NUMBER SEQUENCES

AND SERIES

What are we going to learn?

Patterns of Numbers
Number Sequences
Number Series
How many circles in fourth pattern?

……..
15
1 3 6 10 …..
+2 +3 +4 +5
 The next term is .... ?
2, 5, 10, 17, …..26

+3 +5 +7 +9

to get the next term by adding the previous term

with odd number
 The next term is .... ?
-3, -1, 3, 9, ….. 17

+2 +4 +6 +8

to get the next term by adding the previous term

with even number
 -5, -3, 1, 7, 15, ….

3, 8, 13, 18, 23 , …..

2 , 4, 1, 3, 0, 2, …..

3, 6, 12, 21 33
+3 +6 +9 +12
 3, 5, 8, 13, 20 31

+2 +3 +5 +7 +11

3, 12, 72, 576, ……

x4 x6 x8 x10
 240
2, 4, 12, 48 ….
x2 x3 x4 x5

-2, 1, 7, 16, 28
...

+3 +6 +9 +12
 The next term is .... ?
4, 10, 16, 22, 28
…..

+6 +6 +6 +6

Can you determine the 1000th term ?

if using the usual method will require a long
time, then the formula is needed to find the
1000th term
4, 10, 16, 22, …..

+6 +6 +6
lets find the formula of pattern:
The pattern of number is +6 so probability of
formula is 6n ....
let's check one by one....
the fist term of pattern is 4 so the value of n = 1

let's check if n = 1 6n ... = 4

6(1) ... = 4
6(1) - 2 = 4
 let's check if n = 2 6 n .... = 10
6(2) - 2 = 10 true
let's check if n = 3 6 n .... = 16
6(3) - 2 = 16
18 - 2 = 16 true
let's check if n = 4 6 n .... = 22
6(4) - 2 = 22
24 - 2 = 22 true
So, the formula of pattern is 6n - 2
Now by the formula you can get the 1000 th
term of pattern

n = 1000 6n–2
=6(1000) – 2

= 6000 – 2 = 5998
the 1000th term of pattern is 5998
 = 3n + 2
Determine the 250 term! th
= 3(250) + 2
5, 8, 11, 14 ….. = 750 + 2
= 752
+3 +3 +3
let's check if n = 1 3n …. = 5
3(1) + 2 = 5
let's check if n = 2 3n + 2 = 8
3(2)+ 2 = 8
let's check if n = 3 3(3)+ 2 = 11
let's check if n = 4 3(4)+ 2 = 14
Determine the 300th term!
6, 10, 14, 18 ….. 4n + 2 =
4(300) + 2 = 1200 +2
+4 +4 +4
1202
let's check if n = 1 4n …. = 6
4(1) + 2 = 6
let's check if n = 2 4n + 2 = 10
4(2)+ 2 = 10
 Determine the 300th term!
32, 27, 22, 17, …...
-5 -5 -5 rumus = -5n ….
let's check if n = 1 -5n …. = 32
-5(1) …. = 32
-5 + 37 = 32
rumus = -5n + 37
= -5(300) + 37
= -1500 + 37
= -1463
1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21 …
A. Patterns of Numbers
1. ODD NUMBER PATTERN

1, 3, 5, 7, 9 ……. is called odd

number pattern

1 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 ,…..
+2 +2 +2 +2
 Term Numbers Pattern of Numbers

1 1 2 (1) – 1 = 1
2 3 2 (2) – 1 = 3
3 5 2 (3) – 1 = 5
4 7 2 (4) – 1 = 7
n ? 2 (n) – 1 = 2n – 1
The n-term for odd number pattern is 2n – 1, for n is natural numbers

The formula of the n-th term for

odd number pattern is: 2n - 1
Look at the picture!

How many rectangle of the 20th patterns?

 Solution:
The Picture above shown a pattern
of odd number.

The contens of rectangle for the 20 th

Patterns of picture above is:
= 2n - 1
= 2(20) - 1
= 40 - 1
= 39 rectangles
 What is the n-th term of 675 for odd number
pattern?
Solution
Formula = 2n -1 n = 338
675 = 2n -1
675 +1 = 2n So, 675 is the 338th term for
odd number pattern
676 = 2n
2n = 676
n = 676 : 2
Formula = 2n -1
203 = 2n -1 615 = 2n -1
203 +1 = 2n 615 +1 = 2n
204 = 2n
616 = 2n
2n = 204
616 : 2= n
n = 204 : 2
N = 308
N = 102
 2. Even Number Pattern
2 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 10 , …
+2 +2 +2 +2
Term Numbers Pattern of Numbers
1 2 2 (1) = 2
2 4 2 (2) = 4
3 6 2 (3) = 6
4 8 2 (4) = 8
n ? 2 (n) = 2n

The n-term for even number pattern is 2n, for n is natural

numbers
 The formula of the n-th term for
Even number pattern is: 2n
Example:
Look at the picture! The Movie

In the theatre
consist 15 lines of
chairs.
How many chairs
at the back of
theatre ?

-------------------------------------------------
 The Lines of chairs in the theatre
shown a pattern of even number.

So, The 15th Lines of chairs = 2n

in the theatre consist: = 2 (15)
= 30 chairs
 What is the term of 526 for even
number pattern?
Solution
Formula = 2n
526 = 2n
2n = 526
n = 526 : 2
n = 263
So, 526 is the 263th term for
even number pattern
3. Rectangular Number Pattern
…
1 x2 2x3 3x4 …x…
2 6 12 …
Term Numbers Pattern of Numbers

1 2 1 ( 1 + 1) = 2
2 6 2 ( 2 + 1) = 6
3 12 3 ( 3 + 1) = 12
… … …
n ? n ( n + 1) = n2 + n
The n-order for the pattern of
rectangular numbers is n(n+1)
for n is natural numbers
The formula of the n-th term for
patterns of Rectangle numbers is:

n(n+1)
Determine the 99 th term for rectangular
number pattern!
Solution
formula= n ( n + 1 )
n = 99 --->> = n ( n + 1 )
= 99 ( 99 + 1 )
= 99 ( 100 )
= 9900
Determine the 80 th term for rectangular
number pattern!
Solution
formula= n ( n + 1 )
n = 80 --->> = n ( n + 1 )
= 80 ( 80 + 1 )
= 80 ( 81 )
= 6480
4. Triangular Number Pattern

1 3 6 10 15 …
Term Numbers Pattern of Numbers

11  1
1 1 2
2
2
1

2  2  1 6
2 3 2
 3
2

3 6 3 3  1

12
6
2 2

… … …

n ? n  n  1
2
The formula of the n-th term for
triangular number pattern is:

n(n+1)
2
 Example
Determine the 80 th term for triangular
number pattern!
Solution
Formula = n x ( n + 1 )
2
n = 80 --->> = 80 x ( 80 + 1 )
2
= 40 x 81
= 3240
 Example
Determine the 120 th term for triangular
number pattern!
Solution
Formula = n x ( n + 1 )
2
n = 120 --->> = 120 x ( 120 + 1 )
2
= 60 x 121
= 7260
Example
Determine the 61 th term for triangular
number pattern!
Solution
Formula = n x ( n + 1 )
2
n = 61 --->> = 61 x ( 61 + 1 )
2
= 61 x 62
2
= 61 X 31
= 1891
 5. Square Number Pattern

…
1 x1 2x2 3x3 4x4 5x5 …
1 4 9 16 25 …
Term Numbers Pattern of Numbers

1 1 (1)2 = 1
2 4 (2)2 = 4
3 9 (3)2 = 9
… … …
n ? (n)2 = n2
 The formula of the n-th term for
patterns of square numbers is:

n 2
Example
Determine the 26 th term for square
number pattern!
Solution
Formula = n2
n = 26 --->> n2
--->> 262
--->> 26 x 26 = 676
 6. Patterns of Pascal Triangle Numbers
1 1
1 1 2
1 2 1 4
1 3 3 1 8
1 4 6 4 1 16

1, 2, 4, 8, 16, ……
x2 x2 x2 x2
20 21 22 23 24 2….
 Term Numbers Pattern of Numbers

1 1=2 0 21 – 1
2 2 = 21 22– 1
3 4 = 22 23 – 1
… … …
n ? 2n – 1
The formula of the n-th term for
patterns of pascal triangle
numbers is:
2 n-1
 Example
Determine the 10 th term for Pascal’s
Triangle number pattern!
Solution
n-1
Formula = 2
n = 10 --->> = 2 n-1
10-1
=2
9
=2
= 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x2
= 512
STUDENT WORK SHEET
Find two term of the next term of the pattern
numbers below, then determine the formula of
nth term and find the 100th!
1. 6, 12, 18, 24…..
2. 4, 12, 20, 28, …..
3. 8, 16, 24, 32, …….
4. 2, 5, 8, 11, ……
5. 3, 8, 13, 18,……
6. 4, 2, 0, -2, …….
7. 1, 4, 9, 16…
8. 4, 3, 3, 2 ……
9. (1x3), (2 x 4), (3 x 5), (4 x 6) ….
10.(2x3), (2 x 6), (2 x 9), (2 x 12) ….
1, 6, 14 28 51
86
......
+5 +8 +14 +23 +35

+3 +6 +9 +12
B. Number Sequence
B.1 Arithmetic Sequence
A number sequence in which the next term is obtained by
adding a constant (certain) number to the previous term
is called an arithmetic sequence.

+2 +2 +2 +2
1, 3, 5, 7, 9 …..n
U1 U2 U3 U4 U5 Un
U1 , U2, U3, U4, U5 … = The terms of arithmetic sequence
2 = The constant number is called a difference.
 Finding the formula nth term of arithmetic sequence

U1 , U 2, U3, U4, ……. Un

a a+ a + 2b a+3b ……..
b a + (3-1)b
a +(1-1)b
a + (2-1)b a+(4-1)b ... a+(n - 1)b
Formula of arithmetic sequence :

Un = a+(n - 1)b
Un = the nth term of arithmetic sequence
a = the first term
b = difference
 example-1
Determine the 25th term of arithmetic sequence :
a. 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 ……..
b. 28, 26, 24, 22, …….
Solution:
a. Known; a = 4, b = 3 U25 = …..?
Un = a+(n - 1)b Un = a+(n - 1)b
U25 = 4+(25 - 1)3
Un = 28+(n - 1)(-2)
U25 = 4+(24)3 Un =28+ -2n + 2
U25 = 4 + 72 Un = -2n + 30
U25 = 76 atau 30 – 2n
b. known; a = 28, b = -2 U25 = …..?
Un = a+(n - 1)b
U25 = 28+(25 - 1)(-2)
U25 = 28+(24)(-2)
U25 = 28 + (-48)
U25 = -20
example-2
Determine the 37th term of arithmetic
sequence below
a. -3, 2, 7, 12, 17 …..

a. Known; a = -3, b = 5 U37 = …..?

Un = a+(n - 1)b
U37 = -3+(37 – 1)5
U37 = -3+(36)5
U37 = -3 + 180
U37 = 177
example-3
Determine the 91th term of arithmetic sequence
below
a. 16, 13, 10, 7, 4 …..

a. Known; a = 16, b = -3 U91 = …..?

Un = a+(n - 1)b
U91 = 16 +(91 – 1)(-3)
U91 = 16+(90)(-3)
U91 = 16 + -270
U91 = -254
 example-4
Determine the 63th term of arithmetic sequence
below
a. 8, 4, 0, -4, -8 …..

a. Known; a = 8, b = -4 U63 = …..?

Un = a+(n - 1)b
U63 = 8 +(63 – 1)(-4)
U63 = 8 - 248
U63 = 8+(62)(-4)
U63 = -(248 - 8)
U91 = 8 + -248
U63 = -(240)
U91 = -240
 example-1
Determine the 43th term of arithmetic
sequence below
a. 13, 8, 3, -2, -7 …..

a. Known; a = 13, b = -5 U43 = …..?

Un = a+(n - 1)b
U43 = 13 +(43 – 1)(-5)
U43 = 13 - 210
U43 = 13+(42)(-5)
U43 = -(210 - 13)
U43 = 13 + -210
U43 = -(197)
U91 = -240
 Example-2
Determine the 21th term of arithmetic sequence
If the first term is 5 and the 15th
Term is 61!
Solution:
Known; a = 5 U15 = 61 U21 = …..?
Un = a+(n - 1)b U21 = a + 20b
U15 = 5+(15 - 1)b
U21 = 5 + 20(4)
61 = 5 + 14b U21 = 5 + 80
61 - 5 = 14b U21 = 85
56 = 14b
b = 56 : 14 = 4
 Determine the 31th term of arithmetic
sequence . If the first term is 8 and the 11th
Term is 48!
Un = a+(n - 1)b U31 = a+30b
U11 = 8+(11 - 1)b
U31 = 8+ 30(4)
48 = 8 + 10b
U31 = 8+ 120
48 - 8 = + 10b
U31 = 128
40 = 10b
Determine the 81 term of arithmetic sequence . If the
th
40 : 10 = b first term is 13 and the 21 th

4=b Term is -47!

 Determine the 81th term of arithmetic
sequence . If the first term is 13 and the 21th
Term is -47!
Un = a+(n - 1)b U81 = a+80b
U21 = 13+(21 - 1)b
U81 = 13+ 80(-3)
-47 = 13 + 20b
U81 = 13+ -240
-47 - 13 = + 20b
U81 = -227
-60 = 20b
-60 : 20 = b
-3 = b
 Determine the 61th term of arithmetic
sequence . If the first term is 9 and the 16th
Term is 99!
Un = a+(n - 1)b Un = a+(n - 1)b
U16 = 9 +(16 - 1)b U61 = 9+(61 - 1)6
99 = 9 + 15b U61 = 9+(60)6
99 - 9 = 15b U61 = 9+ 360 = 369
90 = 15b
90: 15 = b
6= b
 Example -3
How Many numbers of arithmetic sequence
below?
-4, 1, 6, 11, ………… 96
Solution:
Known : a = -4 Un = 96 b = 5 n = …..?
Un = a+(n - 1)b
n = 105 : 5
96 = -4 +(n – 1)5
n = 21
96 = -4 + 5n - 5
96 = -9 + 5n
96 + 9 = 5n
105 = 5n
Example -4
How Many numbers of arithmetic sequence
below?
5, 11, 17, 23, 29 ………… 185
Solution:
Un = a+(n - 1)b 186 = 6n
185 = 5 +(n – 1)6 186 : 6 = n
31 = n
185 = 5 + 6n - 6
185 = 6n - 1
185 + 1 = 6n
Example -4
How Many numbers of arithmetic sequence
below?
-4, -1, 2, 5, 8 ………… 236
Solution: Diket. a = -4 b = 3 Un = 236
Un = a+(n - 1)b 243 = 3n
236 = -4 +(n – 1)3 243 : 3 = n
81 = n
236 = -4 + 3n - 3
236 = 3n - 7
236 + 7 = 3n
Example
How Many numbers of arithmetic sequence
below?
-6, -2, 2, 6, 10 ………… 354
Solution: Diket. a = -6 b = 4 Un = 354
Un = a+(n - 1)b
354 = -6 +(n – 1)4
354 = -6 + 4n - 4
364 = 4n
354 = 4n - 10
364 : 4 = n
354 + 10 = 4n 91 = n
 Example-4
Determine the 35th term of arithmetic sequence
if the 6th term and the 18th term are 32 and 104!
Solution:
Known : U6 = 32 U18 = 104 U35 =…...?
U6 = a + 5b U18 = a + 17b
32 = a + 5b 104 = a + 17b
a + 5b = 32 …….(1) a + 17b = 104 …….(2)
a + 17b = 104 b = 72 : 12 = 6
a + 5b = 32
12b = 72
a + 5b = 32
U35 = a + 34b
a + 5(6) = 32
U35 = 2 + 34(6)
a + 30 = 32
U35 = 2 + 204
a = 32 - 30
U35 = 206
a=2

U18= 104
b= 6 --- > u6 = a + 5b
U6 = 32
32 = a + 5(6)
(18-6)b = 72
12b= 72 32 = a +30
b= 6 32 - 30= a
2=a
Example
Determine the 61th term of arithmetic sequence
if the 4th term and the 13th term are 14 and 41!
Solution:
Known : U4 = 14 U13 = 41 U61 =…...?

U4 = a + 3b U13 = a + 12b
14 = a + 3b 41 = a + 12b
a + 12b = 41 b = 27 : 9 = 3
a + 3b = 14 14 = a + 3b
14 = a + 3(3)
9b = 27 14 = a + 9
14-9 = a= 5
U61 = a + 60b
U61 = 5 + 60(3)
U61 = 5 + 180 = 185
a + 3b = 14 U61 = a + 60b
a + 3(3) = 14 U61 = 5 + 60(3)
a + 9 = 14 U61 = 5 + 180
a = 14 - 9 U61 = 185
a=5
CARA SIMPLE
U13 = 41 Ux – Uy = (x-y)b
U4 = 14
9b = 27
b = 27 : 9
b= 3
Example-5
Determine the 41th term of arithmetic sequence
if the 3th term and the 21th term are 12 and 102!
Solution:
Known : U3 = 12 U21 = 102 U41 =…...?
U3 = a + 2b U21 = a + 20b
12 = a + 2b 102 = a + 20b
a + 2b = 12 …….(1) a + 20b = 102 …….(2)
a + 20b = 102 a + 2(5) = 12
a + 2b = 12 a + 10 = 12
18b = 90 a = 12 - 10 = 2
b = 90 : 18 = 5
 Example-5
Given the 8th term of arithmetic sequence is 19.
The sum of the second term and the 5th is 11!
Determine the 30th term of arithmetic sequence !
Solution:
Diketahui : U8 = 19 U2 +U5 = 11 U30 =…...?
U8 = a + 7b U2 + U5 = 11
19 = a + 7b (a+b) + (a+4b) = 11
a + 7b = 19 ……..(1) 2a + 5b = 11 …… (2)

a + 7b = 19 2 2a + 14b = 38
2a + 5b = 11 1 2a + 5b = 11
9b = 27 b = 27 : 9 = 3
 a + 7b = 19 U30 = a + 29b
a + 7(3) = 19 U30 = -2 + 29(3)
a + 21 = 19 U30 = -2 + 87
a = 19 - 21
a = -2 U30 = 85
Example-6
Given the arithmetic sequence:
4, 9, 14, 19, 24 …….
Determine the nth term formula of arithmetic sequence !
Solution:
Diketahui : a = 4 b = 9 – 4 = 5
Formula nth term = …. ?
Un = a + ( n – 1 )b Un = 5n + 4 – 5
Un = 4 + ( n – 1 ). 5
Un = 5 n – 1
Un = 4 + 5n – 5
Example-6
Given the arithmetic sequence:
-3, 4, 11, 18, 25 …….
Determine the nth term formula of arithmetic sequence !
Solution:
Un = a + ( n – 1 )b U = 7n – 10
n

Un = -3 + ( n – 1 )7
Un = -3 + 7n – 7
Example-6
Given the arithmetic sequence:
-9, -3, 3, 9, 15 …….
Determine the nth term formula of arithmetic sequence !
Solution:
Un = a + ( n – 1 )b U = 6n – 15
n

Un = -9 + ( n – 1 )6
Un = -9 + 6n – 6
Example-7
The number of chairs in the second row in the cinema is
12 chairs. If the difference of chair between 2 rows is 3
chairs, then determine the number chairs in 17th row!
Solution:
known : U2 = 12 b=3 U17 = …. ?
U2 = 12 Un = a + ( n – 1 )b
U2 = a + ( 2 – 1 )(3)
12 = a + (1)(3)
12 = a + 3
12 – 3 = a
9=a
 Un = a + ( n – 1 )b
U17 = 9 + ( 17 – 1 )(3)
U17 = 9 + ( 16)(3)
U17 = 9 + 48
U17 = 57

So, the number chairs in 17th row is 57 chairs

Example-7
The number of chairs in the third row in the cinema is
18 chairs. If the difference of chair between 2 rows is 4
chairs, then determine the number chairs in 21th row!
Solution:
known : U3 = 18 b=4 U21 = …. ?
U3 = 18 Un = a + ( n – 1 )b
U3 = a + ( 3 – 1 )(4)
18 = a + (2)(4)
18 = a + 8
18 – 8 = a
10 = a
 Un = a + ( n – 1 )b
U21 = 10 + ( 21 – 1 )(4)
U21 = 10 + ( 20)(4)
U21 = 10 + 80
U21 = 90

So, the number chairs in 21th row is 20 chairs

 Example-8
The height of 5 stacks of chairs is 1,3 m, while the
height of the stacks of 11 chairs is 2,5 m. determine the
height of the stacks 31 chairs
Solution:
known :
U5 = 1,3
2,5 m
U11 = 2,5
1,3 m U31 = …. ?
Solution:
known : U5 = 1,3 U11 = 2,5 U31 = …. ?

U5 = 1,3 Un = a + ( n – 1 )b
U5 = a + ( 5 – 1 )b
1,3 = a + 4b
a + 4b = 1,3 ……. Leov 1
U11 = 2,5 Un = a + ( n – 1 )b
U11 = a + ( 11 – 1 )b
2,5 = a + 10b
a + 10b = 2,5 …….. Leov 2
 Leov. 1 & 2 to be combined :
a + 10b = 2,5 b = 0,2 a + 4b = 1,3
a + 4b = 1,3 a + 4(0,2) = 1,3
0 + 6b = 1,2 a + 0,8 = 1,3
6b = 1,2 a = 1,3 - 0,8
b= 1,2 : 6 a = 0,5
b= 0,2
Substitute the value
of b to leov 1 :
b = 0,2 a = 0,5
Un = a + ( n – 1 )b
U31 = 0,5 + ( 31 – 1 )(0,2)
U31 = 0,5 + (30)(0,2)
U31 = 0,5 + (30)(0,2)
U31 = 0,5 + 6
U31 = 6,5 m

So, the height of the stacks 31 chairs is 6,5 m

 Example-7
Determine the height of the stacks of 41 cups?
Solution:
known : U2 = 14
14 cm
U4 = 20
20 cm
U41 = …. ?
U2 = a + b
Leov 1 & 2 are combined: 14 = a + b ……. Leov 1
20 = a + 3b U4 = a + 3b
14 = a + b 20 = a + 3b ……. Leov 2
6 = 0 + 2b
2b = 6 b =6:2=3
b = 3 subtitute into leov 1 14 = a + b
14 = a + 3
14 - 3 = a
11 = a

b = 3, a = 11 U41 = …… ?

Un = a + ( n – 1 )b
U41 = 11 + ( 41 – 1 )3
U41 = 11 + (40)(3)
U41 = 11 + 120
U41 = 131
the height of the stacks 41 chairs is 131 cm
Solution:
known : U2 = 12 U4 = 18
U31 = …. ?

U2 = 12 Un = a + ( n – 1 )b
U2 = a + ( 2 – 1 )b
12 = a + 1b
a + b = 12 ……. Leov 1
U4 = 18 Un = a + ( n – 1 )b
U4 = a + ( 4 – 1 )b
18 = a + 3b
a + 10b = 2,5 …….. Leov 2
 a + 3b = 18
a + b = 12
2b = 6
b= 6:2=3 U31 = a + 30b
b= 3 a + b = 12 U31 = 9 + 30(3)
a + 3 = 12 U31 = 9 + 90 = 99
a = 12 - 3
a= 9
2. geometric sequence
A number sequence in which the next terms are obtained
by multiplying the previous term with a constant number
which is not equal to 0 is called a geometric sequence.
The constant number is called ratio.

x2 x2 x2 x2
1, 2, 4, 8, 16 …..n
U1 U2 U3 U4 U5 Un

U1 , U2, U3, U4, U5 … = the terms of geometric

sequence
2 = ratio (r)
IF U1 , U2, U3, U4, …..Un the terms of
geometric squence, so:
U2 U4 U6 Un
r = ----- = ----- = ----- = …… -----
U1 U3 U5 Un-1
 Determining the nth of geometric sequence

U1 , U 2, U3, U4, ……. Un

a axr a x r2 a x r3 …….. a x rn-1

The nth of geometric sequence formula:

Un = arn-1
Un = the nth termof geometric sequence
a = the first term
r = ratio
 Example-1
Determine the 9th of geometric sequence below!
a. -1, 2, -4, 8, ……..
b. 24, 12, 6, 3, ……. r = U2 : U1 = 2 : -1 = -2
Solution:
a. Known; a = -1, r = -2 U9 = …..?
Un = a rn-1 U9 = -1 x 256
U9 = -1 x (-2)9-1 U9 = -256
U9 = -1 x (-2)8
U9 = -1 x 28
b. Known; a = 24, r = 1/2 U9 = …..?

Un = a rn-1 r = U2 : U1 = 12 : 24 = 1/2
U9 = 24 x _1_9-1
2
U9 = 24 x (_1_)8
2
U9 = 24 x (_18_) U9 = _24_
28 256
U9 = 24 x _1_ U9 = _3_
28 32
U9 = _24_
28
 Example-1
Determine the 8th of geometric sequence below!
-2, 6, -18, 54, ……..
Solution: r = U2 : U1 = 6 : -2 = -3

a. Known; a = -2, r = -3 U8 = …..?

Un = a rn-1
U8 = -2 x (-3)8-1
U8 = -2 x (-3)7
U8 = -2 x - 2187
U8 = 4374
 Example-2
A geometric sequence contained of 8 numbers.
The first and the last term are 1 and 2187
Determine the ratio of that sequence!
Solution:
Known; a = 1, U8 = 2187 r = …..?
Un = a rn-1
U8 = 1 x (r)8-1
2187 = 1 x r7
37 = r 7
3=r
 Example-3
A geometric sequence contained of 9 numbers.
The ratio and the last term are 2 and 64
Determine the first term of that sequence!
Solution:
Known; r = 2, U9 = 64, a = …..?
Un = a rn-1 atau
a = 26
U9 = a x 29-1 28 a = 26-8
a = 2-2
64 = a x 28 a= 1
a= 1
26 = a x 28 22
a= 1 22
a= 1
4 4
Example-4
The fourth term of geometric sequence is 4 and the sixth
term is 64 . Determine a, r and the eight term!

Known; U4 = 4 U6 = 64, a = …, r = …., U8 =….?

U4 = a r 3 a r5 = 64
4 = a r3 a r3 = 4
divided
a r3 = 4 …….(1) r2 = 16
U6 = a r 5 r =4
64 = a r5
a r5 = 64 …….(2)
 U8 = a r 7
r = 4  U 4 = a r3
U8 = 1_ x 47
4 = a x 43 16
a x 43 = 4 U8 = 1 x 4 7
a= 4 42
43 U 8 = 47 = 4 5
a = _1_ 42
42
U8 = 1024
a = 1_
16
Example-5
-1, 2, -4, 8, …….128
How many numbers contained in the geometric sequence
above?
Known; a = -1, Un = 128 r =-2, n= …..?
7=n-1
Un = a rn-1 7 + 1= n
128 = -1 x -2n-1 8=n
128 = -2n-1
-1
-128 = -2n-1
-27 = -2n-1
 Example-6
At 09.15 there are 6 bacteria in a place. Every 10 minutes,
the bacteria split into 2. what the amount of the bacteria at
10.45?
Solution:
n the first of 10 minutes the bacteria become to 12
Then known a = 12 , r = 2
duration of time = 10.45 – 09.15 = 1.30
1.30 = 60 + 30 = 90 minutes
acteria split = 90 : 10 minutes = 9 times, U9 = …..?
 SO, a = 12 , r=2 U9 = …..?

Un = a rn-1
U9 = 12 x 29-1
U9 = 12 x 28
U9 = 12 x 256
U9 = 3072
the amount of the bacteria at 10.45 is 3072 bacteria.
 Example-6
At 05.45 there are 3 bacteria in a place. Every 15 minutes,
the bacteria split into 3. what the amount of the bacteria at
07.15?
Solution:
in the first of 15 minutes the bacteria become to 9
Then known a = 9 , r = 3
uration of time = 07.15 – 05.45 = 1.30
1.30 = 60 + 30 = 90 minutes
acteria split = 90 : 15 minutes = 6 times, U6 = …..?
 SO, a = 9 , r=3 U6 = …..?

Un = a rn-1
U6 = 9 x 36-1
U6 = 9 x 3 5
U6 = 9 x 243
U6 = 2187
the amount of the bacteria at 07.15 is 2187 bacteria.
Arithmetic Series
An arithmetic series is obtained by finding the sum of the
terms in an arithmetic sequence. To express the sum of
the first n terms in an arithmetic sequence, the symbol Sn
is used
IF U1 , U2, U3, U4, …..Un Arithmetic Sequence, so

U1 + U2 + U3 + U4 ….. + Un are Arithmetic Series

Example

2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17,…… is called Arithmetic Sequence

2 + 5 + 8+ 11 + 17 + …… is called Arithmetic Series

 Finding the formula nth term of arithmetic series

Sn = a + (a + b) + ( a + 2b) + …… + a+(n-1)b
Sn= a+(n-1)b + a+(n-2)b + a+(n-3)b + …… + a

2Sn= 2a+(n-1)b + 2a+(n-1)b + 2a+(n-1)b + …..

+ 2a+(n-1)b
2Sn= n x (2a+(n-1)b )
Sn= n (2a+(n-1)b )
2
Sn= n (a + (a+(n-1)b )) Sn= n (a + Un )
2 2
Arithmetic Series Formula
Sn = n ( a + U n )
2
or

Sn = n ( 2a +(n-1)b)
2
Sn = the sum of the first n terms
in an arithmetic series
a = first term
b = different
n = the numbers of term
Example 1
Determine the following of the sum of the first 20
term in arithmetic Series !
a. 3 + 7 + 11 + 15 ……..
b. -2 + 1 + 4 + 7 …….
Solution:
a. Known; a = 3, b = 4 S20 = …..?
Sn = n ( 2a +(n-1)b)
2
S20 = 20 ( 2 . 3 +(20-1)4)
2
S20 = 10 ( 6 + 19 . 4)
S20 = 10 ( 6 + 76)
S20 = 10 (82) S20 = 820
b. Known; a = -2 b = 3 S20 = …..?
Sn = n ( 2a +(n-1)b)
2
S20 = 20 ( 2 . -2 +(20-1)3)
2
S20 = 10 ( -4 + 19 . 3)
S20 = 10 ( -4 + 57)
S20 = 10 (53)
S20 = 530
TENTUKAN JUMLAH 30 SUKU
PERTAMA DERET ARITMATIKA
BERIKUT
-5 + 1 + 7 + 13 + 19 …….
Sn = n ( 2a +(n-1)b)
2
S = 30 ( 2 . -5 +(30-1)6)
30
2
S30 = 15( -10 +(29)6)
S30 = 15( -10 + 174)
S30 = 15( 164) = 2460
 Example-2
How many even numbers from 2 until 100,
Then determine the sum of that even numbers!
Solution:

Even number series

2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + …….. + 100
known: a = 2 b = 2 and Un = 100
Un = a + (n-1)b 100 = n
2
100 = 2 + (n-1)2
n = 50
100 = 2 + 2n - 2
100 = 2n There are 50 of even numbers from
2 until 100
Sn = n ( 2a +(n-1)b)
2
S50 = 50 ( 2.2 +(50-1)2)
2
S50 = 25 ( 4 +(49)2)
S50 = 25 ( 4 + 98)
S50 = 25 ( 102)
S50 = 2550

So, the sum of even numbers untill

100 is 2550
 Example-2
How many odd numbers between 11 and 99
Then determine the sum of that odd numbers!
Solution:

dd number series
3 + 15 + 17 + 19 + …….. + 97
nown: a = 13 b = 2 and Un = 97
Un = a + (n-1)b 97 – 11 = 2n
86 = 2n
97 = 13 + (n-1)2 86 = n
97 = 13 + 2n - 2 2 n = 43

97 = 11 + 2n There are 43 of odd numbers between

11 dan 99
 Sn = n ( 2a +(n-1)b)
2
S43 = 43 ( 2.13 +(43-1)2)
2
S43 = 43 ( 26 +(42)2)
2
S43 = 43 ( 26 + 84)
2
S43 = 43 ( 110)
2
S43 = 43 x 55 = 2365
So, the sum of odd numbers between 11
and 99 is 2365
 Example-3
The Sum of the first n term in arithmetic series is 175.
If the first term and different that series are 4 and 3.
Determine the numbers in the series!
Solution:

Known: a = 4 b = 3 and Sn = 175

Sn = n ( 2a +(n-1)b) 350 = n ( 5 + 3n)
2
175 = n ( 2.4 +(n-1)3) 350 = 5n + 3n2
2
350 = n ( 8 + 3n-3) 3n2 + 5n – 350 = 0
350 = n ( 5 + 3n)
3n2 + 5n – 350 = 0 3n + 35= 0
3n=-35
n=-35/3
3 35 35 or
n - 10 = 0
1 -10 -30
n = 10
5 Take n = 10
( positif)
(3n + 35) (n - 10) = 0

So, there are ten numbers in the series

 Contoh-4
Calculate the sum of numbers between 120 and 250
Which can divided by 3!
Solution:
The series numbers which can divided by 3
between 120 and 250 :
123 + 126 + 129 + …….. + 249
known: a = 123 b = 3 and Un = 249
Un = a + (n-1)b
249 -120 = 3n
249 = 123 + (n-1)3
129 = 3n
249 = 123 + 3n - 3
n = 129 : 3
249 = 120 + 3n
n = 43
Sn = n ( a +Un)
2
S43 = 43 ( 123 + 249)
2
S43 = 43 ( 372 )
2
S43 = 43 ( 186 ) = 7998
Sn = n ( 2a +(n-1)b)
2
S43 = 43 ( 2.123 +(43-1)3)
2
S43 = 43 ( 246 +(42)3)
2
S43 = 43 ( 246 +126)
2
S43 = 43 ( 372)
2 So, the sum of numbers
S43 = 43 (186) between 120 and 250
S43 = 7998 which can divided by 3 is
7998
 Example-5
In the hall there are 20 lines of chairs. The first line
contains 8 chairs. Each line contains over 3 chairs
from the previous line. Determine the number of
chairs in the hall!
The series chairs in the hall:
8 + 11 + 14 + 17 + ……….+ U20
Known: a = 8 b = 3 S20 = …..?
Sn = n ( 2a +(n-1)b) S20 =10 ( 16 +57)
2 S20 =10 ( 73)
S20 = 20 ( 2.8 +(20-1)3)
2 S20 = 730
S20 = 10 ( 16 +(19)3)
There are 730chairs in
the hall
 Example-5
In the hall there are 30 lines of chairs. The Second line
contains 10 chairs. Each line contains over 4 chairs
from the previous line. Determine the number of
chairs in the hall!
he series chairs in the hall:
+ 10 + 14 + 18 + ……….+ U30
nown: a = 6 b = 4 S30 = …..?
Sn = n ( 2a +(n-1)b) S30 =15 ( 12 +116)
2 S30 =15 ( 128)
S30 = 30 ( 2.6 +(30-1)4)
2 S30 = 1920
S20 = 15 ( 12 +(29)4)
There are 1920 chairs in
the hall
 geometric series
An Geometric series is obtained by finding the sum of the
terms in an geometric sequence. To express the sum of
the first n terms in an geometric sequence, the symbol Sn
is used
IF U1 , U2, U3, U4, …..Un Geometric Sequence, so

U1 + U2 + U3 + U4 ….. + Un are Geometric Series

Example

2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64,…… is called geometric Sequence

2 +4 + 8+ 16 + 32 + …… is called geometric Series

 Geometric Series Formula
Sn = a + ar + ar2 + ar3 + …+ arn-2 + arn-1
rSn = ar + ar2 + ar3 +… + arn-2 + arn-1 + arn
Sn - r S n = a + 0 + 0 + ..... + 0 + 0 + − arn
Sn (1 - r ) = a − arn
Sn (1 - r ) = a ( 1 − rn )

Sn = a ( 1 − r n ) Sn = the sum of the first n terms

(1 - r ) in a geometric series
a = first term
r = ratio
n = the numbers of term
 Example-1
Given the following series.
3 + 6 + 12 + 24 + …
a. find the 8th term in the series.
b. calculate the sum of the 8 first terms in the series
Solution:
Known a= 3, r = 2 U8 = …… S8 = …..
Un = arn-1 S8 = ….. Sn = a ( 1 − rn ) S8 = 3 (−255)
U8 = 3 (2)8-1 (1 - r ) (-1)
S8 = 3 ( 1 − 2 8 ) S8 = −765
U8 = 3 (2) 7

(1 - 2 ) -1
U8 = 3 x 128
U8 = 384
S8 = 3 ( 1 − 256) S8 = 765
(1 - 2 )
 Example-1
Given the following series.
1 + 3 + 9 + 27 + …
a. find the 9th term in the series.
b. calculate the sum of the 9 first terms in the series
Solution:
Known a= 1, r = 3 U9 = …… S9 = …..
Un = arn-1 S9 = ….. Sn = a ( 1 − r n ) S9 = 1X
U9 = 1 X (3)9-1 (1 - r ) (−19682)
S9 = 1 X ( 1 − 3 9 ) (-2)
S9 = −19682
U9 = 1 X (3) 8

(1 - 3 ) -2
U9 = 1 x 6561
U9 = 6561
S9 = 1 X ( 1 − 19683)S9 = 9841
(1 - 3 )
Example 2
In a geometric sequence, the first term is 6 and the 4th term is 162.
a. Find the two terms between 6 and 162 in the sequence.
b. Calculate the sum of the first four terms in the sequence. .

Solution:
Known a = 6 U4 = 162, U2 =… U3 = ….
Un = arn-1 Un = arn-1 Un = arn-1
U4 = 6 (r)4-1 U2 = 6 (3)2-1 U3 = 6 (3)3-1
162 = 6 (r)3 U2 = 6 (3)1 U3 = 6 (3)2
U2 = 18 U3 = 6 x 9
162 = r3
6 U3 = 54
27 = r3 S4 = U1 + U2 + U3 +U4
3=r S4 = 6 + 18 + 54 + 162 = 240
Or with geometric series formula :
Sn = a ( 1 − r n )
(1 - r )
S4 = 6 ( 1 − 3 4 )
(1 - 3 )
S4 = 6 ( 1 − 81 )
(-2 )
S4 = 6 (− 80 )
(-2 )
S4 = 6 (40)
S4 = 240
Example 2
In a geometric sequence, the Thrid term is 8 and the 5th term is
32.
a. Find the first term in the sequence.
b. Calculate the sum of the first eight terms in the sequence. .
Solution:
Known, U3= 8 U5 = 32
U5= a x r4
U3= a x r2 32= a x r4 …. (2)
8 = a x r2 ……
(1)
32= a x r4 r = 2 --- >> 8 = a x
8 = a x r2 r 2 8 = a x (2) 2

8=ax4
4 = r2 8:4=a
2=r 2=a
geometric series formula :
Sn = a ( 1 − r n )
(1 - r )
S8 = 2 ( 1 − 2 8 )
(1 - 2 )
S8 = 2 ( 1 − 256 )
( − 1)
S8 = 2 ( − 255 )
( − 1)
S8 = 2 (255 )

S8 = 510
Example 2
In a geometric sequence, the SECOND term is 6 and the 6th
term is 96.
a. Find the first term in the sequence.
b. Calculate the sum of the first ninthterms in the sequence. .
Solution:
Known, U2= 6 U6 = 96
U6= a x r5
U2= a x r 96= a x r5 …. (2)
6 = a x r ……
(1)
96= a x r5 r = 2 --- >> 6 = a x r
6=axr 6=ax2
16 = r4 6:2=a
24 = r 4 3=a
geometric series formula :
Sn = a ( 1 − r n )
(1 - r )
S9 = 3 ( 1 − 2 9 )
(1 - 2 )
S9 = 3 ( 1 − 512 )
( − 1)
S9 = 3 ( − 511 )
( − 1)
S9 = 3 (511 )

S9 = 1533
Example 3
The length of some ropes forms a geometric series. The smallest
rope in the series is 5 cm and the largest is 1280 cm. if the
length all of ropes are 17,05 m.
Find the number of the pieces of rope
Solution:
Known, a = 5 cm, Un = 1280 cm, Sn = 1705 cm
Un = arn-1 256 = (r)n-1
1280 = 5(r)n-1 28 = (r)n-1

1280 = 5(r)n-1 if r=2 then 8 = n-1

8 +1 = n
1280 = (r) n-1

5 9=n
 r=2 n = 9 subtitute to the formula
geometric series for cheking
Sn = a ( 1 − r n ) 256 = (r)n-1
(1 - r ) 44 = (r)n-1
S9 = 5 ( 1 − 2 9 ) if r=4 then 4 = n-1
(1 - 2)
4 +1 = n
S9 = 5 ( 1 − 512 )
5=n
(- 1)
S9 = 5 ( − 511 )
(- 1)
S9 = 5 (511 )
S9 = 5 (511 ) = 2555 x
 r=4 n = 5 subtitute to the formula
geometric series for cheking
Sn = a ( 1 − r n )
(1 - r )
S5 = 5 ( 1 − 4 5 )
(1 - 4)
S5 = 5 ( 1 − 1024 )
(- 3)
S5 = 5 ( − 1023 )
(- 3)
S5 = 5 (341 )
S5 = 1705 So, there are 5 pieces of ropes
Sn = a ( 1 − r n ) Un = arn-1
(1 - r )
S5 = 8 ( 1 − 2 )
5
U5 = 8 x
(1 - 2) r128
4
= 8 x r4
S5 = 8 ( 1 − 32 ) 128 : 8 = r4
(1 - 2) 16 = r4
S5 = 8 ( − 31 )
24 = r4
(-1)
S5 = 8 x 31 = 248 2= r

8 16 32 64 128
U5 = 128
a=8
Example 3
A rope is divided to 6 pieces. The length of 6 Pieces of rope
forms a geometric series. The smallest rope in the series is 2 cm
and the largest is 486 cm. Find the length rope before cut

Solution:
Known, a = 2 cm, U6 = 486 cm, S6 = ….
Un = arn-1 243 = (r)5
486 = 2 X (r)6-1 35 = (r)5

486 = 2 X (r)5 r=3

486 = (r)5
2
Sn = a ( 1 − r n )
(1 - r )
S6 = 2 ( 1 − 3 6 )
(1 - 3)
S6 = 2 ( 1 − 729 )
(1 - 3)
S6 = 2 ( − 728 )
(-2)
S6 = 728
 Solution: SOAL Buku paket HAL 33 N0 . 9
Diketahui a = 2 -4 U8 = 2 52 U2 = 2 X X = …… ?

U8 = a x (r)8-1 2 56 = r 7
2 52 = 2-4 x r 7 2 8x7 = r 7
2 52 : 2-4 = r 7 (2 8) 7 = r 7
2 52 – (-4) = r 7 (2 8) = r
U2 = 2 X = a x r

2 X = 2-4 x 2 8

2 X = 2-4 +8
2 X = 24
X
=4