BRIGHT OSEI WIAFE

EFFECTS OF TIME,EXPOSURE AND OPTICAL PS/OPT/16/0010

PROPERTIES ON THE UV BLOCKING EFFECT
SUPERVISOR: OF
Dr. Charles Darko-Takyi

PHOTOCHROMIC LENSES
BRIGHT OSEI WIAFE
PS/OPT/16/0010
SUPERVISOR: Dr. Charles Darko-
Takyi
 INTRODUCTION
• Ultra violet radiation (UVR) is solar electromagnetic radiation, which is divided into
three wavelength bands; UVA (315–400 nm), UVB (280–315 nm) and UVC (100–280
nm) (Lakkis et al. 2006).

• Ophthalmoheliosis is a class of diseases associated with harmful exposure to UVR.

• Bachem (1956) showed experimentally that cataracts in small animals can be induced in
the laboratory using UVR.
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 INTRODUCTION CONT’D

• Standard methods of protecting the eye and orbit from UV exposure include
lenses that absorb UV, and frames with side shields that cover the external
surfaces around the eye (Citek, 2006).

• Photochromism is a reversible transformation of a single chemical species

being induced in one or both directions by electromagnetic radiation between
two states having distinguishable absorption spectra (Ouyang et al, 2016).
• STATEMENT OF PRO

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 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

• Most people spend virtually the whole day working outdoors, and are thus at risk
of the ocular complications of UVR.

• The people who wear prescriptive photochromic lenses or nonprescriptive

photochromic lenses wear their lenses for a long period without knowing whether
the efficiency of photochromism has reduced.

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 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM CONT’D

• Manufacturers of these lenses do not indicate the validity and duration of the
photochromatic effect of the lenses

• In our clinical routines, practitioners do advise their patients to replace their lenses
and reviews after a duration of two years provided no problem or discomfort is
encountered.

• Considering the ocular complications of UVR, there is the need to ascertain if the
UV blocking effect of photochromic lenses decrease with time and exposure

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 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

• The study will provide practitioners with the right information on a time frame in
which photochromic lenses should be changed to prevent exposure of the eyes to
UV.

• The study will provide evidenced-based information to public on the usage and
imperativeness of photochromic lenses

• Data from this study will add up to existing knowledge to serve as reference
purposes for similar studies in the future.

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 OBJECTIVES

1. To evaluate the effect of time on the blocking effect of photochromic lenses.

2. To assess the effect of exposure on the UV blocking effect of photochromic
lenses?
3. To determine the effects of optical properties (power and AR coating, central
thickness) of lenses on the UV blocking effect of Photochromic lenses?
4. To assess the effect of brands on the UV blocking effect of photochromic
lenses.

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 METHODS & MATERIALS

STUDY
DESIGN SETTING PARTICIPANTS-

• Experimental study • Laser and Fiber • Three groups

Optics center • Namely, A, B and C
(LAFOC) and DOVS

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 METHODS CONT’D

INCLUSION CRITERIA
Newly dispensed photochromic lenses, uncut photochromic lenses,
uncut Photo/AR lenses and lenses of different powers included in this
study. (CR 39 lenses, 1.56 index).

EXCLUSION CRITERIA
Old photo lenses, visibly scratched photochromic lenses were excluded

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 METHODS CONT’D

Study was approved by UCC Institutional Review board.

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 METHODS CONT’D

DATA COLLECTION PROCESS AND INSTRUMENTS

• UV transmission levels of the three different groups of lenses were measured
using the UV transmission set-up
• First group of lenses were exposed to the sun.
• second group were subjected to indoor condition
• the third group comprised newly dispensed photochromic lenses from the optometric clinic
of University of Cape Coast.
. UV transmission measurements were taken every fortnight.

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 METHODS CONT’D

Optical Fiber

Spectra being
displayed on
the PC

Detector

Light source

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 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
• Spectral transmittance of lenses
BABS OPTICALS WITH AR\PLUS 1\BABS OPTICALS WITH AR PLUS 1
120
18-05-22
10-06-22
24-06-22
100
08-07-22
05-08-22
19-08-22
80
02-09-22
Tansmittance (%)

60

40

20

0
250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750
Wavelength (nm)

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 CONT’D
• Truncated spectral transmittance

C:\Users\HP\Desktop\matfiles\PROJECT\BABS OPTICALS WITH AR\PLUS 1\BABS OPTICALS WITH AR PLUS 1

45
18-05-22

40 10-06-22
24-06-22
35 08-07-22
05-08-22
30
19-08-22
Tansmittance (%)

02-09-22
25

20

15

10

-5
250 300 350 400
Wavelength (nm)

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 CONT’D

• OBJECTIVE 1 & 2: To evaluate the effects of time and exposure on the

UV blocking effect of Photochromic lenses
TREND
400

390
f(x)
f(x) == −− 3.23941798941797
1.44576719576728 xx ++ 393.68253968254
390.878306878307
380 f(x) = − 4.21428571428571 x + 390.271428571429

370

360

350

340

330

320

310
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7

SRT Linear (SRT) EXPOSED

Linear (EXPOSED) LP Linear (LP)

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 CONT’D

• 2. To asssess the effects of optical characteristics on the UV blocking

effect of photochromic lenses
Central thickness
There was a moderate positive correlation between central thickness and UV blocking effect, which
was statistically significant. Rs (146)= .561, P< .001.

Coating
UV blocking effect in the AR coating group was statistically significantly higher than the group
without AR coating group(U =1422, p<.001)

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 CONT’D
• Relationship between coating and UV blocking effect
CANADA OPTICALS WITH AR\PLUS 3\CANADA OPTICALS WITH AR PLUS 3 C:\Users\HP\Desktop\matfiles\PROJECT\CANADA OPTICALS WITHOUT AR\PLUS 3\CANADA OPTICALS WITHOUT AR PLUS 3
120 150

18-05-22 18-05-22
10-06-22
10-06-22
24-06-22
100 24-06-22
08-07-22
08-07-22
05-08-22
05-08-22
19-08-22
19-08-22 02-09-22
02-09-22 100
80

Tansmittance (%)
Tansmittance (%)

60

50
40

20

0
250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750
0
Wavelength (nm)
250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750
Wavelength (nm)

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 CONT’D

CANADA opticals with AR

400

395

390

385

380

375

370

365

360

355

350
1

MINUS 1 MINUS 2 MINUS 3 MINUS 4 PLANO PLUS 1 PLUS 2 PLUS 3 PLUS 4

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 CONT’D

CANADA OPTICALS WITHOUT AR

390

380

370

360

350

340

330
1

MINUS 1 MINUS 2 MINUS 3 MINUS 4 PLANO PLUS 1 PLUS 2 PLUS 3 PLUS 4

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 CONT’D
• Powers

80
70 PLUS 1
MINUS 1
PLUS 2
MINUS 2 70
60 PLUS 3
MINUS 3
MINUS 4 PLUS 4
60

Tansmittance (%)
Tansmittance (%)

50
50
40
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
0
300 400 500 600 700 0
Wavelength (nm) 300 400 500 600 700
Wavelength (nm)

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 CONT’D
• To assess the effect of brands on the UV blocking effect of Photochromic lenses

70 70

60 60

Tansmittance (%)
Tansmittance (%)

50 50

40 40

30 30

20 20
Canada Optical -1 Canada Optical +1
10 Babs -1 10 Babs +1
KB -1 KB +1
0 0
300 400 500 600 700 300 400 500 600 700
Wavelength (nm) Wavelength (nm)

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 CONCLUSION

• Based on our results from the experiment we can establish that UV

blocking effect of photochromic lenses decrease with time and
exposure.
• Also the central thickness, powers of the lens coating and brand affect
the UV blocking effect of photochromic lenses.

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 RECOMMENDATION

• It would be best if we changed the time frame in order to confer the needed
protection against UV.

• Also, there should be a regulatory body who would use a particular criterion to
determine the benchmark of photochromism before manufacturers are allowed
to sell them

• Manufacturers should also find a way to determine the shelf life of

photochromism.

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 REFERENCES
• Bachem, A., 1956. Ophthalmic ultraviolet action spectra. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 41, 969–975.

• Ouyang L, Huang H, Tian Y, Peng W, Sun H, Jiang W. Factors affecting the measurement of
photochromic lens performance. Color Technol. 2016; 132(3):238–248.

• Lakkis C, Weidemann K. Evaluation of the performance of photochromic spectacle lenses in

•Ouyang L, Huang H, Tian Y, Peng W, Sun H, Jiang W. Factors affecting the measurement of
photochromic lens performance. Color Technol. 2016; 132(3):238–248

•Renzi-Hammond LM, Hammond BR Jr. The effects of photochromic lenses on visual

performance.ClinExpOptom.2016;99(6):568–574.
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THANK
YOU

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