Introduction To Agriculture in INDIA
Introduction To Agriculture in INDIA
Introduction To Agriculture in INDIA
ECONOMY ???
IS THE GREEN REVOLUTION A FAILURE ???
PREVENTIONS……..
INPUTS
PROCESSES
LABOR
PLOWING ….. rice
CAPATIAL
SOWING
SEEDS wheat pulses
ADDITION OF
FERTILIZERS
ANIMALS
SPRAYING OF
PESTICIDES
OIL Animal
produce
FERTILIZERS
PESTICIDES HARVESTING
Primitive Intensive
Subsistence Farming
TYPES
OF
FARMING
Animal
Plantation Extensive Husbandry
Agriculture Farming
Commercial Farming
Subsistence Farming
Subsistence agriculture occurs when farmers grow crops to meet the needs of themselves and
their families on smallholdings. Subsistence agriculturalists target farm output for survival and for
mostly local requirements, with little or no surplus
Primitive subsistence agriculture is practised on small patches of
land with the help of primitive tools like hoe, Dao and digging
sticks, and family/community labour.
In this type of farming, a patch of land is cleared and then set on fire.
This patch of land is used to sow seeds and grow crops.
This type of farming depends upon monsoon, natural fertility of the
soil and suitability of other environmental conditions to the crops
grown.
When the soil fertility decreases, the farmers shift and clear a fresh
patch of land for cultivation. land productivity in this type of
agriculture is low as the farmer does not use fertilizers or other
modern
inputs.
The main crops are starchy foods such as tapioca, cassava or cassava,
yams, corn or maize, millet, mountain rice, beans and bananas.
This form of “migratory agriculture" still supports most indigenous
tribes in the rainforest
JHUMMING
In India, this primitive form of cultivation is called ‘Bewar’ or ‘Dahiya’ in Madhya Pradesh,
‘Podu’ or ‘Penda’ in Andhra Pradesh, ‘Pama Dabi’ or ‘Koman’ or Bringa’ in Odisha, ‘Kumari’
in Western Ghats, ‘Valre’ or ‘Waltre’ in South-eastern Rajasthan, ‘Khil’ in the Himalayan belt,
‘Kuruwa’ in Jharkhand, and ‘Jhumming’ in the North-eastern region.
The practice of cutting down and burning the vegetation from an area of forest in order to
create farmable land.
The ash is used to fertilize the soil, which is then used for farming or cow grazing.
The region is left for several years after agriculture to allow it to regenerate, After that, the
farmers move on to another location and continue the procedure
Rice, corn (maize), millet, and wheat are among the chief crops grown by this method
Rinjha lived with her family in a small village on the outskirts of Diphu in Assam. She
enjoys watching her family members clearing, slashing and burning a patch of land for
cultivation. She often helps them in irrigating the fields with water running through a
bamboo canal from the nearby spring. She loves the surroundings and wants to stay here
as long as she can, but this little girl has no idea about the declining fertility of the soil and
her family’s search for fresh a patch of land in the next season.
1. Can you name the type of farming Rinjha’s family is engaged in?
2. Can you enlist some crops which are grown in such farming?
Intensive Subsistence Farming is practised in areas of high population pressure on land. It is labor-
intensive farming, where high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation are used for obtaining higher
production.
farmer cultivates a small plot of land using simple tools and more labour. many latest technology and tools are not
used. This means lots of manual inputs are given. In this type of farming, the farmer has a lot more control over what
goes on in their fields and what happens with their crops from start to finish
CHARACTERISTICS
I. A single crop is grown over a large area
II. A well-developed network of transportation and communication, connecting plantation
areas, processing industries and markets together
III.Production is mainly for the market and not for the farmers’ self-consumption
IV.Involves modern inputs like chemical fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides
V. Modern machinery is needed
VI.Labour-intensive
CROPPING
PATTERN
India has three cropping seasons — Rabi, Kharif and Zaid.
Advantages of Pastoral
Farming
Can be practised in dry regions
Less burden on ground-water
Animal manure is used as fertilizer
Disadvantages of Pastoral
Farming
Need to sell animals for food
Less finical insurance
Land erosion due to overgrazing
Pandemics can kill animals
Arable Farming
Arable farming only involves the cultivation of crops. It does not involve the rearing of animals.
A major purpose of arable farming is the cultivation of food crops to fulfil human needs. It can
be performed on small-scale, commercial, or on large agricultural farms.
This farming practice is mainly used to fulfil the rising
demand for food and a healthy lifestyle. It mainly involves
Advantages of Arable the cultivation of crops e.g., vegetables, grains, and
potatoes.
Farming
More cultivated land
Increased productivity
Increase product diversity
Disadvantages of Arable
Farming
Expensive mechanical cost
Depletion of soil fertility
High crop maintenance cost,
weed, and pest control.
Shifting Farming
Shifting agriculture involves the cultivation of crops on forest lands after clearing or
burning the forest in the tropics. Native people practice farming on forest land until the land
loses its fertility. It generally takes three to five years for the land to lose its fertility or
to grow overtaken by native flora. Once the land loses its fertility, farmers move to the next
forest and repeat the process in the coming years
Advantages of Shifting
Agriculture
No need to apply fertilizer
Best practice to regain fertility
Reduce pest infestation
Burning proves effective weed and
disease control
Disadvantages of Shifting
Agriculture
Low yield
Reduce forest area
Shift land, again and again, which
makes it tedious.
No land ownership
Crop
Rotation
Crop rotation is one of the types of agricultural practices that involves the rotation of
cultivational crops in the same land during different growing seasons. This practice assists the
soil in regaining its fertility and lost nutrients during an earlier crop harvest.