Biniam Tolosa One

School of mechanical,
chemical and material

engineering
Adama Science
And 5th
Technology year
University
Department of material
science and engineering 10 Jan 2023
Prepared by Biniam
Over view Result ,
of the 2 discussion
article and
conclusion
1
experiment 3
 Result and
discussion
from the
Materials and Reagents

perspective of
 Preparation of Solar Cells parameters.
 conclusion
 Device Performance Test.
1
For this article:
Aim: studying the mechanism of improving conversion efficiency.
Solar cell: P3HT:PCBM hetero-junction solar cell.
Modified part: PEDOT:PSS anode buffer layer in above solar cell.
method: spin coating solvent N,N Dimethyl aceto-amide by 3000 rpm
final exhibition: 3.74% conversion efficiency or 59% improvement over
untreated.
characterized parameters:
 light and dark I-V curve.
 external quantum efficiency.
 active layer absorption spectrum.
 transmission spectrum of ITO:PEDOTPSS, PEDOT:PSS surface
morphology.
 conductivity.
Generally: this findings suggest that modifying the anode buffer layer
can improve photoelectric conversion efficiency.
 using a blended bulk hetero-junction can improves the performance of organic
photovoltaic by:
 Increases the contact area between the electrode and electron acceptor.
 Increasing the carrier diffusion and transmission and
 Reducing recombination of exictons.
However, the conversion efficiency of a cell is greatly affected by the energy level
between its electrode and electron donor or acceptor.

 To optimize the interfacial properties between the donor (acceptor) and the
electrode, a buffer layer can be introduced.
This layer can:
 Reduce leakage current
 Increasing the open-circuit voltage and
 Fill factor while improving device stability.
Anode buffer layers, which have been researched thoroughly, are mainly composed
of a metal oxide, such as:
molybdenum trioxide (MoO3), or a conducting polymer such as PEDOT:PSS.

Many methods have been developed to improve PEDOT:PSS thin films,
such as :
 Mixing with other materials or adding dopants to the PEDOT:PSS
suspension such as propylene glycol, sorbitol, or methyl sulfoxide.
 By adding substances with high boiling points can improve the
conductivity of PEDOT:PSS by 2-3 orders of magnitude .
 Using a double buffer layer of MoO3/ TFB{poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-
co-N-[4-(3-methylpropyl)]- diphenylamine)} for the anode can also
enhance hole collection and electron blockage, improving short-
circuit current density (𝐽SC) and fill factor (FF).
2
Experiment
1. Materials and Reagents.
The P3HT and PCBM active layers.
PEDOT:PSS anode buffer and other chemicals were analysed as pure.
PEDOT:PSS is a conductive blend of [poly(3,4- thiophene monomer ethylene 2
oxygen)] and PSS (polystyrene sulfonate).
DMAC (dimethylacetamide) polar solvent and has a high boiling point, good thermal
stability, and good chemical stability.

2.2. Preparation of Solar Cells.
 Step 1. Preparing 3 × 4 cm(10 ohm per square meter) glass substrates coated
with ITO.
 Step 2. sealing parts of the substrates with tape, the
remainder was etched with concentrated hydrochloric acid
for 20 min.
Then cleaned
with detergent
to remove
hydrochloric
acid residue
and impurities
on the ITO.
 Step 3. The samples were then ultrasonically cleaned for 10 min in deionized
water, acetone, ethanol, and isopropanol sequentially.
 Step 4. They were then dried on sheet glass with N2 and then treated
with UV-O3 for 10 min to remove organic contamination on the ITO and
to minimize the ITO work function, improving hole transmission and
collection.
 sample A :
PEDOT:PSS was spin-coated on ITO at 3000 rpm to a final film thickness of
30–35 nm, measured by a profilometer.
 sample B :
Then, PEDOT:PSS and DMAC were mixed in a volume ratio of 4 : 1 and spun
at 3000 rpm.
Then, DMAC was spin-coated onto PEDOT:PSS buffer layers at 1000, 3000, or
5000 rpm; these are denoted as samples C, D, and E, respectively. The five
groups of samples were then annealed at 130∘ C for 10 min.
∼100 nm thick active layer.
∼ 100 nm thick Al and ITO electrode.
∼1 nm thick buffer layers.

2.3. Device Performance Test.

Results and Discussion
1. Analysis of I-V Characteristics
2.conductivity
3.Transmission
spectrum
4.Absorption
spectrum
.
4. External
quantum
efficiency
.
5.Atomic
force
microscopy
.
To analyse the optimum shape of the

Atomic force microscopy anode buffer layer
 increasing its contact area with the active layer.
 This increase improves hole transmission and
 reduces the recombination of holes and electrons.

.
3 conclusion
Characterizing the parameters of these cells, we found that DMAC modified
PEDOT:PSS improved the parallel resistance and conductivity of the devices. These
changes improved the charge transport and collection in the cells, improving their
conversion efficiency. These results suggest that modifying the anode buffer layer is
one way to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

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School of mechanical,

chemical and material

For this article:

Aim: studying the mechanism of improving conversion efficiency.

Solar cell: P3HT:PCBM hetero-junction solar cell.

Modified part: PEDOT:PSS anode buffer layer in above solar cell.

method: spin coating solvent N,N Dimethyl aceto-amide by 3000 rpm

final exhibition: 3.74% conversion efficiency or 59% improvement over

 Increasing the carrier diffusion and transmission and

 Reducing recombination of exictons.

between its electrode and electron donor or acceptor.

electrode, a buffer layer can be introduced.

This layer can:

 Reduce leakage current

 Increasing the open-circuit voltage and

 Fill factor while improving device stability.

of a metal oxide, such as:

molybdenum trioxide (MoO3), or a conducting polymer such as PEDOT:PSS.

1. Materials and Reagents.

The P3HT and PCBM active layers.

PEDOT:PSS anode buffer and other chemicals were analysed as pure.

PEDOT:PSS is a conductive blend of [poly(3,4- thiophene monomer ethylene 2

oxygen)] and PSS (polystyrene sulfonate).

stability, and good chemical stability.

∼ 100 nm thick Al and ITO electrode.

∼1 nm thick buffer layers.

To analyse the optimum shape of the

 increasing its contact area with the active layer.

 This increase improves hole transmission and

 reduces the recombination of holes and electrons.

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