CARBURETO

R
PRESENTED
BY
J.CHANTI
20Q91A0325
MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT
MRCE
What is carburetor

A CARBURETOR IS A DEVICE USED FOR

ATOMIZING AND VAPORIZING THE FUEL
AND MIXING IT WITH THE AIR IN VARYING
PROPORTIONS TO SUIT CHANGING
CONDITIONS AND THE OPERATING
CONDITIONS OF ENGINES.
 CONTENTS

 Carburetor
 Parts of a simple carburetor
 Working of a Carburetor
 Types of Carburetor
 Functions of a carburetor
 Advantages of the carburetor
 Disadvantages of the carburetor
 Applications of Carburetor
 Carburetor Definition:

 It is a device (Used in Internal combustion

engines) for mixing air with fuel in a system
for properly burn fuel.
 The carburetor is only used in a petrol
engine,where spark ignition happens.
Parts of a simple carburetor:
A simple carburetor is constructed of the following
parts:
 1. Throttle Valve
 2.Strainer
 3.Venturi
 4.Metering system
 5. Idling system
 6.Float Chamber
 7.Mixing Chamber
 8.1dle and Transfer
port
 9.Choke Valve
Throttle Valve:
The throttle Valve is an important part of a Carburetor. It controls the mixture of charge (air+fuel) supplied to the
engine cylinder. The driver opens the throttle valve by pressing the accelerator.
Strainer:
It is a device that is used to filter the fuel before entering the float chamber.
It consists of a fine wire mesh that filters the fuel and removes dust and other suspended particles from it.
If these particles are not removed, it can cause blockage of the nozzle
Venturi:
The venturi is the gradually decreasing cross-sectional hollow tube. It helps to decrease the air pressure of the
chamber. For which fuel comes out from the fuel pipe.
Metering system:
The metering system controls the flow of fuel into the nozzle. It is responsible for forming a correct mixture of air
fuel.
It consists of two main parts:
1. Metering orifice and
2. Fuel discharge nozzle
When the air passes through the venturi, it generates a low-pressure field across the throat. Due to this pressure
difference, fuel is discharged into the air stream. The quantity of fuel is controlled by the metering orifice and
discharge hole at the exit of the fuel discharge nozzle.
Idling system:
The idling system consists of passage directly from the float chamber to the venturi tube. It provides a rich
mixture during idling and at low speed. It works during idling or when the throttle is open below 15%.
Float Chamber:
The float chamber serves as a storage tank of fuel for a continuous supply of fuel. It contains a float valve that
maintains the level of fuel in the float chamber. When the level of fuel decreases in the float chamber the float
moves downward, which opens the fuel supply valve and allows the flow of fuel into the float chamber.As the fuel
level increases, the float moves upward which closes and stops the fuel supply.
Mixing Chamber:
In the mixing chamber, the mixture of air and fuel occurred. And then supplied to the engine cylinder.
Idle and Transfer port:
In addition to the main nozzle in the venturi portion of the carburetor, two other nozzles, or ports, deliver fuel
to the engine cylinder
Choke valve:
Choke Valve is a valve that controls the mixture of air-fuel. The main
function of this valve is tocontrol the quantity of the air inside the mixing
chamber.
This valve normally is in semi-open condition, but when we need a rich
mixture of air-fuel we operate this valve this valve is close to the inlet of
the air within the chamber, so we get a rich mixture of air-fuel because the
quantity of fuel in the mixture is more because of less air in the chamber.
In the winter season when the engine is not starting we use this valve to
get supply rich air-fuel mixture to the engine cylinderto control
Working of a Carburetor:
The Float and needle valve system maintains a constant level of gasoline in the float
chamber. If the amount of fuel in the float chamber falls below the designed level, the
float goes down, thereby opening the fuel supply valve and admitting fuel.
When the designed level has been reached, the float closes the fuel supply valve thus
stopping additional fuel flow from the supply system.
The float chamber is vented either to the atmosphere or to the upstream side of the
venturi. During the suction stroke, the air is drawn through the venturi.
Venturi is a tube of decreasing cross-section with a minimum area at the throat.
Venturi tube is also known as a choke tube and is so shaped that it offers minimum
resistance to the airflow. As the air passes through the venturi the velocity increases
reaching a maximum at the venturi throat.
Correspondingly, the pressure decreases reaching a minimum. From the float chamber,
the fuel is fed to a discharge jet, the tip of which is located in the throat of the venturi.
Because of the differential pressure between the float chamber and the throat of the
venturi, known as carburetor depression, fuel is discharged into the airstream.
The fuel discharged is affected by the size of the discharge jet and it is chosen to give
the required air-fuel ratio
 Types of Carburetor:
There are three types of carburetors according to the direction in which the mixture is supplied.
Up-draft carburetor
Horizontal type carburetor
Down-draft type carburetor
If the air is supplied from the bottom of the mixing chamber then it is called an up-draft type.
If the air is supplied from one side of the carburetor then it is called horizontal-type carburetor.
And last if the air is supplied from the above portion of the mixing chamber then it is called a down-
draftcarburetor.
In most cases, a down-draft type carburetor is generally used because of the following advantages:
• The gravity assists the flow of the mixture. so found that the engine pulls better at lower speeds under load.
• The engine can achieve a higher value of volumetric efficiency.
• The carburetor position is rendered more accessible. And the only disadvantage is:
• The possibility of leakage going directly into the inlet manifold if the float is defective and the jet is
overflowing.
•Also use of a particular carburetor is depends on the fuel supply system too.
Up-draft type carburetor:
In this type of Carburetor, air goes through the bottom of the
carburetor. And fuel comes from the float chamber and due to the
pressure difference within the two-chamber with the helpof venturi,
fuel comes out from the fuel pipe and mix with theinlet air and make
a mixture of air-fuel, which is passed throughthe throttle valve which
is directly connected with theaccelerator.
And goes to the engine cylinder where the combustion of
charge(air+fuel) takes place.AIR-FUEL MIXTURE—VENTURES—
THROTTLE VA'AIR INLEARNMECHANICAL.COM
Down-draft Carburetor:

In this type of carburetor air comes from the top of the mixing chamber, and
the fuel comes from the bottom of the mixing chamber, here also the same
principle works, due to the low pressure created by the two centuries fuel comes
out through the pipe and then the mixing of fuel and air occurred here. The
mixture of fuel and air is controlled by the choke valve, and the quantity of
charge supplied to the engine cylinder is controlled by the throttling valve. At
this time most vehicles used down-draft carburetor systems of the advantages I
mentioned above INVENTURIESTHROTTLE
VNLEARNMECHANICAL.COM
Horizontal Type Carburetor:

When you rotate the down-draft carburetor in the horizontal direction then its
become a horizontal type carburetor working principle of this type of carburetor
is very simple. Here the carburetor stays in the horizontal position where the air
is coming in through the one end of the carburetor shown in the below figure.
And mixed with fuel to make the air-fuel mixture and then the air-fuel mixture
is going to the engine cylinder for combustion.1
Functions of a carburetor:

The main functions of a carburetor are.

1. The main function of carburetors is to mix air and gasoline and provide a high- combustion
mixture.
2.1t controls the engine speed.
3.1t also regulates the air-fuel ratio.
4.1t Increase or decrease the amount of mixture according to the engine speed and load changes.
5. To keep a certain head of fuel in the float chamber all the time.
6. Vaporize the fuel and mix it with air to a homogeneous air-fuel mixture.
7. To supply the correct amount of air-fuel mixture at the correct strength under all conditions of load
and speed of the engine.
 Advantages of the carburetor:

 Carburetor parts are not as expensive as that of fuel injectors.

 With the use of a carburetor, you get more air and fuel mixture.
 In terms of a road test, carburetors have more power and precision.
 Carburetors are not restricted by the amount of gas pumped from the fuel tank which means that cylinders may
pull more fuel through the carburetor which would lead to the denser mixture in the chamber and greater power
as well.

Disadvantages of the carburetor:

 At very low speed, the mixture supplied by a carburetor is so weak that, it will not ignite
properly and for itsenrichment, at such conditions, some arrangement in the carburetor is required.
 The working of a carburetor is affected by changes in atmospheric pressure.
 More fuels are consumed since carburetors are heavier than fuel injectors.
 More air emissions than fuel injectors.
 The maintenance costs of a carburetor are higher than the fuel injection systemits enrichment
Applications of Carburetor:

 Used for Spark-Ignition Engine.

 It is used to control the speed of the vehicles.
 It converts the main fuel petrol into fine droplets and mixes with air to burn in
smoothly and properly without any problem. mixes with
Thank you