Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 44 views

    Bioenergetics Handout

    Uploaded by

    Rhaven Gonzales
    Cellular respiration is a process that releases energy from sugars through oxidation. It occurs in three main stages: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis breaks down glucose in the cytoplasm, the citric acid cycle further breaks down these products in the mitochondria, and oxidative phosphorylation uses electron transport to generate large amounts of ATP. Aerobic respiration uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor to yield the most ATP, while anaerobic respiration uses other molecules. Fermentation also generates ATP without oxygen by regenerating NAD+.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Bioenergetics Handout

    Uploaded by

    Rhaven Gonzales
    44 views1 page
    Cellular respiration is a process that releases energy from sugars through oxidation. It occurs in three main stages: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis breaks down glucose in the cytoplasm, the citric acid cycle further breaks down these products in the mitochondria, and oxidative phosphorylation uses electron transport to generate large amounts of ATP. Aerobic respiration uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor to yield the most ATP, while anaerobic respiration uses other molecules. Fermentation also generates ATP without oxygen by regenerating NAD+.

    Original Title

    Bioenergetics-Handout

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Cellular respiration is a process that releases energy from sugars through oxidation. It occurs in three main stages: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis breaks down glucose in the cytoplasm, the citric acid cycle further breaks down these products in the mitochondria, and oxidative phosphorylation uses electron transport to generate large amounts of ATP. Aerobic respiration uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor to yield the most ATP, while anaerobic respiration uses other molecules. Fermentation also generates ATP without oxygen by regenerating NAD+.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    44 views1 page

    Bioenergetics Handout

    Uploaded by

    Rhaven Gonzales
    Cellular respiration is a process that releases energy from sugars through oxidation. It occurs in three main stages: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis breaks down glucose in the cytoplasm, the citric acid cycle further breaks down these products in the mitochondria, and oxidative phosphorylation uses electron transport to generate large amounts of ATP. Aerobic respiration uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor to yield the most ATP, while anaerobic respiration uses other molecules. Fermentation also generates ATP without oxygen by regenerating NAD+.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 1

    Bioenergetics is 

    the branch of biochemistry that focuses on how cells transform energy, often by producing, storing or Bioenergetics is the branch of biochemistry that focuses on how cells transform energy, often by producing, storing or
    consuming adenosine triphosphate (ATP). consuming adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

    CELLULAR RESPIRATION is a process of releasing energy stored in sugar in the presence of oxygen. Cellular CELLULAR RESPIRATION is a process of releasing energy stored in sugar in the presence of oxygen. Cellular
    respiration includes both aerobic and anaerobic but is often used to refer to aerobic respiration. respiration includes both aerobic and anaerobic but is often used to refer to aerobic respiration.
     AEROBIC RESPIRATION consumed organic molecules and O2 and yields ATP.  AEROBIC RESPIRATION consumed organic molecules and O2 and yields ATP.
     Anaerobic respiration is similar to aerobic respiration but consumes compounds other than O2.  Anaerobic respiration is similar to aerobic respiration but consumes compounds other than O2.

    EQUATION OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION EQUATION OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION

    NOTE: During cellular respiration, NOTE: During cellular respiration,


    the fuel (such as glucose (C6H12O6) is oxidized, and O2 is reduced. the fuel (such as glucose (C6H12O6) is oxidized, and O2 is reduced.
     Oxidation - loses electron  Oxidation - loses electron
     Reduction - gains electron  Reduction - gains electron
    THE STAGES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION THE STAGES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION
    Harvesting of energy from glucose has three stages: Harvesting of energy from glucose has three stages:

    1. Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate where small amounts of ATP are produced. This 4. Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate where small amounts of ATP are produced. This
    process occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.
    process occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.
    5. The Citric Acid Cycle or Krebs Cycle degrades pyruvate to carbon dioxide, water, ATP and reducing
    2. The Citric Acid Cycle or Krebs Cycle degrades pyruvate to carbon dioxide, water, ATP and reducing
    power in the form of NADH, H+. This stage happens in the matrix of the mitochondria.
    power in the form of NADH, H+. This stage happens in the matrix of the mitochondria.
    6. Oxidative Phosphorylation which includes electron transport chain and chemiosmosis generates high
    3. Oxidative Phosphorylation which includes electron transport chain and chemiosmosis generates high
    amount of ATP, because it is powered by redox reaction. This stage occurs in the inner membrane of the
    amount of ATP, because it is powered by redox reaction. This stage occurs in the inner membrane of the
    mitochondria.
    mitochondria.

    TYPES OF FERMENTATION
    TYPES OF FERMENTATION
     Fermentation consists of glycolysis plus reactions that regenerate NAD+, which can be reused by glycolysis.
     Fermentation consists of glycolysis plus reactions that regenerate NAD+, which can be reused by glycolysis.
    Two Common Types are:
    Two Common Types are:
    1. ALCOHOL FERMENTATION – pyruvate is converted to ethanol in two steps, with the first
    1. ALCOHOL FERMENTATION – pyruvate is converted to ethanol in two steps, with the first
    releasing CO2.
    releasing CO2.
     alcohol fermentation by yeast us used in brewing, winemaking, and baking.
     alcohol fermentation by yeast us used in brewing, winemaking, and baking.
    2. LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION – pyruvate is reduced to NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no
    2. LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION – pyruvate is reduced to NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no
    releasing of CO2.
    releasing of CO2.
     lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt.
     lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt.
     Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce.
     Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP when O2 is scarce.

    You might also like