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    Human Health and Disease Study Material

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    Abhijith A

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Human Health and Disease Study Material

    Uploaded by

    Abhijith A
    1 views2 pages

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    1 views2 pages

    Human Health and Disease Study Material

    Uploaded by

    Abhijith A

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Human Health & Disease: Study

    Material
    Overview:
    Health: A state of physical, mental, and social well-being.
    Disease: A disorder of structure or function in a human, often leading to symptoms and
    signs.

    Types of Diseases:
    1. Infectious Diseases: Caused by pathogens (e.g., bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa).
    2. Non-Infectious Diseases: Caused by genetic or environmental factors (e.g., diabetes,
    cancer).

    Pathogens and Their Diseases:


    1. Bacteria: Tuberculosis, typhoid, cholera.
    2. Viruses: AIDS (HIV), common cold, dengue.
    3. Fungi: Ringworm.
    4. Protozoa: Malaria, amoebiasis.
    5. Helminths: Ascariasis, filariasis.

    Immunity:
    Innate Immunity: Present from birth, non-specific defense (e.g., skin, mucous membranes,
    phagocytes).
    Acquired Immunity: Specific defense acquired after infection/vaccination. Involves
    lymphocytes.

    Types of Acquired Immunity:


    Active Immunity: Long-lasting, acquired through exposure (natural or vaccination).
    Passive Immunity: Short-term, transferred from mother to child or by antibody injections.

    Cells of the Immune System:


    B lymphocytes: Produce antibodies.
    T lymphocytes: Help in cell-mediated immunity.
    Diseases of the Immune System:
    AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome):
    - Caused by HIV, which targets CD4 T cells.
    - Mode of transmission: sexual contact, blood transfusion, sharing needles.
    - Prevention: Safe sex practices, screening blood, avoiding needle sharing.

    Cancer: Uncontrolled cell growth leading to tumors. Causes include carcinogens, genetics,
    lifestyle. Treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation.

    Lifestyle Diseases:
    Diabetes: Due to insulin deficiency or resistance.
    Hypertension: High blood pressure, can lead to heart disease.
    Obesity: Leads to cardiovascular issues and diabetes.

    Drugs and Alcohol Abuse:


    Substance Abuse: Leads to addiction, liver damage (alcohol), lung disease (smoking), and
    cardiovascular diseases.
    Prevention: Awareness programs, counseling, family support.

    Vaccination & Immunization:


    Vaccines stimulate active immunity.
    Common vaccines: Polio, DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus), Hepatitis B.

    Previous Year Questions (PYQs):


     Explain the immune response in the human body. (3 marks)
     What is AIDS? How does HIV affect the immune system? (3 marks)
     What are carcinogens? How do they lead to cancer? (2 marks)
     Differentiate between active and passive immunity. (2 marks)
     Describe the life cycle of the malarial parasite in humans. (3 marks)

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