Chapter 3 - Equilibrium of Force Systems

ES 202
STATIC OF RIGID BODIES

ENGR. JUVYL C. IHONG [email protected]
CHAPTER 3
EQUILIBRIUM OF
FORCE SYSTEMS
LEARNING
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the students are able to:
• Determine and apply the conditions necessary to produce

equilibrium for coplanar force systems.
• Apply the basic concepts of the components of a force and its
moment effect in the most efficient manner.
Definition of Equilibrium
The subject matter of statics, as its name implies, deals
essentially with the action of force on bodies which are at
rest. Equilibrium is the term used to designate the condition
where the resultant of a system of force is zero. A body is
said to be in equilibrium when the force system acting upon
it has a zero resultant.
Free-Body Diagrams
Problems in mechanics always involve the interaction of
bodies upon one another. A isolated view of a body which
shows only the external forces exerted on the body is called a
free body diagram (FBD). These external forces are caused
either by direct body contact or by gravitational or magnetic
attraction.
The steps involved in drawing a free-body
diagram:
1. Draw a diagram of the body completely isolated

from all other bodies. The free body may consist
of an entire assembled structure or any
combination or part of it.
2. Represent the action of each body or support
that is removed by a force or its components.
3. Label each force by its magnitude, if known, or
by a symbol, if unknown.
Example:
In Fig. 3-1, a 200-lb cylinder is supported by a horizontal rod AB and rests against the uniform bar CD which
weighs 100 lb. Draw the free-body diagrams (a) of rod AB, (b) of the cylinder, (c) of bar CD, and (d) of the
assembled cylinder and bar.
Example:
The cylinder C in Fig-302 weighs 1000 lb. Draw a FBD of cylinder C and of rod AB.
Equilibrium of
Concurrent Force Systems
The conditions of equilibrium for concurrent force systems are obtained by
determining the equations that produce a zero resultant. It was shown that
the magnitude of the resultant of a concurrent force system is found by
means of the equation.
�� = (Σ��)2 + (Σ��)2
Example 1:
A system of cord knotted together at A and B support the weights shown in Figure 3-4. Compute the tension P,
Q, F and T acting in the various cords.
Example 1:
Example 1:
Example 1:
Example 1:
Example 2:
A cylinder weighing 400 lb is held against a smooth incline by means of the weightless rod AB in Fig. P-309.
Determine the forces P and N exerted on the cylinder by the rod and the incline respectively.
Condition of Equilibrium from Moments
We shall now show that it is possible to express the conditions of equilibrium in terms of moment summations
instead of X and Y summations. The advantage of expressing equilibrium in terms of moment summations is
that any particular force can be eliminated by taking moments about a center on its line of action. Since the
moment effect of a system of forces is equal to the moment of its resultant, a moment summation of a system
of forces becomes zero if either:
a. The center of the moments is on the action line of the resultant.
b. The magnitude of the resultant is zero, which indicates equilibrium.
Three Coplanar Forces in Equilibrium are
Concurrent
Occasionally equilibrium of a structure is maintained by only three coplanar forces. We shall now
prove that three coplanar forces in equilibrium must be concurrent (or parallel).
Example 1:
The bell crank shown in Fig.3-12a is supported by a bearing at A. A 100-lb force is applied vertically at C,
rotation being prevented by the force P acting at B. Compute the value of P and the bearing reaction at A.
Example 2:
The loads applied to the truss shown in Fig. 3-13 cause the reactions shown at A and D. A free-body diagram of
hinge A forms the concurrent force system shown enclosed at A. Determine the magnitudes of the forces P and
F, directed respectively along bars AB and AE, that maintain equilibrium of this system.
Example 2:
The loads applied to the truss shown in Fig. 3-13 cause the reactions shown at A and D. A free-body diagram of
hinge A forms the concurrent force system shown enclosed at A. Determine the magnitudes of the forces P and
F, directed respectively along bars AB and AE, that maintain equilibrium of this system.
Equilibrium of Parallel
Forces
The condition of equilibrium parallel force systems are determined
from the conditions necessary to create a zero resultant. We found
that the resultant of parallel force systems is determined by the
equations
�� = ΣF
��.�� = ΣM
Example 1:
A beam simply supported at the ends, carries a concentrated load of 300 lb and a uniformly distributed load
weighing 100 lb per linear foot, as shown in Fig. 3-15. Determine the beam reactions.
Example 1:
The upper beam in Fig. 3-16a is supported by a reaction ��3 at D and a roller at C which separates the upper
and lower beams. Determine the reactions ��1, ��2, and ��3.
Example 1:
The upper beam in Fig. 3-16a is supported by a reaction ��3 at D and a roller at C which separates the upper
and lower beams. Determine the reactions ��1, ��2, and ��3.
Equilibrium of
Non-Concurrent Forces
It was demonstrated that the resultant of a non-concurrent force
system could be determined from the components of ΣX , ΣY and
ΣM.
Example 1:
The truss shown in Fig. a is supported on rollers at A and hinged at B. The wind load are
perpendicular to the inclined members. Determine the components of the reactions at A and B.
Example 2:
Determine the load P required to hold bar AB in a horizontal position on the smooth inclines shown
in Fig. 3-18. Also determine the reactions at A and B.
Example 2:
Determine the load P required to hold bar AB in a horizontal position on the smooth inclines shown
in Fig. 3-18. Also determine the reactions at A and B.
Questions?
ACTIVITY WILL BE
POSTED
Thank you!

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ES 202

STATIC OF RIGID BODIES

• Determine and apply the conditions necessary to produce

1. Draw a diagram of the body completely isolated

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