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    Respiration in Organism

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    opsharpedge
    This document discusses respiration in organisms. It describes two main types of respiration: aerobic respiration, which occurs in the presence of oxygen and involves glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain to break down glucose and produce ATP; and anaerobic respiration, which occurs without oxygen and involves partial breakdown of glucose to produce lactic acid, alcohol, or a small amount of ATP. It also discusses external respiration, which is the exchange of gases between an organism and its environment, and internal respiration within cells. Breathing and breathing rate are also covered.

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    Respiration in Organism

    Uploaded by

    opsharpedge
    10 views12 pages
    This document discusses respiration in organisms. It describes two main types of respiration: aerobic respiration, which occurs in the presence of oxygen and involves glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain to break down glucose and produce ATP; and anaerobic respiration, which occurs without oxygen and involves partial breakdown of glucose to produce lactic acid, alcohol, or a small amount of ATP. It also discusses external respiration, which is the exchange of gases between an organism and its environment, and internal respiration within cells. Breathing and breathing rate are also covered.

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    This document discusses respiration in organisms. It describes two main types of respiration: aerobic respiration, which occurs in the presence of oxygen and involves glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain to break down glucose and produce ATP; and anaerobic respiration, which occurs without oxygen and involves partial breakdown of glucose to produce lactic acid, alcohol, or a small amount of ATP. It also discusses external respiration, which is the exchange of gases between an organism and its environment, and internal respiration within cells. Breathing and breathing rate are also covered.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    10 views12 pages

    Respiration in Organism

    Uploaded by

    opsharpedge
    This document discusses respiration in organisms. It describes two main types of respiration: aerobic respiration, which occurs in the presence of oxygen and involves glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain to break down glucose and produce ATP; and anaerobic respiration, which occurs without oxygen and involves partial breakdown of glucose to produce lactic acid, alcohol, or a small amount of ATP. It also discusses external respiration, which is the exchange of gases between an organism and its environment, and internal respiration within cells. Breathing and breathing rate are also covered.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    Respiration in Organism

    BY: Rayan Alam


    Introduction
    ❯ Respiration is a vital biological process that occurs in living organisms,
    enabling them to extract energy from nutrients and sustain life. It is a
    complex series of chemical reactions that involve the breakdown of organic
    molecules, such as glucose, to release energy in a form that cells can use.
    Respiration can be broadly categorized into two main types: aerobic
    respiration and anaerobic respiration.
    (Covering concepts are aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration external and
    internal respiration and breathing and its rate)
    Aerobic Respiration
    ❯ Aerobic respiration is the most common and efficient form of respiration,
    occurring in the presence of oxygen. This process takes place in the
    mitochondria of eukaryotic cells and involves three main stages: glycolysis,
    the Krebs cycle (or citric acid cycle), and the electron transport chain.
    During these stages, glucose is gradually broken down, and the energy
    released is used to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary
    energy currency of cells. The overall chemical equation for aerobic
    respiration is:
    ❯ C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (as ATP)
    Anaerobic Respiration
    ❯ In the absence of oxygen, some organisms can undergo anaerobic respiration to
    generate energy. While less efficient than aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration
    allows organisms to survive in oxygen-deprived environments. The most common
    form of anaerobic respiration is lactic acid fermentation in animals and alcoholic
    fermentation in yeast and some bacteria. These processes involve the partial
    breakdown of glucose, producing lactic acid or alcohol and a small amount of ATP.
    ❯ Lactic Acid Fermentation:
    C6H12O6 → C3H6O3 + Energy (as ATP)
    ❯ Alcoholic Fermentation:
    C6H12O6 → C2H5OH + CO2 + Energy (as ATP)
    External and Internal Respiration
    ❯ External respiration and internal respiration are two distinct phases of the
    respiratory process that occur in living organisms, facilitating the exchange of
    gases, particularly oxygen and carbon dioxide.
    ❯ External Respiration:
    ❯ External respiration, also known as pulmonary respiration, refers to the exchange
    of gases between an organism and its external environment. In most animals, this
    process takes place in specialized respiratory organs, such as the lungs in
    mammals, gills in fish, or tracheal systems in insects. The primary goal of
    external respiration is to absorb oxygen from the surrounding environment and
    release carbon dioxide.
    Internal Respiration
    ❯ Internal Respiration:
    Internal respiration, also known as tissue respiration or cellular respiration,
    occurs within the cells of an organism. It involves the intracellular process of
    exchanging gases between the blood and the body's tissues. The oxygenated
    blood from the lungs, carrying oxygen bound to hemoglobin, is transported
    by the circulatory system to various tissues and organs.Within the cells,
    oxygen is released from the hemoglobin and used in cellular respiration to
    produce energy in the form of ATP.
    Breathing And Breathing Rate
    ❯ Breathing, or respiration, is the process by which organisms inhale oxygen
    and exhale carbon dioxide. It involves the exchange of gases between an
    organism and its environment, supporting the production of energy through
    cellular respiration.
    ❯ When Breathing rate slows down to the extent that we do not get sufficient
    oxygen,we feel sleepy or drowsy
    Key Points
    ❯ Breathing Mechanism: In most animals, breathing involves the movement of air into
    and out of the respiratory system. In humans, this is accomplished by the contraction
    and relaxation of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, leading to inhalation (air
    intake) and exhalation (air expulsion).
    1. Gas Exchange: During inhalation, oxygen is taken in from the air and diffuses into
    the bloodstream in the lungs. Simultaneously, carbon dioxide, a waste product of
    cellular metabolism, is released from the bloodstream into the air during exhalation.
    2. Breathing Rate (Respiratory Rate): The number of breaths taken per minute is
    known as the respiratory rate. It is influenced by factors such as physical activity,
    metabolic rate, and the body's need for oxygen. The respiratory rate typically
    increases during exercise or in response to increased oxygen demand.
    3. Normal breathing rate of an healthy adult is 16-18 times/min.Breathing rate may
    increase to 25 times/min during fast running or heavy exercise.
    Quiz !
    ❯ 1. What is the primary molecule that cells break down during aerobic
    respiration to extract energy?
    ❯ 2. What is the final electron acceptor in the Electron Transport Chain
    during aerobic respiration?
    ❯ 3.During inhalation, what happens to the diaphragm?
    ❯ 4.The number of breaths taken per minute is known as ?
    ❯ 5. In yeast and some bacteria, anaerobic respiration involves _________
    fermentation, where glucose is converted into _________ and carbon
    dioxide, producing alcohol as a byproduct.
    Continue :
    6. Which of the following is a byproduct of alcoholic fermentation in
    yeast and some bacteria?
    ❯ 7. The primary goal of external respiration is to absorb _________ from
    the surrounding environment and release _________ as a waste product.
    ❯ 8. During external respiration, where does the exchange of gases
    between inhaled air and the bloodstream primarily occur?
    ❯ 9.Within the cells, oxygen is released from the___________ and used
    in_________ respiration to produce energy in the form of ATP.
    Answer
    ❯ 1. Glucose (C6H12O6)
    ❯ 2. Oxygen (o2)
    ❯ 3. Contraction and Relaxation
    ❯ 4. Respiratory rate
    ❯ 5. Alcoholic fermentation, Ethanol
    ❯ 6. Ethanol
    ❯ 7. Oxygen,Carbon dioxide
    ❯ 8. Alveoli
    ❯ 9. Hmoglobine,cellular
    Thank you
    :)

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