Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 10 views

    NEW Biochem Lect CARBOHYDRATES Part 1

    Uploaded by

    airheadguy819
    1) Carbohydrates provide the body with its primary source of energy and fuel various metabolic processes. They are either simple sugars like glucose, fructose, and galactose or complex carbohydrates like starches and fiber. 2) Plants produce carbohydrates through photosynthesis and use them for energy storage and structure. Animals obtain carbohydrates from plants for energy, metabolism, and various bodily functions. 3) Carbohydrates can be classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides depending on their sugar unit composition and number of carbon atoms. They play crucial roles in the human body and overall health.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    NEW Biochem Lect CARBOHYDRATES Part 1

    Uploaded by

    airheadguy819
    10 views35 pages
    1) Carbohydrates provide the body with its primary source of energy and fuel various metabolic processes. They are either simple sugars like glucose, fructose, and galactose or complex carbohydrates like starches and fiber. 2) Plants produce carbohydrates through photosynthesis and use them for energy storage and structure. Animals obtain carbohydrates from plants for energy, metabolism, and various bodily functions. 3) Carbohydrates can be classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides depending on their sugar unit composition and number of carbon atoms. They play crucial roles in the human body and overall health.

    Original Title

    NEW-Biochem-lect-CARBOHYDRATES-part-1

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    1) Carbohydrates provide the body with its primary source of energy and fuel various metabolic processes. They are either simple sugars like glucose, fructose, and galactose or complex carbohydrates like starches and fiber. 2) Plants produce carbohydrates through photosynthesis and use them for energy storage and structure. Animals obtain carbohydrates from plants for energy, metabolism, and various bodily functions. 3) Carbohydrates can be classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides depending on their sugar unit composition and number of carbon atoms. They play crucial roles in the human body and overall health.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    10 views35 pages

    NEW Biochem Lect CARBOHYDRATES Part 1

    Uploaded by

    airheadguy819
    1) Carbohydrates provide the body with its primary source of energy and fuel various metabolic processes. They are either simple sugars like glucose, fructose, and galactose or complex carbohydrates like starches and fiber. 2) Plants produce carbohydrates through photosynthesis and use them for energy storage and structure. Animals obtain carbohydrates from plants for energy, metabolism, and various bodily functions. 3) Carbohydrates can be classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides depending on their sugar unit composition and number of carbon atoms. They play crucial roles in the human body and overall health.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 35

    Carbohydrates

    Can you live without sugar?


    • Soda/Punch
    • Cookies
    • Candy
    • Chocolate
    • Desserts
    • Sugary Cereals
    • Ice cream
    CARBOHYDRATES

    1. Carbohydrates give
    the body energy.
    They are the best
    source of fuel for
    the body.
    Carbohydrates also
    help to digest
    protein and fat.
    CARBOHYDRATES

    2. 45-65% of our
    food should Carbs
    Protein
    come from Fats

    carbohydrates.
    CARBOHYDRATES

    3. If we eat more
    carbohydrates
    than are needed
    for energy, the
    extra is stored in
    the liver or in the
    tissues as fat.
    4. Carbohydrates are grains, fruits,
    vegetables, legumes and sugar.
    Simple Carbohydrates

    5. Simple carbohydrates are quick


    energy sources. They come from
    sugar. They do not usually supply any
    other nutrients or fiber.
    Simple Sugars
    6. Glucose or blood sugar is the basic
    source of energy for all living
    things.
    7. Sucrose or table sugar is made
    from sugar beets or sugar cane.
    8. Fructose is sugar found in fruit,
    honey and vegetables.
    9. Maltose is grain starch broken
    down into sugar.
    10. Lactose is milk sugar.
    Complex Carbohydrates
    11. Complex carbohydrates
    supply longer lasting energy,
    as well as other nutrients and
    fiber that the body needs.
    They are a better choice.
    Complex Carbohydrates
    12. Complex carbohydrates come from
    starchy foods such as whole grains,
    flour, seeds, nuts, vegetables and
    fruits.
    Recommendations:

    13. Eat less foods with added sugar.


    14. Choose fiber-rich fruits, vegetables and
    whole grains more often.
    15. Eat beans several times a week.
    16. Brush teeth after eating foods
    with sugar and starch.

    SO . . .
    The No-Sugar Challenge
    • Soda/Punch
    • Cookies
    • Candy
    • Chocolate
    • Desserts
    • Sugary Cereals
    • Ice cream
    Take the challenge today!
    How do you know if a
    food has added sugar?
    Check out the Food Label:

    Total Carbohydrate (g): Dietary Fiber,


    Sugars, Other Carbohydrates (Complex)

    List of ingredients: sugar, brown sugar,


    juice
    fruit juices, molasses, honey, syrup, malted
    corn sweetener, corn syrup, maltose,
    fructose, lactose, glucose, dextrose
    • Carbohydrates (from 'hydrates of carbon')
    or saccharides (Greek sákcharon, meaning
    "sugar") are the most abundant of the four
    major classes of biomolecules. They fill
    numerous roles in living things, such as the
    storage and transport of energy (starch,
    glycogen) and structural components (cellulose
    in plants, chitin in animals).
    Additionally, carbohydrates and their derivatives
    play major roles in the working process of the
    immune system, fertilization, pathogenesis, blood
    clotting, and development.
    It is an organic compound with the empirical
    formula Cn(H2O)n
    and can be viewed as hydrates of carbon.
    Structurally however, it is more accurate to view
    them as either polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones,
    or compounds that yields polyhydroxy aldehydes
    or ketones on hydrolysis.
    Carbohydrate is of major importance to both
    plants and animals. It has been estimated that
    more than half of all the substances are
    organic in nature.

    Carbon atoms in the world are in


    carbohydrate molecules.
    OCCURRENCE:

    Simple carbohydrates molecules are


    synthesized chiefly by chlorophyll-
    containing plants as long as the sun is
    shining.
    Photosynthesis
    • Plants are chiefly concern with the
    building up of complex compound from
    simple materials obtained from the soil
    and air while animals with the
    transformation of complex foods into
    materials for the growth and repair of
    body tissues and the production of heat
    and energy.
    • Plants combine carbon dioxide from the air
    with water from the soil to give simple
    carbohydrates (mainly glucose, C6H12O6):

    Sunlight
    6CO2 + 6H2O ---→ C6H12O6 + 6O2
    Chlorophyll/Plant enzymes
    Plants have two main uses for the
    carbohydrates they produce. They use them:

    In the form of starch..(they provide


    energy reserves for the plants).

    In the form of cellulose, it provides


    supporting structures (serves as structural
    elements)
    BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF CARBOHYDRATES

    1. Sparing the use of protein for energy (protein sparer)- enough CHO must be present in the diet to “save” protein from being used in the body as energy thus preventing degradation of skeletal muscle and other tissues such as the heart and liver.
    2. Fat Sparer- (-anti-ketogenic effect)..sparing the use of fats for energy.
    Rapid partial breakdown of fat into energy due to lack of CHO would produce excess ketones, which can upset the acid balance of the body and become serious.
    Ketosis- is a metabolic state where most of
    the body’s energy supply
    comes from ketone bodies..(are produced
    by the liver from fatty acid if there is a low
    intake of CHO.
    3.Sole energy source for the brain and nerve
    tissues.

    The central nervous system( CNS) uses


    only glucose for energy as it has no stored supply
    of glucose, so there must be a constant supply of
    glucose from the blood. Sustained and profound
    low blood sugar may cause brain damage.
    4. Reserve fuel supply
    Extra glucose consumed is converted into glycogen in the body and stored in the liver and muscle for the future use.

    5. Regulator of normal bowel movement


    Indigestible complex CHO act as a broom and hold water which prevents constipation and colon disorders.
    6. Act as structural component

    • CHO serves as structural component of the


    supportive structure in plants (cellulose);
    connective tissues in animals; crustaceans
    shell (chitin) and essential component of
    nucleic acid ( RNA and DNA)
    7. Catalytic function

    • Carbohydrates act as a catalyst. Carbohydrases


    are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of
    carbohydrates into simple sugars.
    Enzymes are biological catalyst that
    increases the speed of chemical reaction but do
    not themselves change
    8. Flavor and Sweetener

    – Provides sweetness to foods.


    – as a receptors located at the tip of the tongue
    binds to tiny bits of CHO and send what human
    perceive as a “ sweet” signal to the brain.
    fructose- 2x sweet as sucrose
    sucrose-is approx 30% sweeter than
    glucose
    Types of Sweeteners:

    A. Nutritive sweetener
    (sucrose, glucose, fructose, high fructose
    corn syrup and lactose)-utilized for energy.

    B. Alternative sweetener
    (aspartame, acesulfame, saccharin,
    cyclamate)-provide no food energy.
    Classification of Carbohydrates.
    I. On the basis of the no. of carbohydrate units
    a. monosaccharides: one carbohydrate

    unit (simple carbohydrates)


    b. disaccharides: two carbohydrate
    units (complex carbohydrates)
    c. trisaccharides: three carbohydrate
    units
    d. polysaccharides: or complex sugars;
    many carbohydrate units
    II. On the basis of type of carbonyl group present
    A. aldose- a monosacharide that contains an
    aldehyde functional group
    B. ketose- a monosaccharide that contains a ketose
    functional group

    III. On the basis of the number of carbon atoms


    three carbons: triose
    four carbons: tetrose
    five carbons: pentose
    six carbons: hexose
    seven carbons: heptose

    You might also like