, you fill it up to where you want.
When using a tube mold it requires a bit of preparation, but it's fast and
easy. I normally use a bit of plastic wrap, about 5 layers and fix them to
the mold with string or elastics.
Simply pour in a small amount of melted soap, so that it creates a seal for
the base. Then just set it aside to harden. When you're ready to use it and
pour your soap into it, you will find that it is now leak proof.
There are many different types of containers that you can use for molds.
From plastic yogurt cups to foil dinner molds. If you take a good look
around your kitchen and house, you'll be surprised at the number of molds
you already have available to you right in your own home. Remember,
when it comes to teaching soap making for children, it's the creativity that
will keep their interest.

43
When you are ready to release your soap from the mold, simply push it
out. If you have problems getting it out, just pop it into the fridge for 15
minutes and then it should come out easily. The cold air will help to shrink
the soap a bit and make it easier to remove.
Cold P rocess oaps

This is one of the most common types of soap to make. It's normally made
from scratch using lye and oils.
This is what real soap making is and one of the most satisfying methods to
use, when making soap. You are in complete control of what goes into your
soap. It allows you to create a true art form and is one of the most unique
crafting experiences. This is where your true creative side can come out.
This type of soap making process allows you to add extra

fats and oils to the mixture that are very beneficial to the
people who use them. The art of doing this is referred to as
super fatting.

44
If you are a beginner, I don't recommend that you try this, until you have a
bit more experience. When you are ready you must follow a recipe and
follow it exactly, or you will definitely run into problems. That being said,
you will find that a lot of recipes are already super fatted.
Below is a very good beginner recipe to try for your first batch of soap.
B eginner Cold P rocess oap

Mecipe
4.5 pound Soap Recipe - makes just under 4.5 lbs of soap
16 ounces of Canola Oil
16 ounces of Coconut Oil
16 ounces of Palm Oil
6.9 ounces of Lye (5%
super fatted)
15.8 ounces of Water
First make sure you have all your ingredients ready and make sure you are
wearing rubber gloves and eye protection. It's also wise to wear something
with long sleeves.
Add your lye to your water. Make sure you stir it well until fully mixed and
beware of the fumes that come from the mixture.

45
Now put the mixture aside and allow it to cool until it reaches 110 degrees
Fahrenheit.
Make sure you put it in a safe area and one that is well vented. Otherwise
put it somewhere outside.
Next take all of your oils, put them together and melt them. Then let them
cool off to 110 degrees Fahrenheit. It should be around the same
temperature as you lye water solution, + or - 5 degrees Fahrenheit.
Take the melted oil mixture and add the

lye/water mixture to it, taking great care
not to spill any. Next you need to stir it as
vigorously as possible, until you see trace
starting to occur. Trace will look like a thin
custard.
If you have a stick blender it will speed up

the trace process. Stirring by hand can
take up to an hour, so I highly recommend
investing in a stick blender.
When you have achieved trace, it's time to pour your mixture into your
chosen molds.

46
In approximately four to five days, you should be ready to take then out of
their molds and then let them sit for approximately 5-6 weeks, so that they
can cure and allow the saponification process to finish.
Your soap should be ready to use.
I must stress again, that you must be as careful as possible when using
lye. Keeping yourself aware of the dangers, at all times, will keep you safe.
We will also have a full recipe section at the end of the book, but this
should get you off to a good start and get your feet wet.
S ot P rocess oap
This is a form of soap making from the days of your great-grandmother and
great-great grandmother. This is from back in the days when women used
to boil their soap in large vats and often over open fires.
In this process you can use a double boiler, a microwave, or even a crock
pot. Much is so much easier than the olden days. In this process the soap is
cooked until saponification is completed.

47
One concern with hot process soap is the removal of the

soap from molds.
With wooden molds you should have no problems, but

molds that are made of plastic will prove to be difficult. It
is not unusual for the soap to come out a little sticky and
after a few days of being in the open air, it will be fine.

48
B asic S ot P rocess oap

Mecipe for a Crockpot
mooth and oft, Oats and
Ingredients
S onep, Castile oap
32 ounces of olive oil
3 ounces of Castor oil
4.50 ounces of Lye (about 5% super fatting)
12 ounces of Water
3 tablespoons of Honey
3 tablespoons of Oat flower
Preheat your crock pot and then add your

oils to it.
While doing this mix your lye with your

water, very carefully.
Once this solution is completely blended and dissolved, gently and slowly
add it to your oils in the crock pot.
Stir it or stick blend it until you get a thick trace. At this point turn your
crock pot up to high and cover it with the crock pot lid. Check on it every
10-15 minutes and stir well each time. Then put the lid back on.

49
Once the soap has gone through the separation stage

and has then gone through the rising up and turning in
on itself, (it will look like mashed potatoes or Vaseline)
it's time to do a knife test.
A knife test is simply putting a clean dry knife into the

mixture. If it comes out looking waxy, then try a
tongue test. If it still zaps, add some more olive oil,
about one teaspoon and stir it well. Then let it cook for
approximately two minutes.
Now add the three tablespoons of honey and stir it into the soap that is
cooking. This should produce an immediate change in the color and it will
turn a dark color. Also, it should start to sizzle a bit. At this point turn the
crock pot to off.
Mix your oat flour with 3 or 4 tablespoons of cold water and get all the
lumps out. Make sure there are no lumps whatsoever. Now add this mixture
to the soap and stir it very well.
You are now ready to pour the soap into your molds. This should yield
approximately one quart, the size of a milk carton and a pint (half quart)
carton. The soap should be ready for cutting in about 24 hours. You can
substitute goat's milk for the water in the oatmeal mixture.

50
Mebatching oap
Rebatching soap is one of the easiest processes of
soap making. It is often used to make liquid soap
and is basically foolproof.
In the simplest terms it is taking bars of soap, or

those leftover tiny chunks of soap, adding some
milk or water to them and re-blending them. You
can also add goat's milk or even coconut milk.
Take your leftover soap, approximately 4 ounces
and using a grater start grating it. When it gets
too small to grate, use a sharp knife to get it a tiny
as possible.
Next you will need distilled water. Approximately one gallon will suffice.
Heat the water to the point where it starts to steam.
Add the grated soap to your distilled water.
Remove the mixture from the heat source and let it sit for approximately
15 minutes.

51
Blend this mixture with a hand blender and then let it sit overnight.
Check to make sure the mixture is completely blended and if it is not fully
blended, use the mixer again until it is completely blended.
Once completed simply put it in liquid hand dispensers and refill as

needed.

52
Ç sing E ssential Oils

Of all our senses, the scent one is probably the most
enduring. Scents can change our emotions and help us
to heal our bodies. Scents can lift you up or calm you
down. This is one of the reasons why essential oils are
so important in soap making.
Essential oils are normally absorbed very quickly by

your skin, or through inhaling the scents. They can be
one of the most important aspects of healing. The benefits are endless.
Finding essential oils is the easy part. They are relatively easy to find
locally or online. Online you will find there are many soap making suppliers,
who have a large variety of essential oils.
Your decision will be whether or not you want to use organic essential oils
or non-organic essential oils. For many soap makers, they want to use only
organic essential oils.
It should be noted that organic oils are very expensive, but they do have
the advantage that they usually create less problems in the soap making
process.

53
You also have the comfort of knowing that your soap is totally organic and
if you are going to sell your soap or give it away, it's always nice to be able
to say this to people.
On the other hand, fragrances that are synthetic can "sometimes" cause
your soap to not set correctly. Then you are faced with a huge loss of cash,
due to your batch not turning out correctly.
For those who want to make large batches of soap, or who want to sell
them commercially, they can greatly reduce their cost factor when it comes
to organic essential oils, as they are buying in bulk.
You will find that online soap suppliers will offer significant discounts for
large orders, thus bringing your costs down. If you are limiting your soap to
only a few different organic essential oils, then you will save quite a bit of
money.
In the beginning of your soap making adventure you will most likely be
trying out any number of essential oils and after awhile you will have
settled into using probably less than five main ones.
Essential oils are what give your soaps that unique natural smell. There are
essential oils that have an aromatherapy effect and some that have unique
therapeutic benefits.

54
The essential oils you choose will determine the benefits that go beyond
just cleaning. They add a whole new dimension to soap and a luxury that
many love to enjoy.
E ssential Oils - hen and

hp
Essential oils are normally added right after your soap reaches trace. It
should only take a few drops of your oil in order to have your soap
thoroughly scented. Although they are expensive to buy, you're only using
a few drops at a time.
A romatherapp in oaps
The healing properties of aromatherapy have been known for some time. At
one time there were aromatherapy clinics all over Europe and they treated
all kinds of ailments.
Most often they were used to treat mental disorders. In recent years
aromatherapy has made a huge comeback and is very popular in treating
any number of ailments, the most popular being stress.

55
Because of this popularity you will have no problem finding any kind of
essential oil that you may want to use in your soap making.
Oils such as sage, tangerine, rose and lavender are well known for helping
people to relax.
Peppermint, lemon, jasmine and rosemary are great for making you feel
more energetic.
Jasmine, orange, lime and mint are good for making you feel happier and
more stimulated.
Eucalyptus, lavender and tea tree oil are good for antiseptic soap.
Oils such as ylang ylang and lavender are great for helping you to sleep.
When it comes to your pets and fleas and ticks rosemary, oregano and tea
tree oils are good for helping to repel these pests.

56
You will find that over time, as you give away

your soaps or sell them, you will develop a
special relationship with customers who want
soaps for a very specific purpose.
One of the most popular is natural soaps for pet

owners who want to use them on animals with
sensitive skin.
The advantages of essential oils are endless. The hard part comes in
deciding which essential oils you choose to use. Smell will be one
determining factor, but also healing properties will often be another
determining factor.
For instance, the healing properties of essential oils can be found in oils
such as tea tree oil. Besides working as an insect repellent, it's good for
itchy skin problems.

57
It's not unusual for soap makers to start experimenting with mixing
different essential oils together in order to come up with their own unique
scent.
For beginners who want to try this out, it is recommended that they do it
on a small batch of soap, before trying it on a much larger batch. This
allows you to see if you are going to experience any problems with the
blended oils not mixing well with your soap.
You can also look for suppliers that have already taken some oil blends and
have tested them in order to eliminate any guess work for their buyers.
S ow to do
Ç our Own
B lends of
E ssential Oils
When you are first starting out, it may be difficult or confusing trying to
decide which essential oils you can blend together. I often recommend that
you think in cooking terms. You can bake an apple pie with cinnamon and it
smells great.

58
This gives you the idea then that you can blend essential oils of apple and
cinnamon together with success. Another successful blend can be apple and
cloves.
Other ideas could be a citrus fruit with a spice oil. The combinations are
endless and you will do a lot of experimenting. You can also go to a local
health food store and try sniff tests with two open bottles placed close
together, to help give you some ideas.
For even more ideas, when you're shopping, look at different products that
have combined different scents.
When you are ready to start combining, open the essential oils and have a
glass jar nearby. Put your essential oil bottles together and try and get a
preview of the scent to make sure it's what you want.
Take a clean cotton swab and put a few drops of the first essential oil on it.
Repeat with any other essential oils you are going to use.
Squeeze off excess oils into the jar. Make sure you record what essential
oils you used to make your unique scent.

59
Place all your swabs into your glass jar and then leave it for 5-10 minutes.
When you return to the jar, keep your head a few feet about it and smell
the air. This will give you an idea of the scent in the beginning stage of its
development.
Write down your feelings about the scent as well as the way it makes you
feel. Does it smell fresh, healthy or maybe invigorating?
One crucial thing to write about, is whether or not one of the essential oils
smells overpowering, thus drowning out the other scents.
Now, put the lid back on the jar and store the jar in a cool place with little
lighting. Return to it in a few hours and smell your combined scents again.
The scents will have continued to mix and will be more mature now.
Again make some notes on how you feel about this blend.
Now, put the lid back on the jar again and put it away for at least 2 days.
Then repeat the above process, making sure to update your notes. By now
the essential oils should be completely mixed and fully matured.
Now it's time to decide if you need to make any changes to your blend of
essential oils. Your notes will give you ideas on what adjustments you
might want to make.

60
Keep doing this until you have a blend that you feel totally comfortable
with. Then it's time to proceed to use them in a batch of soap, again
keeping notes on the final outcome.
Tips and Tricks For Essential Oils

1. Make sure you are using very clean cotton swabs or you may end up
with contamination. Make sure to put equal amounts of essential oils
on each swab to assure you are getting a correct blend.
2. You could use an eye dropper to put oils on your swab. This allows for
more accuracy, but you must make sure to use a separate eye
dropper for each oil.
3. In order to clear your nose of any scents, simply sniff some ground
coffee or even ground beans. Getting rid of all scents from your nose
will give you a better assessment of what is in your scent jar.
4. Never, ever, put your nose into the jar in order to smell your scents.
The scent should waft into the air above the jar and you will get a
better idea of your combination.

61
5. Always try new things. Once you're ready to move on from typical
combinations, have some fun trying out all different kinds of scents.
Have your friends over and make an afternoon of it. You'll be
surprised at some of the ideas that they will come up with.
6. Always, always keep notes. If you find the perfect scent and didn't
keep notes, you'll be sorry. Better safe than sorry.

62
Coloring Ç our oap

After you have added your essential oils to your soap, it's now the time to
add your color or colors.
Here you can combine colors for your soap, or

simply use one solid color.
I usually add a bit of color at a time, until I

achieve the exact shade I want to use.
Make sure you stir it well, so that all the color is

blended in, before adding more color to the mix.
If you need ideas for colors go to your local
paint store and get some of those color
swatches. You'll get many ideas from them.
If you want to have your soap turn out with a

swirl affect, take about half a cup of your soap mix and put it into a
separate container. Now add your color to this mixture.
Hold your container above your pot of soap

mixture and slowly pour into it. It's best to pour it into a corner and then
take your spatula and start to swirl the mixture throughout the pot. Do not
over stir. Over stirring will not give you the desired results.

63
The ÷ old P rocess

Finally your soap is done, it's turned out
perfectly and your ready to start pouring it into
your molds.
If you are using more than one mold, try to

pour an even amount into each mold.
Make sure that you do not fill them to the
top.
As the soap cures it will start to slightly

increase in volume.
When this is finished, use old towels to wrap your molds. You want to use
as many towels as you have available, in order to stop the heat from
escaping. You want the heat to dissipate as slowly as possible. Place the
bundle in a draft free area for approximately 24-48 hours. This allows your
soap to complete the cooking process.
After the 48 hours has passed it's time to remove your soap from the
molds. Gently push the soap out of the mold in order to avoid any
breakage. If you are experiencing any difficulties getting the soap out,
simply put them in the freezer. This will make them shrink slightly and it
should then be easy to get your soap out.

64
S ow to Cut and Trim Ç our

oap
When your soap is completely hardened the next task is
to cut it and cure it. The first thing you need to
consider is what size bars you would like. Normally a
bar will be about three quarters of an inch thick. Any
thicker than that and it can become hard to handle in
the shower or bath. If you want evenly sized bars,
simply measure the block and then cut it evenly.
Some cutters use wire and I have a personal preference to use guitar string
wire. It is normally pulled tightly across two pieces of wood. You can also
buy cutters that have a pattern and will result in patterned soap, or just
simply use a good long knife.
Once this is completed, you then store your soap in a well ventilated area
for three to four weeks, to allow it to complete the process and dry. Every
few days turn your soaps over so that they will all dry evenly.

65
Decorating Çour Finished Product

One of the nice finishing touches you can do to your soaps is to decorate
them, especially if you are selling them or giving them as gifts. It adds a
whole new touch of sophistication to your finished product and it's easy to
do.
You can decorate your soaps with anything from pictures from magazines,
to wonderful dried flowers and herbs. The choices are endless.
For dried flowers, simply melt a small amount of

paraffin wax and with a pastry brush, brush it on
to your bar of soap. Immediately add your dry
flower so that it attaches to the soap.
For adding pictures to your bar of soap, use a

decoupage adhesive.
Lightly brush it onto your bar of soap and then

quickly apply the picture.

66
Also consider adding a small about of the adhesive to the picture as well.
It's prudent to measure everything beforehand, in order to make sure that
your picture will fit. Once the picture is attached, brush the picture with the
adhesive and allow it to dry. Keep repeating this until you have three to five
coats on top of the picture.
S ow to tore Ç our oap

Before you start to wrap and store your soap, make sure that it is
completely cured and hard. When you are ready to use your soap, or to
decorate it to give away or sell it, I recommend wrapping your soap in
saran wrap, with two or three layers. This helps to preserve your soap for
months.
I would then store it in a ventilated dry space, such as a drawer or

cupboard until ready to use.
Keep in mind that natural soaps have absolutely no preservatives in them

and normally they should be used within a year's time. If you are making
different batches, make sure you label them with a date, before storing
them. This allows you to use the oldest batch first.

67
÷ aking Transparent oap

Transparent soap has always been a favorite in my
household. It is simply part soap and part solvent.
When you use sodium hydroxide in this soap, it

will result in crystals forming in your soap, which
is the main reason for the soap becoming an
opaque color.
Making it transparent is really quite simple. If you

dissolve the soap in enough solvent the crystals
will become so small, that you will be able to see
through your bar of soap and this is what will make it look transparent.
After putting together your supplies, preheat your oven to about 80

degrees Celsius. You will need to put a clear Pyrex cup into your freezer so
that you will be able to later test the transparency of the soap.
Gather together about 5 spoons, your color, a spray bottle of ethanol, a

whisk, a large pot, preferable one with a spout, your essential oil or
fragrance, saran wrap and a plastic strainer. It's also a good idea to have
litmus paper to test your PH levels later on.

68
This is a long process, so make sure you have set aside at least half a day
for making your soap. Measure out all your oils and combine and heat them
in a slow cooker.
Make sure you use a cooker that will hold at least 5 liters. You can also
choose to use a crock pot, although it will present some challenges when
you need to tip it sideways, when using your stick blender to mix the lye
solution and your oils.
Make your lye solution using 170 grams of water and NaOH lye and then
set it to the side to cool off.
When your oil and your lye solution reach approximately 60 degrees
Celsius, put your lye solution into your oil solution and stir it. It's best to do
this with a stick blender.
It should reach trace within a couple of minutes. Cover your soap with a
tight fitting lid and pop it into an oven heated to 80 degrees Celsius for one
and a half hours.
You can choose to leave your soap in the crock pot on warm, check it after
and hour to ensure it's getting to the gel stage. This only takes a few
hours. Minimize your water loss as much as possible.

69
Within 1 1/2 hours to 2 hours the soap should be fairly neutral, with a PH
of nine to ten.
Your total soap mass will now be in the gel stage. It's now time to do a
litmus test by dissolving a bit of the soap in a small amount of water and
then use your litmus paper to get an accurate reading. Your soap should
now be neutral.
The next step is to mix 85 grams of glycerin with 383 grams of ethanol.
Once these have been well mixed, remove them from your heat source and
pour this mixture, into your soap mixture, while stirring briskly with your
whisk.
Pour very slowly, so that you can identify clumps of soap and break them
up while you go. You will need to work very fast, so that you can minimize
any loss of ethanol. After this is done, use your stick blender to break up
the larger pieces.
Not all of your soap will dissolve right away and don't be surprised to see
some pieces floating around in your soap like mixture. The chunks will
dissolve when you are in the cooking phase.
One thing to be careful of is the fumes coming from your mixture. Ethanol
vapor is very flammable and can accumulate in your room.

70
Return the lid to your crock pot and cook it at the warm setting for
approximately thirty to forty-five minutes. Continue to check occasionally
to ensure your temperature is approximately 70-80 degrees Celsius. If your
lid is not tight enough, you will have to use something to secure it as
tightly as possible, as you do not want any ethanol to escape while it is
cooking.
Allow it to cook for thirty-five minutes and then look to see if your soap is
completely dissolved.
Expect to see a foamy soap layer on the top and simply spray it with your
ethanol, in your spray bottle, to bring it down and then stir it with a spoon.
If some of it still floats on top, this is normal and it will be taken care of
later in the process.
Now, prepare a sugar syrup. Do this using 113 grams of water and bring it
to a boil. Turn the heat completely off and pour 227 grams of sugar into it
and stir it until you see that the sugar has completely dissolved. Put the
mixture back on the heat and bring it to a boil.
Allow it to simmer for one to two minutes to ensure that all of the sugar
got dissolved. Next, put this sugar solution into your soap solution and stir
vigorously.

71
Using a ladle you can now skim off the foam soap from the top of your
mixture and place it in a small bowl. Mash this up and add your essential
oils or fragrances. Next add a small amount of glycerin and pour it into
your mold. This will make a very useful hand soap.
Next, it's time to test the transparency. Take the Pyrex cup from the freezer
and pour some of the clear soap liquid into it and gauge the transparency.
The soap may at first look transparent but return it to the freezer for seven
to ten minutes and then check it for a second time.
If it appears to be milky it will need more solvent. This is perfectly normal.

Keep your crock pot mixture at 70 degrees Celsius and continue cooking.
During this time you need to spray some ethanol on the mixture, returning
the lid to stop ethanol loss while you do your tests.
Continue to add small amounts of ethanol, as well as dissolved sugar in

water, until you get transparency.
Different areas, above and below sea level, may cause you to have to
adjust your recipe. You may even have to add a bit more glycerin.

72
Once you have your transparency pour the soap into a jar so that it can
cool off. This is where you will use your strainer to ensure that soap fleck
and foam will be completely removed. Cover your jar with saran wrap and
put a thermometer into the mixture. When it cools to approximately sixty
degrees Celsius, you then add your colors and fragrances.
Now it's time to pour it into your molds. If there is any skin on the top of
the soap when it's in the molds, simply spray it with some ethanol, gently
mix it and it should instantly dissolve. The same also applies if you have
any foam on your soap after pouring it into the molds. This is where a
strainer can come in handy.
Now you should put your molds into the freezer. The faster the soap cools,
the more transparent it will be. Putting them in the fridge will also work, if
you do not have enough room in the freezer. When the soap is hard enough
you can remove it from the mold. Take it out of the cool spot and wait five
minutes or so, until you pop it out of its mold. Try not to touch the soap as
you could end up with fingerprints on it.
Now allow the soap to cure and dry for two weeks. It will become more
transparent and harder over this period of time. If a skin forms, polish it up
with some ethanol, wrap it in saran wrap and this should keep any humidity
out.

73
÷ aking L ipuid oap

Liquid soap is very popular and used in a number
of different areas in the home. It's usually found
in the bathroom, kitchen, garage and laundry
rooms.
It's extremely useful and handy, especially when

used in a pump.
It can be essential in helping to control dirt, grime

and many different kinds of germs that we
encounter in our everyday lives.
Liquid soap making is probably one of the easiest soaps to make. For the
most part you're simply reusing old soaps, that you have stored over time.
A simple method of grating and melting these pieces will give you a
wonderful soap that is very inexpensive to make.
To make your own liquid soap, take some old soap pieces, or even a full bar
of soap and grate it as fine as possible. For tiny pieces that cannot be
grated, simply take a knife and chop it as finely as possible.

74
The next step is to put the grated soap into a blender, along with one cup
of boiling water. Put the blender on slow or whip and continuing blending
until your mixture begins to look pasty.
Now add about 1 tablespoon of honey and 1 teaspoon of glycerin and stir it
until it is completely mixed.
Allow your mixture of soap and water to cook for about twenty minutes and
then begin the whipping process again. At this point start adding cold water
to the soap mixture, until you reach the point of about six cups of mixture.
Now you are ready to pour it into your container, with no lid and let it stand
in place while it continues to cool off.
When completely cooled, you are ready to put your mixture into soap
pumps that are refillable and you are all set.
Some people like to make their liquid soap an antibacterial soap. It's very
simple to do. You will want to use your favorite antibacterial essential oil.
Everyone has their own favorite and there are many to choose from.
Here you will simply add about twenty drops of the essential lavender oil,
to about ten drops of your favorite antibacterial essential oil. Combine
these with about four ounces of liquid castile soap.

75
Put into your containers and remember that you will need to shake the
container, to ensure that there is no separation before you wash your
hands.
oap ÷ aking ÷ istakes

If you want to avoid the disappointment of a ruined batch of soap, not to
mention the loss of all the money you put into it, there are a few simple
procedures you can follow that will save you time and money.
If you're trying something new, the best thing to do is try out your idea
first, before you get involved in making a large batch and risk it being
ruined.
Let's look at some of the most frequently made mistakes and see how you
can learn to avoid having them happening to you.

76
oap ÷ aking ÷ istake 2 1

Making a Large Batch Without Testing a N e w Recipe
If you're using a new recipe for the first time, it's a very prudent to test it
with a small batch to avoid having to throw away a large amount of ruined
soap, not to mention the cost involved.
Start with about two pounds. This allows you to test your recipe and make
sure that the probability of it working is high. You won't be wasting a lot of
money, just to see it end up in the garbage. If it works on this size batch,
then you're ready for a much larger one and you'll feel fairly confident that
it will come out right.

77

Be Careful Changing The Recipe
If you are a beginner, I suggest you don't try this until you have much
more experience.
When you are ready, you should start with small test batches in order to try
out your changes. Be very careful in changing oils in a recipe. If you
change the oil you will definitely need to change or recalculate how much
lye you are putting in.
Different oils can have very different amounts of fatty acids and
unsaponifable material. It is wise to use a lye calculator, of which there are
many on the internet, in order to judge whether your recipe will work or
not.
Start by only changing one ingredient at a time. This allows you to know
that it is this ingredient that is causing the problem instead of having to
guess from numerous different materials that you may have used.

78

Be Careful Adding Things To The Batch
We all love color in our soaps as well as fragrances, but if you start adding
too many, you could end up with a ruined batch.
If you start out small, do test batches and add small amounts of your
ingredients at a time, you will have a much better chance of success.
If you feel you don't have enough color, or the smell is not strong enough,
you can always add more later, but keep it to a small amount at a time.
This way you can better gauge what the correct amount will be.

79

Keep A Record Of N e w Recipes
As you start to experiment with different additives and you increase the
number of different soaps you are creating, it's wise to keep a record of
what you did and what you used.
It's simple to do, but few rarely do it and then when trying to recreate the
recipe from memory, they find they've made a mistake and probably ruined
a large batch at the same time.
If it's a recipe that you really love, then make sure you keep an account of
your steps, so that in the future you will be able to recreate it and enjoy it
again.

80
oap ÷ aking ÷ istake 2 ¥

Test, Test, Test
The number one cause of failure is not testing first. The more advanced you
get in soap making, the more likely you are to experiment. Many make the
mistake of not testing their new recipe first. If you make a change to any of
your recipes then you MUST test it.
Testing is a great way of trying out new ideas, fragrances and colors. So
test first and then make a large batch and you'll enjoy the satisfaction of
having a good finished product.

81
oap ÷ aking ÷ istake 2 б

Have The Patience of Job
Some batches that you make may change in smell from day to day. It may
not smell strong the first few days, but after a week it could be a lot
stronger than what you expected.
If you are using preservatives it's important to take a few bars from the
batch and wrap them and date them. This allows you to check over time
how stable they are and how long the scent lasts.
Then you can give them away as gifts, with an expiration date. It will be
appreciated. Although this takes time and patience, once you've done it
with one recipe, you'll never have to do it again with that one. Make sure to
also write it into your recipe book for future reference.

82
Troubleshooting
eparation and Curdling
Separation and curdling are probably the two most common problems that
beginners experience. The soap can come out looking like cottage cheese in
some cases.
One of the most common reasons that causes curdling is that your soap
mixture, during the cooling stage, cooled off much to quickly. It is also
possible that you did not measure your ingredients properly, or maybe you
put too many additives or colors that may have had sodium in them, into
the mix.
If your mixture cooled off too quickly try reheating it to 110 degrees
Fahrenheit/43 degrees Celsius. Do not exceed this temperature. You can
reheat it in a crock pot and while doing this you must be continually stirring
the mixture as it is melting.
When it is finished re-pour into your molds and be sure to wrap it in many
towels, in order to keep it well insulated. If this does not work, then it is
most likely that your batch is ruined and the most likely cause is your
ingredients.

83
÷ p ÷ ixture D id
S ot Thicken
One of the most common reasons for this to happen is usually the oils you
used. It is crucial that you use oils that are considered to be soft oils. The
higher the percentage of the oil, the more visible the effect of thickening
will be.
÷ p ÷ ixture D id S ot Trace
If you soap shows signs of un-saponified
fatty acids, you can be sure it will not
thicken. By adding borax, it may be
possible to get the soap to thicken, but this
is not for a beginner to try. You can also
try reboiling your soap, to remove some of
the water from it.
This may work. More often than not, the

batch is ruined.

84
When you are making your own soap, you are blending your heated oils,
with your lye and water solution, until it achieves "trace".
Once you have achieved trace you're over the first hurdle.
In order to know if you have reached trace, you can do a test by putting a
spoon into your mixture and allowing some of it to dribble back into your
mixture. If it looks like a little bump of soap and then a few seconds later it
vanishes into your mixture, then you have reached trace.
Don't expect your soap to be thick at this point. It simply needs to look like
there is no oil floating in it. It needs to look like everything has been
blended together. If your soap has not reached trace after 35-45 minutes,
stop stirring it and leave it for ten minutes.
Then stir it for another ten minutes. Repeat this process for at least
another forty minutes. If you still do not have trace then the batch is no
good and you can get rid of it.

85
÷ p oap I s
Too S ard
In this case you have probably used too much lye. You can try adding some
vegetable fat to your mixture. Again make sure of your measurements.
I S a%e Grease On Top of ÷ p

oap
The cause of this problem is incomplete saponification, poor distribution of
lye, or you may have poured your soap too soon. Make sure that you
measure as accurately as possible to avoid this in the future.
Make sure that when you pour your mixture, it is thick and creamy looking
and always remember to stir and keep on stirring. You can never over stir.
There is hite tuff A ll O%er

÷ p oap
It sounds as though you did not use distilled water and that possibly your
water is too hard. It's also possible that you used too much lye. In the
future, always use distilled water.

86
÷ p oap I s Greasp and

Gooep
There can only be one cause for this and that is that you did not use
enough lye in your mixture. Also, always make sure that you use distilled
water and measure as accurately as possible.
÷ p oap S as treaks I n I t
You probably did not stir it enough, or long enough. Another possibility is
not having balanced emulsion. In the future, pour your lye mixture very
slowly into the fat solution. Make sure that you stir very thoroughly.

87
D readed Orange pots aka

DO
Sooner or later it will happen to you. They start off
looking like little orange or yellow spots on your bars
of soap. They can start anywhere on your soap and
sometimes it's only one or two spots. The usual
culprit is humidity, rancid oil or your super fat
percentages were off. Sometimes it's all of them.
What most people want to know is how to prevent it

from happening to them. First thing to do is to make
your super fat percentage no more than five
percent. Make sure that you are using oils that have been properly stored
and are as fresh as possible.
Make sure that you always use distilled water. Don't think that just this
once tap water will be okay. It won't. If you are using oils such as Canola or
sunflower, reduce the amount you use. Last but not least, make sure your
soaps cure in a dry spot with no sunlight and that the area is cool.
The good news is, that if it happens to you, your soap is still perfectly fine
to use. It may not smell as good as you had hoped, but it's really nothing
more than an aesthetic problem.

88
÷ p oap I s Full Of Cracks

It's possible that you used too much lye, or that your mixture set too fast.
It may also have been too thick when you poured it. It should pour like a
thick creamy mixture.
Make sure that you have kept it at room temperature and the next time
you use that recipe try using a little less lye.
S ow to A djust Ç our
Mecipes
The easiest way to make adjustments to your recipes is to take your
weights and turn them into percentages. Next you would multiply them
according to the total amount that you will make.
Many people use a metric system while others use a USA measurement
system. Using percentages takes all the guess work out of recipes. Always
make sure that you put your recipe through a reliable lye calculator, in
order to get the correct amounts of lye and water. It will also help if you
are considering super fatting or discounting water.

89
hould I ÷ ake a L arge or

mall B atch
If you are using a new recipe, always start with a test batch. You will save
yourself a lot of time and money if you do it this way.
If it does not turn out right you will be able to easily detect where thing
may have gone wrong and what adjustments you might want to try.
If you are considering adding things to your batch, this is a good way to try
them out and make any adjustments you feel it might need. You must be
very careful when adding things such as colors, fragrances and essential
oils.
If you add too many things you can easily end up with a ruined batch. Test
batches will help you to experiment and know what to change.
Less is more when you are adding thing to your mixture. You can always
add more ingredients but you can never remove them. When you have a
batch that turns out perfectly then you're ready to move on to your large
batch.

90
Tips and Tricks for oap

÷ aking
I like to use stainless steel or enamel pots for my soap making. Be sure to
have at least three separate pots. You most likely already have them in
your kitchen cupboards.
Always, always weigh your ingredients. Do not rely on volumes. Weighing

will give you much more accuracy.
Tare your measuring instruments. In other words, subtract the weight of

your containers from the weight of your liquids.
If you are going to use a new recipe, save yourself some heartache and
make a small test batch first. You can cut your losses by doing this and
save yourself a lot of time and trouble.
With any new recipe, make sure you follow it exactly. You can always play
with the recipe later on, when you are sure of it and know what you are
doing.
Be careful using individual molds. If your soap starts to harden too quickly
you'll be in trouble. Always have a backup plan. Have a loaf mold ready just
in case you need to pour your soap more quickly than you thought.

91
When adding your lye/water mixture to the fats/oil mixture, do it as slowly

as possible. If you do it too quickly, it will likely burn your mixture and
cause everything to be wasted. I've seen it take up to 20 minutes to add
lye/water.
Keep a spray bottle of vinegar close by in case you need to quickly

neutralize a spill.
When working with lye, always wear eye protection, long sleeves and
gloves. For the few minutes it takes to put them on, you can avoid a an
number of serious problems.
Freeze your goat's milk if you are going to be using a recipe with this in it.
Put the milk into ice cube trays and save them until you're ready to use
them. This will help when you are adding lye to your mixture. It will help to
prevent scalding.
When you first start to cure your soap give wrap them in insulation. Wrap
them up in towels and blankets and put them in an ice chest that's not
being used.
To figure out how much soap you will need for a mold, simply fill the mold
with water and then into a measuring cup and you'll have the exact
amount.

92
When adding additives to your soap, let it cook and slightly thicken. While
stirring, add the ingredients to keep them suspended.
Don't add too many herbs to your soap or it will become abrasive. If you
are adding petals from a flower to your soap, make sure to check it after a
week, to make sure they have not turned a brownish color or rotted. Any
that do should be avoided in the future.
You can use rubbing alcohol on your soap, after you have put it in a mold,
in order to remove any bubbles from the surface.
Do not over stir your soap. It can cause an excess of bubbles. Always stir in
one circular motion, in one direction a couple of times.
Make sure that your soap has cooled enough before putting it in plastic
molds in order to avoid warping.
Never use a mold that is made of tin, china, zinc, aluminum or untempered
glass.
If your soap does not easily pop out of the mold, simply put it in the
freezer for ten minutes and then try again. The freezer should cause the
soap to contract enough so that it will easily pop out.

93
Don't use food coloring to color your soaps. It can come out on a wash
cloth or your skin.
Always add your scents to your soap when it is less than 130 degrees F. If
the soap is too hot your scent will burn off.
If you want to make soap-on-a-rope, simply make a U-shape of the rope

and let the ends go into the mold before you pour your soap around them.
Create layered colors by pouring in the first color then waiting for it to
harden. Then add the next layer. The layers will bond together. Help this
along by taking a fork and gently scraping it across each layer before
pouring the next color.
Swirls in your soap can be achieved very easily. Divide your batch into two.
Use different colors. Pour in the main color in your mold. Take your second
color (usually a small amount) and drizzle it into your main color. Gently
mix the second color into your soap, using a stir stick or spoon, swirling
while you go. Make sure to do this at light or medium trace.

94
Meci
Cho
pescolate A lmond S ea%en
16 ounces of palm oil
14 ounces of coconut oil
6 ounces of cocoa butter
32 ounces of cold water
12 ounces of lye
crystals
At Trace Add:
1 ounce of bitter almond

fragrance oil
2-3 teaspoons of cocoa powder that has been blended into 1/4 of your soap
at trace. (You have already poured 3/4 of your mixture into a mold).
Temperature should be about 95-100 degrees Fahrenheit.
Now add the bitter almond oil at early trace and pour 3/4 of your mixture
into their molds. Mix cocoa powder quickly into your remaining soap with a
stick blender. Drizzle on top of white soap in a back & forth motion. Use a
butter knife slowly run it back & forth to gently swirl the colors together.
You can blend your powder with some of the soap before mixing it into the
rest.

95
Almonds Peaches ummer

oapounces of soybean oil
32
8.5 ounces of almond oil
12 ounces of lye
crystals
Temperature should be about 90-110 degrees
At light trace you should add:
2 ounces of peach deluxe fragrance oil

1 teaspoon bitter almond fragrance oil
1 Teaspoon paprika – for some color
The soybean oil in this recipe offers emollient qualities and will help to
produce a good lather.

96
First Veggie uds

oap Mecipe
20 ounces soybean or Canola oil (Maybe blended?)
12 ounces of lye crystals
Temperatures should be approximately 110 degrees. This veggie soap will

make a silky lather and a hard bar.
econd Veggie uds oap ith

Coconut
24 ounces of soybean oil
Temperatures should be
approximately 110
degrees

97
Third Veggie
uds
24 oap
ounces of coconut oil
12 ounces of lye
crystals
24 - 28 ounces of cold
water
Temperatures should be
approximately 110
degrees.

98
The L uxurp Castile

oap
78 Bofar
ounces olive oil
Oils should be heated to 140 degrees and the lye solution should cool to
110 degrees.
When it comes to vegetable soaps this is one of my favorites.
The soap will come out very smooth and hard. There should be no oil
seepage, or any stickiness to the soap.
If using a stick blender, it will set up very fast after trace, so it is

recommended to start pouring at the beginning of trace.
It will produce a very hard bar and will later up nicely as well as being very
mild.
Wonderful soap for babies or people with delicate skin.

99
oft ilkp
÷pounds
3 ilk of vegetable
oap shortening
17 ounces of dark olive oil
18 ounces of safflower oil
6 cups of milk
12 ounces of pure sodium hydroxide aka lye
1 ounce of Borax
2 tablespoons of honey
1 ounce of any essential oil although this can be optional
3 trays of ice cubes
Melt your vegetable shortening in a pan, then add the olive oil and
safflower oil. Slowly raise the temperature until the shortening is
completely melted. Take careful not to over heat your oils.
Fill the kitchen sink with water, about ½ way and pour in the ice
cubes.
Put cold milk into a saucepan and place the saucepan into the water. This
will help to keep the milk cool. This is a necessity so that when the lye is
added it does not burn the milk.
Gently stir in your lye and keep stirring, while keeping your ice cube water
moving around. The lye will heat up the milk when you are stirring it.

100
Make sure you work in a well ventilated area to avoid fumes. It should take
at least 5 minutes to stir the lye into the milk.
If you do quicker you risk burning the milk. Make sure you are wearing
gloves and a long sleeved shirt in case some splashes on you.
Continue stirring for an additional three minutes. Remove your mixture

from the cold water. Put it to the side. Your mixture should look yellowish in
color. This is normal.
To your oil mixture add the honey and borax. It should still be warm, but
no more than approximately 115 degrees.
Next, slowly add the lye/milk mixture to the oil mixture while stirring
constantly until completely blended together. Then pour the mixture into a
blender until it is two thirds full. With the lid on, whip it for sixty seconds
each time. Pour into a clean pan. Repeat until everything is whipped.
Repeat the above a second time and then add your essential oils.
After doing this twice your mixture will be ready to put into molds. At this
point it will saponify and will be ready to be cut in approximately 24 hours.
This soap will never go rancid and in fact improves with time.

101
Fabulous Goat's
÷ ilk oap
11.3ith
oz. ofa Touch
Coconut Oil of
11.7 oz. of Palm Oil
L a%ender
15.5 oz. of Olive Oil
3.9 oz. of Almond Oil
6.1 oz. of Sodium Hydroxide (lye)
15.5 oz. of Whole Milk
2 1/3 Tablespoons of Essential Oil of Lavender

1 Tablespoon Almond Oil
After weighing your oils, combine them in a

saucepan, with the exception of, the almond oil and
the lavender oil.
Gradually heat them, until they are completely

melted and then let the temperature cool to about
110 degrees.
Put milk into saucepan. Fill your sink ½ full and add
ice cubes to the water. About 3 trays of cubes will be
enough. Put milk mixture in the saucepan in water.

102
Slowly and gradually add your lye to the milk. You should try to take at
least 20 minutes while doing this procedure.
Check the temperature of the milk regularly and make sure that you keep it
below 150, or it will burn your milk. When all the lye has been added, it's
time to let it cool to 110 degrees.
Next, combine the milk/lye mixture with the oils and make sure that you
stir the whole time. Stir your mixture until it starts to gel up. Drizzle some
of the mixture back into the pot and watch for trace to occur.
This could take anywhere from 45 minutes to an hour if you are hand
stirring. Using a stick blender will speed up the process. Simply stir for 45
seconds and then leave it for a minute and keep repeating until you reach
trace.
At this point you can add your oils as well as the extra almond oil.
When cool enough, pour the mixture into your molds and let it rest for
twenty four hours. It should then be ready to remove from the molds and
be ready to cut into bars.
Store in a cool area for 4-6 weeks, to allow the soap to cure.

103
Ç ogurt
S ounces
17 erbal oap
of Coconut Oil
25 ounces of Olive Oil
25 ounces of Palm Oil
9 ounces of Palm Kernel Oil
1 ounces of Stearic Acid
13 ounces of Lye
10 ounces of Water
20 ounces of Whole Milk Yogurt
9 ounces of Shea Butter
4 ounces of Castor Oil
4 ounces of Avocado Oil
2 ounces of Kukui Nut
Oil
3Tablespoons of Lavender Flowers
2 Tablespoons of Marshmallow Root
Combine your lye and water, then set aside to cool. In a pan, melt your
coconut oil, olive oil, palm oil and palm kernel oil.
Microwave your yogurt in a glass bowl for about one minute, or until it
reaches 85 degrees Fahrenheit.

104
Combine your lye mixture with your oils, when both mixtures are at 90
degrees Fahrenheit.
Because of the small amount of liquid, your oils will saponify fast, so your
yogurt needs to be ready for quick use.
Once the oils and lye are mixed IMMEDIATELY add yogurt.
Again using the microwave, combine the avocado, Castor, kukui and Shea
butter, with herbs, until the mixture is approx. 85 degrees Fahrenheit and is
showing signs of light trace.
Let cool slightly and then pour into your molds.

105
S onep B ee
udsp oap
Honey bee sudsy soap is a wonderful soap that turns out a dark brown
color and smells really sweet.
12 ounces of vegetable shortening

4 ounces of your favorite coconut oil
1 ounce of bees wax
1 cup water – be sure to use distilled
2 ounces of lye
1/8 cup of honey = 1 fluid ounce
Mix into the distilled water. Put it to the side in a safe place to cool. Next
melt your vegetable shortening. Using a double boiler, melt your bees wax
and coconut oil and keep it warm.
Heat the shortening to 120 degrees F. and lye mixture to 100 degrees F.
Then pour your lye mixture into the vegetable shortening mixture and stir
continuously until trace appears
Put oil and bees wax mixture into your soap mixture and stir continually.
The bees wax will make it thick. When well mixed stir in honey. Pour into
molds, cover with saran wrap and let stand covered for 48 hours. Remove
from mold and cut. Age for 3 weeks in open air. Tip: Spray measuring cup
and spoons with Pam for easy pouring and cleanup.

106
D eluxe Oli%e Oil

Castile
1 quart of the bestoap
olive oil you can find
1 quart of water distilled
3/4 cup of additional water. (This will be used to distill the lye)
6 Ounces of lye
In a large glass or ceramic bowl mix the olive oil and the
water.
In a separate glass or ceramic bowl combine your lye with the 3/4 cup of
cold water
Add your lye solution to your water and olive oil mixture, stirring it in very
slowly. Be sure that you use a wooden spoon and always stir in the same
direction. Keep stirring until the mixture thickens and reaches trace.
Once it reaches trace, pour it into your favorite mold and allow it to sit at
least 24 hours. Remove from mold and cut.
Wrap in parchment paper and allow it to cure for a minimum of two

weeks.
It should then be ready for use. You can substitute coconut oil for part of
the oil. I'd recommend no more than 20%. It will make the bars harder and
more durable.

107
Cinnamon I n ÷ p
Coffee
32 oap
oz. of vegetable shortening
11 oz. of cold coffee
4.1 oz. of lye
3 oz. of ground coffee
2 tbs. of ground cinnamon
2 tbs of cinnamon essential oil
0.5 oz. of clove bud essential
oil
Note: These measurements are weight and not fluid. Oils and water need
to be measured on a scale.
Using 11 ounces of distilled water, brew the coffee with coffee grounds. Put
in fridge to cool. Save coffee grounds for use at trace. Put cold coffee into
glass bowl. Slowly and carefully add lye to coffee. Gently stir mixture until
completely dissolved. The mixture will warm due to the lye. Set mixture to
side.
Heat vegetable shortening to 110 degrees F. When lye mixture cools to 110
degrees F. and oil mixture to 110 degrees F., mix the two together. With a
stick blender it will take 15-20 minutes to reach trace. After trace, add
coffee grounds, cinnamon essential oil and clove bud oil. Stir until mixed.
Pour into molds and leave for 48 hours. Remove & cut. Cure 4-5 weeks.

108
B anana Cream
moothie
48 oap
oz. of vegetable shortening
9 oz. of olive oil
8 oz. of Canola oil
0.5 gallon of cold milk
9 oz. of lye
0.5 pint of whipping cream
2 oz. of banana fragrance oil
1 fresh banana
2 tsp of citric acid
3 tbsp of granulated sugar
Mix all the oils together and melt over a very low heat. Once your
shortening has melted, remove and set off to the side.
Mix together the cream, extract, citric acid and the banana. Put these into
a blender and mix until smooth. Pour into a separate bowl and set aside.
Fill your sink half full and put 3 ice cube trays of ice into the water. Set the
container of milk into the ice water. Add sugar and mix until it is completely
dissolved.
Very slowly add your lye to the mixture and stir continuously. This could
take up to 15 minutes. The milk will turn a yellow color. This is normal.

109
When the two containers of milk/lye mixture and the oil mixture are warm,
pour the lye into the oils very slowly while stirring at the same time.
Put your soap mixture into the blender until half full and blend at low speed
for about one to two minutes.
Fill the blender half full of soap mixture and blend on low speed for one
minute. Your mixture will then look a rich cream color.
Empty the contents into a large container and repeat these instructions
until all of the soap mixture has been blended at least once.
With a clean container do the entire blending process one more time and
add a few teaspoons of the banana mixture to the soap mixture.
Keep repeating until the soap mixture has gone through the blending
process again. Any excess banana mix can simply be stirred into the soap
while making sure it is evenly distributed.
Pour your soap into molds and let sit for 24 hours. Then remove from
molds and cut. Cure for 4-5 weeks.

110
÷ aking oap in a Crock P ot

When making a "Hot Process Soap Recipes" one of the easiest pieces of
equipment one can use is a crock pot. It is fast becoming the most popular
way to make soap at home as well as one of the easiest.
Make sure you are using a good soap recipe. I often try to use ones that
have a higher than normal amount of liquid oils in relation to solids.
Your crock pot should be about a 6 1/2 quart capacity. Any recipe that will
yield a 4 pound batch of soap should be fine in a crock pot this size. It
should fill the crock pot about half way, which then gives you space in case
the mixture bubbles up. There is also little chance it will burn the recipe.
Crock pots can be used for any kind of soap making. Liquid soap is easy to
make in a crock pot, as well as hot process and cold process soap. Glycerin
or melt and pour soaps are another favorite for crock pots. Below you will
find some of my favorite crock pot soap recipes.

111
Oatmeal Cookie
oap
A ounces
36 lmost Go
of olive oilod
E4ounces
4
ounces of Castor oil
nough TooilE at
of coconut
6 ounces of sunflower oil
2 ounces of cocoa
butter
6.67 ounces of lye
10.00 ounces of
buttermilk (Freeze into 1
ounce cubes)
6.72 ounces of distilled
water
½ cup of finely ground up

oatmeal
½ cup of real pure honey
½ teaspoon of cinnamon
essential oil
½ teaspoon of clove bud oil
2 teaspoons of vanilla extract
Your oven should be

preheated to 200 degrees F.
Note: The oils, lye, buttermilk & water are measured by weight. Using a 5
quart crock pot, put all oils into it and turn the heat to low. Take the
buttermilk cubes Soap
copyright(c)2009 and combine with Easy
Making Made distilled water in a medium sized bowl.
112
Fill you sink half full and add three trays of ice cubes to the water.
Pouring very slowly and continually stirring add the lye mixture to the
buttermilk/distilled water mixture. The slower you pour the less chance of
burning the mixture. The ice water in the sink will help to keep the mixture
cool while pouring the lye.
When the oils are completely melted, slowly add the lye solution. Stir
continuously until you have reached trace. At this point put your crock pot
into the oven and turn the oven off. Every ten minutes check the mixture
and stir it slowly. If the mixture is cooling too quickly reheat the oven for 5
minutes and then turn it off again. Don't be surprised if you have to do this
a couple of times.
In approximately 45 minutes to one hour you mixture should be completely

saponified. You can test it with your tongue. If it stings it's not ready and if
it tastes soapy it is ready.
You are now ready to add the oatmeal and honey to the mixture and then
follow with the extract and essential oils. Make sure to mix well. Pour the
soap into molds and bang or drop them on the counter top to rid the soap
of bubbles. Press wax paper into the top of the soap and attempt to smooth
out the top. In 24 hours your soap will be done. Removed and slice.

113
ha%ing oap _
E speciallp For ÷ en
Ingredients:
20 ounces of palm kernel oil
30 ounces of buttermilk
11 ounces of lye
3 heaping Tablespoons
of bentonite clay
Instructions:
Heat oils to 100 degrees Fahrenheit
Partially freeze the buttermilk
Slowly add the lye to milk, making sure it does not go over 100
degrees Fahrenheit
Combine.
At trace add:
3.5 ounces of lavender essential oil
3 Tablespoons of Castor oil
2 Tablespoons of sweet almond oil

114
Crock P ot oap
For = ids
S erbal oap for Grandma
This is a great soap that you and your children can make. They will make
great gifts for anyone who likes to work in the garden or loves the smell of
herbal soaps.
Things You'll Need
Go to your local health food store and choose some herbs, such as lavender
or mint.
Pam cooking oil spray

Scented oils
A dipper
Wooden spoon
Soap that has
a glycerin
base
A cheese grater or kitchen grater
Crockpot

115
To begin:
Using your grater, grate your soap and put it into your crock pot. On a low
heat, melt the soap. It should take about twenty minutes to melt. Make
sure you do not stir it.
When completely melted let the kids add a few drops of a scented oil, that
they have chosen, into the mixture of melted soap.
Then let them add some of the herbs to give it some texture. It will add
fragrance that comes from some of the herbs as well as giving it some
color to the soap.
Before adding the soap to the molds, spray them with Pam cooking oil for
easy removal. They are now ready to be poured into the soap molds.
To make the soap even more decorative have them add a sprig of a flower
to the middle of the soap before it sets.
Put the molds into your fridge so that they will set quickly.
Your children will be thrilled with their soap and will feel pride when giving
it away.

116
÷ icrowa%e
oap soap
Making For
with= ids
your children is fun and a great bonding experience. In
fact, you can make it even more fun by inviting over other mothers with
their children and making a day of it.
You get to be around other adults and your children get to learn soap
making and how much fun and pride they can take in having the finished
product. Learning that they can use them as presents for Grannie or
Grandpa, is just an added bonus.
Let's Get Started
Take your base and measure it.
Using a large knife (adult supervision) cut your soap into chunks.
Put your Pyrex container on your scales and zero out the scale.
Now put in the chunks of soap into the Pyrex container and measure the
amount that your molds will hold.
It will take about 1 pound of base to fill 4 of your 4-ounce bars. 4 different
containers that hold 4 ounces of soap.

117
Melt your base in your microwave.
Cover your Pyrex container loosely with saran wrap to prevent moisture
from escaping.
Now place your container in the microwave and heat your base on high for
30 seconds.
Take the container out of your microwave and stir the mixture with a
spoon.
Put saran wrap back on and heat for another 25 seconds and keep
repeating this until all the chunks are melted.
It should only take 2-3 minutes before all the chunks are melted. Use
caution as the soap will be near 150 degrees F.
Add your fragrances if you are using any. Use a ramekin on the scale to
measure the amount of your fragrance oil. Remember zero out the scale.
Start with 1/4 or 1/3 ounces of fragrance oil for every pound of soap. Some
scents may be stronger than others.
Using a whisk, slowly stir to mix in the fragrance. Add fragrance in small
amounts, until you have the desired scent.

118
Keep in mind that some people are allergic to fragrances and you may want
to consider natural essential oils.
Now it's time to add some color. Add drops of dye (not food coloring) and
slowly stir. Keep adding color until you get the desired strength.
Now carefully pour your soap into your molds, very slowly, in order to
prevent bubbles from forming. If you do get bubbles, use a spray of
rubbing alcohol. It should remove the bubbles on the top of your soap.
Remember to leave room for expansion.
Let your soap cool. This can take several hours, or about one hour if you
put the molds into the refrigerator, not the freezer.
Remove the soap from the molds. They should pop out easily from the
mold. If they do not then simply tap the molds gently with a spoon.
If the soap is still stuck, turn the mold upside down and put a hot wash
cloth over it and try again.
Gently rub out any imperfections with a soft cloth, or you can trim the soap
with the small knife, or use a cookie cutter.

119
oap Mecipes for Pets

If you have a dog with sensitive skin this is a great soap for them. Emu oil
is great for skin allergies and many pets these days have sensitive skin.
Especially smaller pets.
Any recipe that has a moisturizing base will work. I prefer an olive oil base
soap. A basic recipe will do just fine.
Add the follow ingredients for each 4 ounce bar the soap recipe will make.
15 percent Emu Oil

10 drops of Essential Tea Tree Oil
10 drops of Essential Lavender Oil
5 drops of Essential Aloe Vera Oil
The emu oil can penetrate three layers of skin and works in tandem with
the other items to penetrate your pet's skin.
Tea tree oil is great for bacteria on the skin, and you will find, that the aloe
vera and lavender will help to heal and sooth irritated skin.
This is a great soap for any dog that has skin issues.

120
mellp
D oggpyou will
Ingredients oap need:
7 ounces of water
3.3 ounces of full fat buttermilk
4.2 ounces of lye
8 ounces of soybean oil
2 ounces of neem oil
1 ounce of emu oil
2 Tablespoons of neem
powder
2 Tablespoons of
powdered rosemary
.5 ounces of rosemary
essential oil
Instructions:
This recipe will make

approximately two
pounds of soap.
My dogs love to roll in the grossest things they can find, not to mention
being out in the rain and coming into the house, with the worst doggy
smells you can imagine. This is also a great soap if you pet suffers from
dermatitis.
121
Combine the lye with the water (always lye into water) and set aside in a
safe area to cool. Once cooled add the buttermilk.
Set aside 1 oz. of the neem oil and emu oil.
Melt the solid oils in your microwave, then add them to your crock pot,
along with the liquid oils.
Next add the lye/water/milk mixture and proceed as usual.
Just before you are ready to pour, combine together the neem, rosemary
powders and emu oils. Then add them to your soap mixture.
When ready, simply mix and pour.

122
The Fruitp
D oggp
Use this great citrus soap to help remove all the doggy odors that come
with owning a pet. You'll never have doggy odors in the house with this
soap.
Ingredients
74 oz. of Olive Oil

14 oz. of Coconut Oil
24 oz. of Cold Distilled Water
12 oz. of Lye
0.5 oz. of Sweet Orange
Essential Oil
0.5 oz. of Eucalyptus
Essential Oil
0.5 oz. of Citronella Essential Oil
1 TBLS. of Ground Orange Peel
Instructions:
Assemble all your ingredients and measure them. All of the above
measurements are by weight. These are not liquid measurements.
The oils, as well as the water, should be measured using a scale that is
accurate to 0.2 ounces.

123
Mix the olive and coconut oils in a large stainless steel pan then set aside.
Shred the fresh orange peel to the desired consistency.
Mix the citronella, eucalyptus and sweet orange essential oils, with the
ground orange peels. Set this aside.
Now put the water into a glass bowl.
Slowly add the lye to the water, stirring slowly as you mix, until the lye has
completely dissolved. The mixture will warm and may even become very
hot.
When done, set aside with a thermometer in it to monitor the temperature.
As the above mixture cools, begin to heat your oils. The oils should be
heated to 95 degrees F. and kept there until your lye mixture hits 95
degrees F.
When the two mixtures are at 95 degrees F. you can then start to combine
the two.
Continue to stir the mixtures together until you reach trace.

124
Stirring by hand will take about 30 to 50 minutes to reach trace. Using a

stick blender will take less than 15 minutes to reach trace.
When the mixture reaches trace, add your orange peel and fragrance oil
mixture.
Continue to stir for a few more minutes to blend the added ingredients and
then pour into your soap molds.
Cover the molds and leave covered for approximately 48 hours. They
should then be ready to remove and cut.

125
S ome B usiness
tarting a oap ÷ aking
B usiness
Although I will only touch on this briefly, it's interesting to note, that with
the economic times we live in many people are discovering that their
hobbies can be turned into profitable businesses.
Soap making is one of these and also one that is very popular and
profitable. More and more people are turning to natural products and soap
making fits perfectly into this category.
In recent years demand for quality natural products has soared and there
seems to be no end in sight. Anyone who has been making their own soap
at home, probably knows full well how much they are enjoyed when given
as a gift to friends and family. They often have friends and family coming
back and asking for more, and are willing to pay for it.
What most hobbyist don't realize is that this is becoming a huge growth
industry with huge potential for the future.

126
Soap making has no real barriers or hoops that you have to jump through,
in order to start your business. Start up costs are minimal and in the
beginning it's quite easy to turn your profits back into the business as it
starts to grow.
If you really want to do it on a large scale you can expect to see profits of
$35k plus a year. As you grow your business, it's easy to turn the hard
labor over to employees, while you work at growing the business.
If you are the creative type you will derive much satisfaction as you
experiment with new recipes and different molds.
Growing the business is quite easy. You start locally and sell your soaps at
craft events, local gift shops and even health stores.
Advertise in your local and surrounding area newspapers. Church bazaars

are also a good way to get your name and product out there.
From there all you need to do is use your imagination and you will be
selling specialty soaps to local B and B's, motels and even hotels will be
interested. Gift stores in hospitals are another area where they will sell
well.

127
Business that do gift baskets for special events and holiday seasons are
alway looking for something unique to add to their baskets.
Marketing hand made soaps is easy with brochures where your focus on
the positives of handmade soaps. Discuss how your soaps have a superior
quality to them compared to store bought soaps. Concentrate on the
natural benefits of your soap. Talk about how commercial soaps have many
unhealthy ingredients, that are not good for a person's skin.
A big plus can be the benefit of a soap that has no scent to it. Men love this
kind of soap. Make sure you give your soaps unique names. It will help to
sell them and help people to remember them as well as you.
Make sure to list some of your best sellers on your business cards. People
will keep then and remember to call you for more.
The adventurous usually develop a website, where they can sell their
soaps, and even move into the area of Ebay and Ebay stores, as another
revenue stream.
Hair salons and local spas are another area where your products will be
welcomed. Always try to get them to give your business card to their
customers and you will soon have people calling you asking for specialized
orders.

128
One of the first things that will help you on the road to success, is finding
someone who can make specialized molds for you. You will use these not
only in your own products but you will be able to offer them to companies.
If you have a mold maker, then company logos on soaps will be a specialty
that people will only be able to get from you.
Your marketing plan should be made up of ways to make you and your
soaps as specialized as possible.
Always make sure your product comes with your business card, so that
people can easily reach you and avoid the middle man. It's a savings for
them and it costs you nothing.
Always maintain a customer mailing list and use it as a way to update your
customers on any new products you have, and to promote unique
customized orders.
When you have the time, work on developing your own special recipes to
make your product even more unique. Being able to sell something that no
one else can offer is one of the best promotions for your business.

129
You can also start to branch out into other areas, such as home made
shampoos, lip balms and lotions for dry skin or sensitive skin.
Do not expand your business too quickly. Stick to what works and when the
money is steady then it's time to start looking in other directions.
As your business starts to grow it's time to look into insuring your business
and possibly moving into your own building and taking it out of the home.
Turning a home hobby into a business is a great way to ride out the current
economic times and even have a great part time business for the future.

130
Glossarp of
Terminologp
Common oap ÷ aking Terminologp
Abrasives - These are substances that you add to soap that help to scrub
away dead skin or exfoliate. Oatmeal, sea salt and finely ground almonds
may be used.
Absolute - An aromatic alcohol soluble base.
Additives - These are things that are added to the soap for different
effects such as adding extra oil for super fatting soap, adding color or
essential oils.
Anhydrous - This is a compound or liquid that has no water

properties.
Antioxidants - Normally used to help stop deterioration of your soap so

that it has a longer shelf life.
Antiseptics - These help stop the growth of bacteria in your soap.

131
Aromatherapy - See Essential Oil section for more information. These are
used in many ways to impact people emotionally or to give them a feeling
of well being.
Aromatic - This is the taste or the smell of the finished soap or the art of
giving it a fragrant smell. Often referred to when using perfumes in a soap.
Astringent - Used in soaps for unclogging pores, helps to cleanse the skin
and clean excessive oils from the skin tissue.
Beeswax - Wax from a honeycomb. Often used in soaps and lip balms.
Blenders - Can be a term referring to the blending of oils, such as

blending a citrus oil with peppermint oil. Can also be referring to a stick
blender used in mixing your soap.
Borax - Sodium borate is a white crystalline mineral often used as a

cleanser.
Castile - Regional area of Spain that produces olive oil for soaps, also pure
olive oil soaps are often referred to as Castile soap.
Cocoa Butter - coming from the cocoa bean it is rich in un-saponifiables

and has a chocolate scent.

132
Coconut Oil - This is a fat that is semi-solid and retrieved from the meat
of coconuts. Helps to add lather and hardness to soap recipes.
Cold Pressed - The extraction of oils under mechanical pressure using low
temperatures. Normally less than 120 degrees Fahrenheit.
Cold Process - A method of making soap without having to use heat.
CPHP - Refers to Crock Pot Hot Process. This is a method that uses heat
from crock pots during the making of your soap.
Detergent - This is a cleaner used in place of natural fats. Often refers to

petroleum distillates.
DHHP - Direct Heat Hot Process. Uses external heat during processing.
DOS - Dreaded Orange Spots. Dark orange spots turning to yellow can
occur on the surface of your cold processed soap. Most likely cause is un-
saponified oils turning rancid.
Emollients - These help to add moisture to the skin. Helps smooth out
wrinkles and helps protect the skin. Often used in glycerin based soaps.
Essential Oils - See section on essential oils for a complete overall

view.

133
Exfoliant - Abrasive material that is added to help remove dead skin.

Cinnamon and oatmeal are commonly used.
Fillers - These help to bulk up the soap, or can help to extend the shelf
life.
Fixatives - Helps to stabilize oils, as well as stopping them from

evaporating.
Formula - Usually expressed in percentages, it is a list of ingredients in a

fixed proportion.
Fragrance Oil - These are synthetic oils, which give you a natural scent,
but are not essential oils. If considering these scents, choose ones that are
not natural scents for best results.
Glycerin - A triatomic alcohol byproduct that is created during the process

of saponification.
Goat's Milk Soap - Cold processed soap that is made using fresh or
previously frozen goat's milk.
Hand milling - This is the act of grating soap, then adding water, while
adding other ingredients, in order to improve the quality of the soap.

134
Herbs - Plants that are commonly used in cooking, or for medicinal

purposes. Often used in soaps to add additional scents to the finished
product and also can be used for decoration.
Hot Process - A way to make soap using a heat source to help accelerate
the saponification process. Ovens, double boilers or crock pots are
commonly used.
Hydrating - Referred to in reference to skin, to help restore natural

balance to skin tone and conditioning.
Infusion - Steeping botanicals in oil or water.
Irritant - Additives that may cause inflammation or irritation to the skin.

Additives should be chosen carefully in order to avoid unwanted skin
reactions.
Insoluble - Item that cannot be dissolved in a liquid.
KOH - Potassium Hydroxide
Lanolin - This is a wool fatty substance, obtained from wool and used in
soaps as a moisturizer.

135
Lard - This is a fat, either solid or semi-solid, that is rendered from a hog.
Layering - The act of pouring multiple layers of soap, often using various
colors.
Lye - Sodium hydroxide. Used in soap making.
Melt and Pour Soap - Melting of a base so that oils or fragrances can be
added and then poured into molds.
Melting Point - The point where a solid becomes liquid, at a defined

temperature.
NaOH - Sodium Hydroxide
Natural Soap - All ingredients are from natural sources. Normally free of
petroleum, chemicals or any artificial components.
OHP - Oven Hot Process. Soap making where you use an oven for applying
heat during the process.
Olive Oil - Extracted from fruit of olive tree.
Potassium Hydroxide - This is a caustic white solid, normally used in the

making of liquid soaps, or soaps that are soft.

136
Rebatching - Liquefying pre-made cold processed soap, while adding

essential oils. Also known as hand milling.
Refined - A way to remove impurities from a natural or crude base.
Refrigerant - An additive that helps to reduce inflammation, or one that

helps to relieve pains in the muscles. Menthol is often used in many
products as an additive.
Rendering - Heating lard to a liquid state in order to extract solids and

impurities.
SAP Value - Saponification value. This is the amount of potassium

hydroxide, in milligrams, that is necessary to saponify 1 gram of oil.
Saponification - This is the process that

turns your lye, scents, oils etc. into
amazing, therapeutically scented,
moisturizing bars of soap.
Seize - This is when your soap thickens

unevenly, or hardens during the soap
making process. Commonly caused by
adding synthetic fragrances to your
mixture.

137
Shea Butter - Often a base ingredient, or used as an emollient for

handmade soaps. Often has high content of un-saponifiables. Adds
moisturizing properties.
Sodium Bicarbonate - Commonly known as baking soda. Helps to soften

water.
Sodium Hydroxide - Alkaline compound, NaOH, used to make hard soaps

or bar soaps.
Soluble - Something that has been dissolved in a liquid.
Solvent Extraction - A process of separating oils from their base by

utilizing a liquid, in which the oil is soluble. Oil is then usually distilled,
while the solvent is evaporated,
leaving you with only an oil.
Spice - Aromatic scents, often harvested from seeds or fruits. Often used
in medicinal ways.
Stimulant - Something that produces a reaction in human tissue.

Peppermint can have an immediate reaction of well being.

138
Super fatted - Adding extra oil or butter, that will remain un-saponified, in
the finished soap. Any excess oil can add to the moisturizing properties of
the soap.
Tallow - Fat from an animal such as a cow or sheep.
Trace - The time when your mixture reaches a thickness that is noticeable
when the mixture is drizzled back into the mixture. It leaves a pattern
before dissolving back into the mixture. See picture in section on Reaching
Trace.
Un-saponifiables - Parts that do not show any reaction with sodium

hydroxide during the process of saponification and are left in their original
form. These help to add moisturizing properties to the soap.
Vegetable Shortening - Solid fat that comes from vegetable oils.
Volatile - Usually evaporates easily, such as an essential oil. Fixatives will

stabilize the oil to prevent this from happening.
Water Soluble - Something that can be dissolved in water.

139
Online uppliers For oap

÷ aking I tems
E ssential Oils
The Essential Oil ***** 5 Stars
Wide Variety of All Types of Oils

Minimum $50 order
International Shipping Is
Available
http://www.essentialoil.com/
Rainbow Meadow **** 4

Stars
Large Selection Of Essential Oils

Will Ship Internationally
http://www.rainbowmeadow.co
m/

140
Starrville Soap Supplies **** 4 stars
Nice selection of essential oils

Only ships to USA
http://www.tylerstarrville.co
m/
oap
÷ olds
Creekside Soaps ***** 5
Stars
Good selection of wooden molds in different sizes

Will Ship International
http://creeksidesoaps.com/
Soap Molds N' More **** 4 Stars
Carries and excellent selection of decorative molds

Does not Ship Internationally
http://www.soapmoldsnmore.com/

141
Glory Bee Foods **** 4 Stars
Good Selection of single molds.

Ships only to US and Canada
Check restrictions regarding
weight of orders
http://www.glorybeefoods.com
/
oap tamps
Soap Impressions ***** 5 Stars
Will do custom stamps, alphabet sets and has a variety of readymade

stamps.
Will Do Custom Orders
http://www.soapimpres
sions.com/

142
Milky Way Molds **** 4 Stars
Great selection of stamps.

Minimum order is $50
Ships worldwide
http://www.milkywaymold
s.com/CTGY/SS.html
Fragrances
Symphony Scents **** 4 Stars
This company ships to Canada, PR, AK, HI and the United States.
http://symphonyscents.com/
Oshun **** 4 Star
Good variety of fragrances

Minimum order of $100 Cdn.
Does not ship
internationally
http://www.oshun.ca/

143
Paw-Made Soap Company **** 4 Stars
Wide variety of fragrances

Does not ship internationally
No online shopping cart
http://www.pawmade.com/
Sweet Cakes ***** 5 Star
Excellent variety of fragrances

Will ship internationally
http://www.sweetcakes.com/
Bases
Suds And Scents ***** 5 Stars
Wide variety of bases
http://www.sudsandscents.com/

144
Ponte Verda Soap Shoppe ***** 5 Stars
Good selection of bases

Will ship
internationally
http://www.pvsoap.co
m/
Soap Crafters Soap Making Supplies ***** 5 Stars
Excellent variety of bases

http://www.soapcrafters.com/
oap ÷ aking
= its
Soap Making Supplies ***** 5 Stars
Good variety of kits

http://www.soapbasics.co.uk/

145
Cierra Soap Making Supplies ***** 5 Stars
Wide variety of soap making kits

http://www.cierracandles.com/Soa
p-Making-Kits-c175/

146

Soap Making Made Easy

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Soap Making Made Easy

A Beginners Guide To Making Soap

copyright(c)2009 Soap Making Made Easy

Choosing The Right Scale 26

copyright(c)2009 Soap Making Made Easy

Your Lye Solution

In-Depth Look at Lye Calculators and Specific Gravity 34

How to Make Bar Soap

The Basic Techniques 39

Basic Hot Process Soap Recipe For a Crockpot 49

Smooth and Soft, Oats and Honey Castile Soap 49

copyright(c)2009 Soap Making Made Easy

Using Essential Oils 53

Essential Oils – When and Why 55

Coloring Your Soap 63

The Mold Process 64

How to Cut and Trim Your Soap 65

Decorating Your Finished Product 66

How to Store Your Soap 67

Making Transparent Soap 68

Making Liquid Soap 74

copyright(c)2009 Soap Making Made Easy

Soap Making Mistakes

Making a Large Batch without Testing a New Recipe 77

Separation and Curdling 83

copyright(c)2009 Soap Making Made Easy

Chocolate Almond Heaven 95

Making Soap in a Crock Pot 111

Oatmeal Cookie Soap Almost Good Enough to Eat 112

Crock Pot Soap for Kids

Herbal Soap for Grandma 115

copyright(c)2009 Soap Making Made Easy

Microwave Soap for Kids 117

Soap Recipes for Pets 120

Smelly Doggy Soap 121

Starting a Soap Making Business 126

Common Soap Making Terminology 131

Online Suppliers for Soap Making Items

Essential Oils 140

copyright(c)2009 Soap Making Made Easy

The onderful orld of

One day, while attending a craft show, I found a delightful display of

copyright(c)2009 Soap Making Made Easy

copyright(c)2009 Soap Making Made Easy

copyright(c)2009 Soap Making Made Easy

Just as doctors are promoting a healthier lifestyle by choosing natural foods

As people begin to look toward natural products, as an

Health food stores often have these soaps, but there is

Beside being inexpensive, homemade soap is chemical free, made from

copyright(c)2009 Soap Making Made Easy

The melt and pour process of soap making is great

You add essential oils or fragrances to your mixture,

Cold process soaps involve using lye or sodium

copyright(c)2009 Soap Making Made Easy

copyright(c)2009 Soap Making Made Easy

If you are making glycerin soaps, you will start with

copyright(c)2009 Soap Making Made Easy

When it comes to a safe base for soap, glycerin is great.

copyright(c)2009 Soap Making Made Easy