Communiable Non Communicable Module 5pptx

Communicable and Non-
communicable Disease
Communicable Diseases
 Definition
Caused by direct or indirect spread of pathogens
(bad germs) from a person or thing to another
Pathogens and Vectors Pathogens are
disease causing agents (bad germs)
 Vectors are disease-causing organisms that carry
pathogens from one host to another
 For example: Mosquitoes transmit malaria
 Ticks transmit Lyme disease
Common Types of Pathogens
 Bacteria
 Virus
 Fungi
 Protozoan
Bacteria (100 million will fit in a
grain of sand.)
 Most common of all pathogens.
 Most DO NOT cause disease.
 Reproduces through cell division.
 Examples: Strep throat , Lyme disease
Virus All viruses are considered
Parasites
 Smallest and simplest of micro-organisms. Can
only live on living cells It tricks human cells to
reproduce more viruses. Examples- chicken pox,
cold, flu, measles, rabies, HIV/AIDS
Where Diseases Enter The Body
 A break in skin (cuts)
 Genitals
 Mouth
 Eyes
 Nose
How diseases are spread
 Direct contact - touching infected area of person
 Indirect - sneezing, coughing, sharing personal
items
 Contact with vectors (animals and insects) – bites
 Other contact - eating contaminated food
Prevention for communicable
diseases
 Wash hands
 Cover mouth when sneezing or coughing
 Proper care of food, don’t share food
 Eat healthy and exercise to improve immune
system
 Shower daily
Non-communicable diseases
 Diseases that CANNOT be spread from one
person/thing to another
 Diseases that are not caused by pathogens (bad
germs)Can affect any system in the body
(circulatory, nervous, respiratory)Can be treated
but not usually cured
Common Non-Communicable
Diseases
 Cancer
 Cardiovascular disease
 Heart Attack
 Stroke
Types of Non Communicable Diseases
Type Causes/Risk Factors Examples
Diseases that are caused by hereditary
Present factors or that result from problems during  Sickle-cell
since birth a baby’s development or birth anemia
(Inherited)
Diseases to which unhealthful behavior  Many types of

Behavioral choices often contribute (i.e., eating high- heart disease
fat foods; being physically inactive; using  Most cases of
tobacco, alcohol, or other drugs; failing to lung cancer
manage stress properly)  Cirrhosis of the
liver
Types of Non Communicable Diseases
Type Causes/Risk Examples

Factors
Diseases that are caused by  Some types of allergies
Environmental exposure to specific substances  Lung cancer caused by
in the environment or to breathing in asbestos particles
environmental hazards, such as  Respiratory diseases caused by
pollution, toxic wastes, and breathing in certain substances
secondhand smoke in polluted air
Unknown Diseases whose causes are  Alzheimer’s disease

unknown  Rheumatoid arthritis
 Chronic fatigue syndrome
Preventing non-communicable
disease
 Have a balanced diet
 Get regular exercise
 Avoid tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs
 Regular check-ups can identify early warning
signs
Communicable Non-communicable
Diseases Diseases
•Also called infectious diseases. •Also called non-infectious diseases
•Can be treated but not usually cured
•Passed through direct/indirect contact •Not passed through direct/ indirect contact
•One living thing to another through •Non- infectious
environment •Non- transmissible
•Mode of transmission: Direct contact, Indirect • No mode of transmission

contact, Airborne transmission •Medical science has identified certain habits
and behaviors, that either increase or decreases
the risk of many of these diseases
•Prevention: Washing hands, handling food •Prevention: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary
properly, avoid sharing eating utensils, practice prevention depending upon disease
abstinence
•Cause : Pathogen i.e. viruses, bacteria, fungi •Cause: Genetic, Environmental , lifestyle
etc
Communicable Non-communicable
Diseases Diseases
•Examples: •Examples:
 Most common Respiratory diseases :  CVS diseases
1. Common cold  Risk factors:
2. Influenza 1. Tobacco use
3. Tuberculosis 2. High BP
 Hep A, B , C 3. High Cholesterol
 Measles 4. Stress
 Malaria 5. Excess weight
 STIS i.e. HIV/AIDS 6. Drug and Alcohol use
 Emerging diseases/ Infections: 7. Physical Inactivity
1. Monkey pox 8. Gender
2. SARS 9. Heredity
3. CORONA VIRUS 10. Age
 Cancer
 Diabetes

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Communicable and Non-

Diseases to which unhealthful behavior  Many types of

Type Causes/Risk Examples

Unknown Diseases whose causes are  Alzheimer’s disease

•Mode of transmission: Direct contact, Indirect • No mode of transmission

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