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    Capacitors Lecture 3

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    hibaek072
    This document discusses capacitors and dielectrics. It explains that the energy stored in a charged capacitor depends on the charge and capacitance. Introducing a dielectric between the capacitor plates allows the plates to be placed closer together, increasing the capacitance. A good dielectric has a high dielectric constant, is insulating, and can withstand a high electric field without breaking down. It partially cancels the electric field between the plates, allowing a higher charge for the same potential difference.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Capacitors Lecture 3

    Uploaded by

    hibaek072
    21 views12 pages
    This document discusses capacitors and dielectrics. It explains that the energy stored in a charged capacitor depends on the charge and capacitance. Introducing a dielectric between the capacitor plates allows the plates to be placed closer together, increasing the capacitance. A good dielectric has a high dielectric constant, is insulating, and can withstand a high electric field without breaking down. It partially cancels the electric field between the plates, allowing a higher charge for the same potential difference.

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    This document discusses capacitors and dielectrics. It explains that the energy stored in a charged capacitor depends on the charge and capacitance. Introducing a dielectric between the capacitor plates allows the plates to be placed closer together, increasing the capacitance. A good dielectric has a high dielectric constant, is insulating, and can withstand a high electric field without breaking down. It partially cancels the electric field between the plates, allowing a higher charge for the same potential difference.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    21 views12 pages

    Capacitors Lecture 3

    Uploaded by

    hibaek072
    This document discusses capacitors and dielectrics. It explains that the energy stored in a charged capacitor depends on the charge and capacitance. Introducing a dielectric between the capacitor plates allows the plates to be placed closer together, increasing the capacitance. A good dielectric has a high dielectric constant, is insulating, and can withstand a high electric field without breaking down. It partially cancels the electric field between the plates, allowing a higher charge for the same potential difference.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    Chapter#26

    Capacitance and Dielectric


    26.4 Energy Stored in a Charged Capacitor
    26.5 Capacitors with Dielectrics
    Energy in a Capacitor
    • Suppose you have a capacitor with charge q already on it, q  C V
    and you try to add a small additional charge dq to it,
    where dq is small. How much energy would this take?
    • The side with +q has a higher potential
    –q
    • Moving the charge there takes energy +q
    • The small change in energy is: dU  dq V   dq  q
     
    C
    • Now, imagine we start with zero charge and build it up
    dq
    gradually to q = Q
    • It makes sense to say an uncharged capacitor has U = 0
    q Q Q Q
    q dq q 2 Q2
    U   dU    
    C  V 
    2
    q 0 0
    C 2C 2C Q 2
    0
    U 
    Q2 2C 2
    U Q  C V
    2C
    Energy density in a capacitor
    Suppose you have a parallel plate capacitor with
    area A, separation d, and charged to voltage V.
    (1) What’s the energy divided by the volume between the plates?
    A
    (2) Write this in terms of the electric field magnitude
    U  2 C  V    0 A  V 2
    1 2

    2d
    • Energy density is energy over volume
    d
     0 A  V 
    2 2
    U U 1  V  V
    u    0   E
    V Ad 2 Ad 2
    2  d  d
    2
    u  0 E
    1
    2

    • We can associate the energy with the electric field itself


    • This formula can be shown to be completely generalizable
    • It has nothing in particular to do with capacitors
    Dielectrics in Capacitors
    • What should I put between the metal plates of a capacitor?
    • Goal – make the capacitance large
    • The closer you put the plates together, the –
    +
    bigger the capacitance  A + + –
    C 0 +
    • It’s hard to put things close together – d –
    +
    unless you put something between them + + + –
    • When they get charged, they are also very –
    +
    attracted to each other + + –
    +
    • Placing an insulating material – a dielectric – –
    + + +
    allows you to place them very close together  0 A + –
    • The charges in the dielectric will also shift C  –
    d + + +
    • This partly cancels the electric field –
    +
    • Small field means smaller potential difference   1 –
    + + +
    • C = Q/V, so C gets bigger too –
    +
    Choosing a dielectric
    What makes a good dielectric?
    • Have a high dielectric constant   0 A
    C
    • The combination 0 is also called , the permittivity d
    • Must be a good insulator
    • Otherwise charge will slowly bleed away
    • Have a high dielectric strength
    • The maximum electric field at which the insulator
    suddenly (catastrophically) becomes a conductor
    • There is a corresponding breakdown voltage
    where the capacitor fails
    NUMERICAL PROBLEMS
    THANKS
    Any Question……?

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