History

The Age of
Revolutions
The AMERICAN REVOLUTION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
01 02
Nationalism Causes
04 03
Results Events
01
Nationalism
Nationalism can be described as a strong feeling of love and loyalty which people have for their own
country. Nationalism arises when people share feelings and experiences. It may include a common
language, culture, religion, social order, historical tradition etc. Patriotism is also a part of nationalism.
The first clear expression of nationalism came up with the American Revolution in 1775 and then the
French Revolution in 1789. Many rulers, appointed by the people, suppressed popular revolts, put
restrictions on the press, and curbed all forms of liberalism. In the 19th century, nationalism rose like a
tidal wave which played important factor in the development of Europe.
The American Revolution
The American Revolution (1775–83), also called the
United States War of Independence or American
Revolutionary War, was a war in which 13 of Great
Britain’s North American colonies won political
independence and went on to form the United States of
America.
The colonial forces were made up of the Continental

Army (231,771 soldiers) and state militias (164,087), but
American forces rarely numbered more than 20,000 at
any one time.
02
Causes
After the discovery of America by Columbus in CE 1492, many European countries began to establish
their colonies there. England had a group of thirteen colonies along the eastern coast of America. France,
Holland and Spain also established their colonies in North America.
 The Americans were not allowed to start any industry. They were also not allowed to trade with any
country except England
 They had to pay more taxes than the English paid in England.
 The English settlers in America were inspired by the European philosophers like John Locke, Voltaire,
Rousseau and Montesquieu, who believed in freedom, equality and rights of the people.
 In 1765, the English Parliament passed the Stamp Act which imposed stamp taxes on all business
transactions. This Act awakened violent resentment among colonists.
 American thinkers like Thomas Jefferson asked people to rebel against the tyrannical rule of
England.
 Anti-British protests could be seen all over. The most prominent protest was the incident known as
the 'Boston Tea Party'. In 1773, a group of people raided British ships in the Boston harbor and
threw crates of tea in the sea. This was to protest against the new taxes which the British
government had imposed upon the colonies, especially the tax imposed on tea.
03
Events
The 13 British colonies in America revolted
against England. This is known in History as the
'American War of Independence. On 4th July
1776, representatives of the 13 colonies met at
Philadelphia and adopted a 'Declaration of
Independence' in which they declared their right
to independence. The Declaration said that all
men are born equal and are endowed with the
absolute right to life, liberty and pursuit of
happiness. It also said that all people have a right
to form their own government.
04
Results
The Declaration of Independence led to a war between the colonies and the British Government The
Continental Army was led by George Washington, It ended in 1783 with the colonies emerging victorious. In
1783, the British government and the colonies signed the Treaty of Paris, by which the British recognized the
independence of the colonies. A new country named the United States of America was born. In 1787 a new
constitution was framed at Philadelphia and in 1789, George Washington became the first President of the
United States of America. The American Revolution is an important landmark in the world history. It
inspired the people of other colonies, including India, to overthrow their colonial masters and showed the
path of democracy. The Americans celebrate the 4th of July as their Independence Day. The USA has a
written constitution, which makes the country a Federal, Democratic Republic.
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The colonial forces were made up of the Continental

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