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Computer Forensics and Cyber

Crime

CHAPTER 1
Introduction and
Overview of
Computer
Forensics and
Cybercrime

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Marjie T. Britz All Rights Reserved
Introduction

• Technological change has always led to


changes in criminal law.

 Having a telephone network makes it


easy to commit wire fraud.

 Widespread reliance on automobiles


meant a new crime, felony auto theft.

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Marjie T. Britz All Rights Reserved
Introduction

 Widespread Internet use presents new


kinds of unacceptable behavior.

 Enforcing Internet-related crimes poses


new challenges for law enforcement.

 This text explores how law enforcement


responds to these challenges.

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Marjie T. Britz All Rights Reserved
Learning Objectives

• Explore the changes in society associated


with the advent of technological changes
and the introduction of the Internet.

• Identify the challenges associated with


the enforcement and prosecution of
computer crime.

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Marjie T. Britz All Rights Reserved
Learning Objectives

• Examine the extent of computer crime


in society.

• Gain familiarity with categories of


computer-related crime.

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Marjie T. Britz All Rights Reserved
Cyberspace and Criminal Behavior

• The societal impact of the Digital


Revolution is as great as the Industrial
Revolution.

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Marjie T. Britz All Rights Reserved
Cyberspace and Criminal Behavior

•Action in the virtual reality of cyberspace


can affect physical reality.

•Organizations like the Electronic


Freedom Foundation challenge new
criminal laws.

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Marjie T. Britz All Rights Reserved
Types of Crime

• Computer crime: crimes committed


with computers

• Cyber crime: computer crimes that


involve the Internet

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Marjie T. Britz All Rights Reserved
Types of Crime

•Computer-related crime: crimes that


in some way use a computer

 Example: child pornography is easier to


spread via the Internet

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Marjie T. Britz All Rights Reserved
Types of Crime

INSERT: page 13 box as example

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Marjie T. Britz All Rights Reserved
Problems Associated with
Computer Crime
Problems associated with computer crime
include:
•Difficulty in law enforcement

•Difficulty courts face when addressing


extra-jurisdictional crime

•Belief that computer crime is not as


dangerous as violent crime

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Marjie T. Britz All Rights Reserved
Problems Associated with
Computer Crime
• Prosecutors may prefer to limit resources
on violent crime instead.

• Lack of reporting arises from a belief that


these are not worth pursuing.

• Law enforcement agencies may lack


financial and/or technical resources to
investigate computer crimes.

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Marjie T. Britz All Rights Reserved
The Extent of the Problem

Crimes can vary by:

•Type:

 Those unique to computers, like


phreaking
 Those facilitated by computer use, like
distribution of child pornography

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Marjie T. Britz All Rights Reserved
The Extent of the Problem

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Marjie T. Britz All Rights Reserved
The Extent of the Problem

Crimes can also vary by:

•Target:

 Private
 Government

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Marjie T. Britz All Rights Reserved
The Extent of the Problem

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Marjie T. Britz All Rights Reserved
Example of a New Cybercrime:
The Emergence of e-Cash
• Increased electronic commerce requires
new ways to pay for goods and
services.

• The increased flexibility and utility of


these make them appealing.

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Marjie T. Britz All Rights Reserved
Example of a New Cybercrime:
The Emergence of e-Cash
 Prepaid cards: like debit cards, not
geographically limited

 Stored value cards: sometimes called


electronic purses. Data is on a computer chip.

 Mobile payments may be transmitted via


smartphones.

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Marjie T. Britz All Rights Reserved
Example of a New Cybercrime:
The Emergence of e-Cash

 Internet payment services, like


PayPal

 Digital precious metals: value of


electronic payments linked to a
precious metal

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Marjie T. Britz All Rights Reserved
Conclusions

• Greater reliance on computer-based


technology presents benefits as well as
problems.

• Law enforcement may find it difficult to


respond to new types of crimes
because of

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Marjie T. Britz All Rights Reserved
Conclusions

• Law enforcement may find it difficult to


respond to new types of crimes
because of:
 Lack of resources
 Difficulty responding to rapid
technological change
 Public perception that computer crime is
less serious than violent crime

Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime, 3rd ed. Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Marjie T. Britz All Rights Reserved

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