TOPIC: Cell Processes

AIM: Explain the two types of respiration.

Do Now:
1. Take out your cell respiration reading
notes.
2. Label cell organelles in you cell
organelles notes.

HW: Chemistry Castle Learning?????

 Cell membrane

Cell wall

cytoplasm

vacuole
ER

nucleus
chloroplast

centrioles
mitochondria
1. Describe the process of cell
respiration.
• Glucose is broken down to make
ENERGY available for cellular
activity.
2. Identify the two types of
cellular respiration.

• Aerobic and anaerobic

respiration
3. Where does aerobic respiration
occur in a cell?
• Begins in the cytoplasm and ends
in the MITOCHONDRIA.
 EQUATION
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + 36ATP
Glucose Oxygen Carbon Water Energy
dioxide

Product

Raw materials Waste Products

4. Identify the raw materials used
by aerobic respiration.

• Glucose
• Oxygen
5. Identify the waste products
released by aerobic respiration.

• Water and carbon dioxide

6. Identify the number of ATP
produced as a result of aerobic
respiration.

• 36
7. Identify the major difference
between aerobic and anaerobic
respiration.
• Aerobic respiration USES OXYGEN
while anaerobic respiration DOES
NOT use oxygen.
8. Identify another name for
anaerobic respiration.
• FERMENTATION
9. Where does fermentation
occur in a cell?
• Cytoplasm
10. Identify the 2 types of
fermentation.
• Lactic acid fermentation
• Alcoholic fermentation
11. Identify the raw materials of
fermentation.
• Glucose
 EQUATION
C6H12O6  Lactic acid + 2ATP
Glucose Energy
Waste Product
Raw material
12. Identify the waste product
released as a result of lactic acid
fermentation.

• Lactic acid
13. Identify the number of ATP
produced as a result of lactic acid
fermentation.

•2ATP
14. Identify the types of cells that
lactic fermentation occurs.

•Muscle cells
•Bacteria
15. Describe the effect of lactic acid
fermentation in humans.

• Causes muscles to burn

• Muscle fatigue
• C6H12O6  lactic acid + 2ATP
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DGq94gpKEbg
16. Identify substances that can be
produced by lactic acid
fermentation in bacteria.
• Yogurt
• Sour cream
• Buttermilk
17. Identify the organism in which
alcoholic fermentation occurs.
• Yeast
 EQUATION
C6H12O6 Ethyl Alcohol + CO2 + 2ATP
Glucose Carbon Energy
dioxide

Raw material Waste Products

18. Identify substances that can be
produced as a result of alcoholic
fermentation.
• Carbon dioxide
• Ethyl alcohol (beer and wine)
19. Identify the number of ATP
produced as a result of alcoholic
fermentation.

•2ATP
Let’s review: Choose AEROBIC or ANAEROBIC or
BOTH for the statements below.
1. Produces 2ATP. ANAEROBIC
2. Utilizes oxygen. AEROBIC
3. Can occur in muscle cells when oxygen is not
present. ANAEROBIC
4. Release lactic acid as waste. ANAEROBIC
5. Produces 36 ATP. AEROBIC
6. Occurs in mitochondria. AEROBIC
7. Also known as fermentation. ANAEROBIC
8. Release CO2 and H2O as wastes. AEROBIC
9. Can cause muscle fatigue. ANAEROBIC
10. Occurs only in the cytoplasm. ANAEROBIC
11. Glucose is a raw material. BOTH
12. Can release alcohol as a waste. ANAEROBIC
13. Most efficient. AEROBIC
14. Can occur in yeast. ANAEROBIC
15. Can occur in bacteria. ANAEROBIC
16. Does not use oxygen. AEROBIC
17. Release energy used for all life processes. AEROBIC
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Oxygen Carbon
Glucose dioxide Water Energy

1. Identify the equation above. Support your answer.

Aerobic respiration – oxygen is used
1. Identify the location of this process within a cell.
mitochondria
Glucose
1. Identify the raw materials of this process. and oxygen
2. Identify the WASTE PRODUCTS of this process.
Carbon dioxide and water

1. Identify the product used to carry on life activities.

ATP
2. How many ATP are produced? 36
C6H12O6  lactic acid + ATP
1. Identify the equation above. Support your
answer. Anaerobic respiration – no oxygen is used
2. Identify the location of this process within a cell.
cytoplasm

1. Identify the raw materials of this process. glucose

2. Identify the WASTE PRODUCTS of this
process. Lactic acid
3. Identify the product used to carry on life
activities. ATP
4. How many ATP are produced as a result of this
process? 2
C6H12O6  lactic acid + ATP
7. Identify the cell in which this process occurs in
animals. Muscle cells
8. Identify the effect this process has in animals.
Muscle fatigue

9. Identify the unicellular organism in which this

process occurs. Bacteria
10. Identify the substances produced by the
unicellular organism. Yogurt, sour cream,
buttermilk
Animal and Plant Cells Venn Diagram Review
Directions: Fill in the differences and similarities between animal and plant
cells.

Animal Cells Plant Cells

Both
animal and plant
Centrioles cells No centrioles
Smaller vacuoles mitochondria Larger vacuoles
ribosomes
No chloroplasts Chloroplasts
ER nucleus
No cell wall Cell wall
cell membrane
Heterotrophic Autotrophic
cytoplasm
Lab: Characteristics of Life
•Work with your 6 o’clock partner.
•Determine the life process described by each
statement and fill in your answers in the spaces
provided.
•At each station, you will:
– Circle the characteristics you observe
– Determine the condition (alive, dead, dormant, a
product of a living thing, or never alive)
– Write a reason for your decision.
•You will continue the lab tomorrow. The entire lab
must be completed and handed in by the end of
the period tomorrow
 Aerobic Lactic Acid Alcoholic
Cellular Fermentation Fermentation
Respiration
Does it require NO
oxygen? YES NO
Raw materials C6H12O6 C6H12O6 C6H12O6
O6
Products CO2, H2O, Lactic acid Alcohol, CO2
ATP ATP ATP
Location
inside mitochondria cytoplasm cytoplasm
a cell
Amount of ATP
made in the cell 36 2 2
Types of cells muscle cells yeast
where it occurs
bacteria
Let’s summarize…
1. Explain why the process of respiration is so
important.
2. Explain the difference between the two types
of respiration.
3. What nutrient is used in both types of
respiration?
4. Which type of respiration is more efficient?
In the presence of oxygen, _____
molecules of ATP can be formed.
(1.)2
(2.) 19
(3.) 36
(4.) 63
Where do the final stages of aerobic
respiration appear to take place?
(1.) along the
endoplasmic reticulum
(2.) in the cytoplasm
(3.) on the surface of
ribosomes
(4.) within the mitochondria
During aerobic respiration, the chemical
energy of a glucose molecule is
gradually released, producing 36 ATP
and
(1.) NH3 and O2
(2.) NH3 and CO2
(3.) H2O and O2
(4.) H20 and CO2
Aerobic respiration and fermentation
are similar in that BOTH processes
(1.)
require oxygen
(2.) use light energy

(3.) release energy

(4.) produce glucose
The net yield of ATP from the
process of fermentation is
(1.) 2
(2.) 4
(3.) 34
(4.) 36
Which process yields lactic acid and
small amounts of usable energy?

(1.) photosynthesis
(2.) aerobic respiration

(3.) anaerobic respiration

(4.) chemosynthesis
Muscles cells engaged in vigorous
activity build up relatively high
concentrations of
(1.) lactic acid
(2.) pyruvic acid
(3.) alcohol
(4.) oxygen
Yeast cells undergoing anaerobic
respiration produce carbon dioxide
and
(1.) water
(2.) ethyl alcohol
(3.) nitrogen
(4.) glucose
These groups of cells represent different
(1) tissues in which similar cells function together
(2) organs that help to carry out a specific life activity
(3) systems that are responsible for a specific life activity
(4) organelles that carry out different functions.
Which structure permits the entry
and exit of materials in an animal
cell?
1. lysosome 2. chromosome

3. cell wall 4. cell membrane

Whitney observes a cell under the
microscope. She identifies it as a
green plant cell and not a cheek cell
because of a
(1.) nucleus
(2.) cell membrane
(3.) cell wall
(4.) mitochondrion
Which structure is found ONLY
in animal cells?
(1.) cell wall
(2.) vacuoles
(3.) centrioles
(4.) chloroplasts
The organelle most closely
associated with the manufacture
of proteins within the cell is the
(1.) ribosome
(2.) nucleolus
(3.) cell wall
(4.) cell membrane
The organelle that assists in the
transport of materials throught
the cell is known as
(1.) ribosome
(2.) nucleolus
(3.) endoplasmic reticulum
(4.) cell membrane
The organelle where the synthesis of
proteins occur is called the
(1.) nucleolus
(2.) ribosome
(3.) nucleus
(4.) endoplasmic reticulum
Organelles which store materials
within a cell are called
(1.) nuclei
(2.) ribosomes
(3.) centrioles
(4.) vacuoles
Autotrophic nutrition occurs in
(1.) mitochondria.
(2.) ribosomes.
(3.) chloroplasts.
(4.) vacuoles.
Identify the cell structure that
provides rigidity and support to
plant cells.
(1.) chloroplasts
(2.) ribosomes
(3.) cell wall
(4.) endoplasmic reticulum
Identify the cell structure that is
selectively permeable.
(1.) plasma membrane
(2.) cell wall
(3.) nucleus
(4.) mitochondria
All of the following are cell
organelles except the
(1.) nucleus
(2.) cytoplasm
(3.) mitochondria
(4.) endoplasmic reticulum
Which statement regarding vacuoles is
incorrect?
(1.) Vacuoles are used for storing materials
within a cell.
(2.) The vacuoles in plant cells are smaller
than animal cell vacuoles.
(3.) Animal cells have more vacuoles than
plant cells.
(4.) Vacuoles can move around the cells
along with the cytoplasm.
Which statement regarding the cell
membrane is incorrect?
(1.) It is selectively permeable.
(2.) It prevents harmful substances from
entering the cell.
(3.) It is a living part of the cell.
(4.) It separates the cell organelles from the
external environment.