WK 03-Wastewater Treatment Criteria

CE 341 ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEERING-II
WK # 03
DR. ERUM AAMIR

IESE #104
[email protected] (9085-4357)
Water & Wastewater
Treatment
Theory
Week Topics
1-2 Conventional water and wastewater treatment processes, criteria for selecting a treatment process
Fundamentals of water and wastewater treatment and designing, important design parameters, mass-loading
3-4
factor, reaction rates, reactors or treatment units, important design parameters etc.
5-6 Designing of pre-requisites units (screening chamber, grit chamber, skimming tank etc)
Primary treatment (sedimentation tank design), design of rapid-mix basin, design of slow-mix basin, lime-soda
7 - 10
water softening process.
Secondary treatment of water, concept of biological wastewater treatment of wastewater, classification of
11
biological wastewater treatment processes, etc.
12 Determination of bio-kinetic coefficients for biological treatment processes
Design of an activated sludge process, design of UASB reactor (anaerobic digestion). Design of trickling filter
13 - 15
(or percolating filter), design of an oxidation ponds (or wastes stabilization ponds)
16 Advanced treatment options for water and wastewater, sludge treatment and disposal
Wastewater Treatment
Type of Pollutants
Physical: Solids, temperature, color, turbidity, salinity, odor
Chemical: Majorly dissolved pollutants
◦ Organics: Carbohydrates, fats, proteins
◦ Inorganics: Alkalinity, N, P, S, pH, metals, salts
◦ Gaseous: H2S, CH4
Biological: Living organisms
◦ Plants: algae, grass, etc.
◦ Microorganisms: bacteria, viruses
Sources of Wastewater
1. Domestic: food, soap and detergents, bathroom (fecal and urine), and paper
i. Gray water: Washing water from the kitchen, bathroom, and laundry (without feces and urine)
ii. Blackwater: Water from the flush toilet (feces and urine with flush water)
iii. Yellow water: Urine from separated toilets and urinals
2. Commercial: bathroom and food from restaurants and other stores

3. Industrial: highly variable, dependent on industry, controlled by pre-treatment regulations
4. Runoff from streets: sand and petroleum and tire residues (infiltration, not a direct
discharge)
Domestic Wastewater Sources:
 water consumption record may also be used for estimating flowrates; 90 % or more water
becomes wastewater if water use for landscape and irrigation is limited;
 Averagely 60 – 90 % of the per capita water consumption becomes wastewater;
 (In Punjab-Pakistan 70-75% in peri-urban area & 80-85% in urban area);

◦ Residential areas
◦ Commercial/industrial districts
◦ Institutional facilities
◦ Recreational facilities
◦ Infiltration
◦ Inflow
Types of water pollutant by industries/ Commercial
Typical wastewater Collection
System
Difference b/w Water Supply and
Sewerage System
Flow by gravity (mostly) in sewerage system
Designed as open channel flow, but with cover
More suspended material
Release of gases i.e. Hydrogen sulfide
(H2S)
Supply water is usually in metal or small diameter plastic pipes. sewer
is in large diameter plastic, clay, or brick or concrete channels.
Definition and Terms
 Force main: this term is used to describe a pressurized pipe that is used to
convey wastewater; Force mains are pipelines that convey wastewater under
pressure from the discharge side of a pump or pneumatic ejector to a discharge
point. Pumps or compressors located in a lift station provide the energy for
wastewater conveyance in force mains
 Infiltration: the seepage of groundwater into a sewer system, including service

connections. Seepage frequently occurs through defective or cracked pipes, pipe
joints, connection or manhole walls
 Inflow: Storm water runoff connection to the sanitary collection system and
cause an almost immediate increase in wastewater flow rates;
 Invert Level: The lowest point of the internal surface of a sewer;

National Environmental Quality Standards
Typical Wastewater Composition
Typical Wastewater Composition
Unit processes and the constituents in
water for which each process is used
Criteria for treatment selection
Conventional Wastewater Treatment
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CE 341 ENVIRONMENTAL

DR. ERUM AAMIR

12 Determination of bio-kinetic coefficients for biological treatment processes

2. Commercial: bathroom and food from restaurants and other stores

 Averagely 60 – 90 % of the per capita water consumption becomes wastewater;

 (In Punjab-Pakistan 70-75% in peri-urban area & 80-85% in urban area);

 Infiltration: the seepage of groundwater into a sewer system, including service

 Invert Level: The lowest point of the internal surface of a sewer;

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