Networks 1 Intro

Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1of 14

This Lecture

 What is a network?
 Sharing the infrastructure
 Circuit switching
 Packet switching
 Best Effort Service
 Analogy: the mail system
 Internet’s Best Effort Service

1
This Lecture
 What is a network?
 Sharing the infrastructure
 Circuit switching
 Packet switching
 Best Effort Service
 Analogy: the mail system
 Internet’s Best Effort Service

6
Two ways to share
 Circuitswitching (isochronous)
 Packet switching (asynchronous)

7
Internet Traffic Is Bursty

Daily traffic at an MIT-CSAIL router

Max In:12.2Mb/s Avg. In: 2.5Mb/s


Max Out: 12.8Mb/s Avg. Out: 3.4 Mb/s
11
Packet switching also show reordering
Packets in a flow may not follow the same path (depends
on routing as we will see later)  packets may be
reordered
Host C

Host A Host D

Node 1 Node 2
Node 3

Node 5

Host B
Node 7 Host E
Node 6
Node 4

15
This Lecture
 What is a network?
 Sharing the Infrastructure
 Circuit switching
 Packet switching
 Best Effort Service
 Analogy: the mail system
 Internet’s Best Effort Service

16
The mail system

MIT Stanford

Dina Nick

Admin Admin

17
Characteristics of the mail system
 Each envelope is individually routed
 No time guarantee for delivery
 No guarantee of delivery in sequence
 No guarantee of delivery at all!
 Things get lost
 How can we acknowledge delivery?
 Retransmission
 How to determine when to retransmit? Timeout?
 If message is re-sent too soon  duplicates

18
The mail system

MIT Stanford

Dina Nick

Admin Admin

19
The Internet
Nms.csail.mit.edu Leland.Stanford.edu

Dina Nick

O.S. Data Header Data Header


O.S.
Packet
Packet

20
Characteristics of the Internet
 Each packet is individually routed
 No time guarantee for delivery
 No guarantee of delivery in sequence
 No guarantee of delivery at all!
 Things get lost
 Acknowledgements
 Retransmission
 How to determine when to retransmit? Timeout?
 If packet is re-transmitted too soon 
duplicate

21
Best Effort
No Guarantees:
 Variable Delay (jitter)
 Variable rate
 Packet loss
 Duplicates
 Reordering
 (notes also state maximum packet length)

22
Differences Between Circuit & Packet Switching
Circuit-switching Packet-Switching

Guaranteed capacity No guarantees (best effort)

Capacity is wasted if data is More efficient


bursty
Before sending data Send data immediately
establishes a path
All data in a single flow Different packets might
follow one path follow different paths
No reordering; constant Packets may be reordered,
delay; no pkt drops delayed, or dropped
23
This Lecture
 We learned how to share the network
infrastructure between many
connections/flows

 We also learned about the implications


of the sharing scheme (circuit or packet
switching) on the service that the
traffic receives

24

You might also like